Napoleon: kokufa nokuphila. SikaNapoleon Ethuneni

"Siyaphenya le Napoleons," wabhala Pushkin ngesikhathi sakhe, kahle waphawula, umthelela ezingqondweni abanye babantu besikhathi sakhe kwadingeka wokuvelela Napoleon Bonaparte. Ngempela, kukhona ezimbalwa emlandweni ubuntu engenza kuyanda meteoric ezinjalo - kusukela uLieutenant elingaziwa ukuze isimangalo zombusi ukuba khona ukubusa umhlaba.

Akunandaba ukuthi ukuphela kwakhe ukuphila kwakhe kumelwe ngilahle yonke impumelelo, okubala umqhele, Nokho namuhla yokuthola umuntu ongakaze ezwe lutho mayelana Bonaparte, cishe kungenakwenzeka. Izinkulungwane zezivakashi eza Paris, ukuya ekhaya lasebekhulile - yindawo lapho ethuneni sikaNapoleon.

kancane neCorsican

Ngo-August 1769 emndenini esihle se-neCorsican Bonaparte wazalelwa indodana Napoleon. Yiqiniso, izicukuthwane neCorsican - lena ayifani isiFulentshi. Ngokusho lokhu kuphawula we-mlando saseBrithani, abazali kaKesari esizayo, empeleni, abanikazi bamazwe encane, into kuphela ababenazo enibaziyo izikhulu - kuyinto nokuba khona elingenamikhono izingalo.

Iminyaka Napoleon uhlala Corsica eziphoqelelwe isinyathelo esikhulu ubuntu bakhe. Wayehlale ozinikele ngempela unina wonke umkhaya. Lapho Napoleon waba umbusi, wazama ukuthola sobukhosi efanelekayo izihlobo zakhe eziningi: bazalwane, abashana, zokutholwa.

IsiFulentshi, uNapoleon ashaqe beqondiswa monk Recco, futhi eminyakeni 9, angazange alifunde imisebenzi zezingane of uVoltaire, UPlutarch, uRousseau Cicero. Ukusebenzisa konke ukuxhumana etholakalayo kuye, uyise sikaNapoleon wahlela ukuba indodana yakhe esikoleni lempi eziseduze nase-Paris e 1779 lapho afunda khona kocingo kahle, ekuvimbeleni Uzalo lwababacindezelayo - inzalo ka-imikhaya ihloniphekile futhi iletha baziklolodela neCorsican abampofu.

uBrigadier

Lapho French Revolution waqala, uNapoleon eseholidini e esiqhingini lwakubo. Ngesikhathi ephothula imfundo wezempi futhi wakhonza elisezingeni uLieutenant wesibili e ikampu lesifunda elincane okwakuhlala. Revolution, njengoba ukuphela absolutism, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wamukele ngaphandle kwemibandela. Noma kunjalo, uNapoleon, ngubani bakuthanda oda, sasimelene ongalawuleki ethandwa ukuvukela.

Eminyakeni esiphithiphithini Yokuvukela Corsica kuvuselelwe yenkhululeko. Njengoba Napoleon kuqhathaniswa emzabalazweni kanye France, uJesu eseboshiwe. Ngemva kokweqa ejele neCorsican, Bonaparte langena ebutho elihlaselayo Toulon. Lapho ngoDisemba 1793 ayenakho ithuba lokuba abadumile, sibonga ubuqhawe siqu phakathi Storming le nqaba.

Kodwa ngemva kokuwa 1795 egameni Umqondisi, yena amahora 4 nje ukuyiveza ukuvukela kwezinceku royalists, lonke France wezwa Jikelele Bonaparte futhi umsebenzi wakhe okhazimulayo kwaba oyisibonelo. ibutho sikaNapoleon ezikhulekelwa. Ngaphezu engenakuqhathaniswa isibindi siqu, yena ebathenga amasosha ukunakekela isimo sengqondo, ngakho unganqikazi ebesezilungele ukuphila kwabo ngenxa yabo.

Belingisa Thixo

Tomb of Napoleon eParis, noma kunalokho sarcophagus yayo itholakala maphakathi egumbini, azungezwe afake 12 izithombe ze Niki - unkulunkulukazi ngesiGreki wokunqoba. Le nombolo kulingana nenani empini umholi okukhulu empini, kuhlanganise Borodino.

ukuphila Idol sikaNapoleon wonke wabo kwakungu-Aleksandr Makedonsky, esikhathini esifushane ukwakha umbuso omkhulu. izinhlelo ezinjalo ukuchamisela futhi Bonaparte yena. Ngemva umkhankaso enqobile Italian kuqhame France nje kuphela kodwa futhi yonke iYurophu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona isithombe Izikhathi zokubonisana uthando njengendoda uNapoleon, okuyinto waphefumulela abaningi ayephila nabo.

Okulandelayo emkhankasweni wempi, kulokhu eGibithe kwakuyiminyaka hhayi okunqobayo ngakho. Okwamanje lapho ibutho French wabhekana ukunqotshwa Okuyınqo, kwafika izindaba inhlekelele yezombangazwe e-Paris. Ngaphambi Napoleon kwavulela kwamandla, yena ngakho ngobuqotho wafuna.

Ukulahla ibutho eGibhithe, yena washiya ngasese ngoba eFrance, lapho ngokushesha ezamenyezelwa the inxusa Okokuqala, neminyaka engu-5 kamuva, ngo-December 1804, uNapoleon wanika ekumisweni kwayo siqu zikanokusho e Notre Dame de Paris.

Master zomhlaba

Amathuna yasebukhosini eziningi French ku Abbey of Saint-Denis. Kodwa Napoleon kwaba isiphephelo lokugcina State Les Invalides, kanye esidalelwe Veterans ogulayo.

Cishe, ngokuba-zenith odumo, uMbusi ngiphuphe okunye endaweni lokungcwatshwa. Phela, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX. ibutho French asesandleni sakhe elalibhekwa njengelinye cishe esinganqobeki. Napoleon Dweba ibalazwe nezombangazwe zaseYurophu, ngokubona kwayo, dala umbuso omusha.

On the eminyakeni 1805-1810 akhawunti ye-isiqongo ngokokusebenza kwamandla akhe. enkantolo French isibe omunye the brilliant kunazo eYurophu, kanye Umbusi ngokwakhe oshade okweqanda we Habsburg. Naphezu wesakhiwo kanye sokusebenzisana wadala ngokumelene naye, uNapoleon ngaqhubeka ngikholelwa lucky inkanyezi yakhe, ngisho nangemva kokubaleka Russia.

ithuba Kugcine

Ngo-1813 i-impi kwenzeke Leipzig, okuyinto Napoleon elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakufanele bonyana enze asayine abdication futhi niye ekudingisweni esiqhingini Elba. Lapha wabona sekuthule washiya isikhundla sakhe ukuze Isiphelo sakhe, kodwa eqinisweni, Bonaparte yayilungiselela umkhankaso eFrance ukuba bathole amandla kabusha.

iPlani lakhe kuphumelele kancane. ibutho Little sikaNapoleon entwasahlobo ka 1815 wamukelwa ngomdlandla ngu-French. Wafika e-Paris futhi waqhubeka le Tuileries Palace. Nokho, ukubuyiselwa buphendukile baba dlala iDemo. manje Napoleon lizungezwe iningi amambuka, ukuthi abazange bakuqaphele.

Umvuthwandaba izinsuku Angamakhulu wokubusa kwakhe kwaba impi, noma kunalokho ukunqotshwa okuphelele ibutho French eduze nedolobhana Waterloo (Belgium). Owayezinikele isiboshwa British Napoleon wadingiselwa futhi, kulokhu phakathi olwandle elahlekile esiqhingini St Helena.

Emaphethelweni umbuso

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX IBrithani yayilokhu umbuso onamandla wamakoloni. Phakathi izimpahla zalo phesheya kwaba esiqhingini esincane amangelengele St Helena eningizimu-Atlantic. Kusukela eliseduze (Afrika) coast wehlukanisa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kulapha yaphela izinsuku zakhe wagudluza iNkosi uPhilip bese lapha ithuna lingenalutho of Napoleon.

Lowe, umbusi isiqhingi, esatshiswa amahemuhemu esongelwa nabangane isigaba abadingisiwe uMbusi, sicela njalo uhulumeni waseBrithani ukuthumela kwaqhuma ezengeziwe ukuze uqinise ogwini.

Esinye isilinganiso zokuvimbela asebenza kubo kwaba ezehlukile austerity Imodi, okwakufanele kungenze usuhlale isiboshwa. Nokho, i-emperor wangaphambili ayengaboshiwe, wayengase kuqhathaniswa ngokukhululekile ukuhambisa ezizungeze iziqhingi akha ubude 19 km.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila sikaNapoleon wachitha St Helena kwakungamadodana esingenathemba kakhulu. Mayelana nabo siyazi kusukela ezincwadini ezibhalwe yilabo Jikelele Bonaparte Laskasom ngemva kokufa. Wayengomunye abambalwa ngokuzithandela baya ekudingisweni kumbusi wangaphambili.

Akunjalo kudala ngenxa yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali izinwele esisindile Bonaparte sika kwatholakala ukuthi wayevusiwe anobuthi nge-arsenic. Napoleon wafa ekuqaleni kuka May 1821 Ngokusho isitifiketi esemthethweni imbangela yokufa ayikazeki umdlavuza isisu.

Lapho Napoleon ungcwatshwe?

Esiqhingini Saint Helena namanje itshe lethuna nesizotha, sizungezwe yensimbi kocingo - yokungcwaba abantu, kanye anqume isiphetho ezwekazini laseYurophu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufa Bonaparte, amaFulentshi waqala ukuyala nomlotha uMbusi wabo wayiswa eFrance njengezingakufanele ukungcwatshwa ngendlela ehloniphekile.

Uhulumeni waseBrithani, ekugcineni, waya ukubahlangabeza, ngo-Okthoba 1840 ethuneni Napoleon ku St Helena wavulwa. Amanxiwa ezindawo umbusi uyiswa France e amabhokisi amabili, phambili futhi ebony. Ekugcineni, ngo-December 15 ngesikhathi omkhulu zidle le sarcophagus of Napoleon sathathwa Les Invalides.

Phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu we French wafika isonto St Louis ukukhuleka umlotha umbusi ngasekupheleni. ithuna elikhulu ngaye kwaphela ngo-1861, lapho sarcophagus equkethe izinsalela Bonaparte namuhla.

esikhundleni isiphetho

UNapoleon, ukuphila nokufa futhi namuhla isihloko izifundo eziningi, kuba omunye kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe izinhlamvu zomlando. Ubuhlobo nalokho ngezinye izikhathi akuhambisani okuphambene.

Noma kunjalo, akekho ongaphika indima enkulu eyadlalwa Napoleon eYurophu ekuqaleni XIX umlando leminyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ethuneni sikaNapoleon Paris Invalides likhona ohlwini izinkambo ukuthi ukwethula izivakashi enhlokodolobha eFrance.