Confederation German (1815 - 1866)

Confederation ngokuthi "German Union" yathatha kancane eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-50. Kwaba ngomzamo ukugcina ukusilela phakathi uthi abaningi German.

ISENDLALELO SOMTHETHO

Ukuze kakhulu emlandweni wawo, iJalimane yahlukaniswa yaba yizingxenye principalities eziningi, duchies nemibuso. Lokhu kwakubangelwa izici zomlando ukuthuthukiswa lezi zindawo. Esikhathini X leminyaka idaliwe njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. Iletha ndawonye zonke uthi isiJalimane, kodwa ahlukene ngaphakathi ayenakho ukuzimela.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla zombusi ziya ngokuya ziba buthakathaka, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX eYurophu waphula izimpi kaNapoleon, okuyinto ekugcineni iyibonakalisa nokungasebenzi kwalesi simiso esidala. Francis II asiyeke e 1806 futhi waba umbusi wase-Austria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anakho ahamba ingxenye enkulu yensimu eYurophu Ephakathi: Hungary, Czech Republic, Croatia nokunye ..

Ngasenyakatho-Austria, kuyinto lenqwaba uthi ezincane, kanye uMbuso Prussia, elaba imbangi eyinhloko Austria. Ngemva lanqotshwa, ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha abavela kulo lonke elase nezwekazi elalihlangana Vienna e 1814 ukuxoxa oda emhlabeni esikhathini esizayo. Umbuzo-German kwaba omunye isihluthulelo, ngoba njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma, de empeleni waba, ayisekho ayekhona.

Isinqumo Vienna Congress

Ngu isinqumo we Congress of Vienna, 8 Juni 1815 Confederation German yasungulwa. Kwaba inomdlalo - inyunyana ithi ezimele. Bonke kwadingeka kutati German. A indima enkulu ukudalwa Confederation odlale i ohlakaniphile Austrian Klemens Metternich.

imingcele

Imingcele inyunyana German kufakwe amalungu 39. Bonke babethenga ngokusemthethweni alinganayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ababusi izihloko kuhluke ngokuphawulekayo. umfelandawonye German yayihlanganisa Empire Austria, umbuso - Bavaria, Württemberg, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, kanye principalities eziningi. Sasizigqokele kulo, republic ezisemadolobheni (Bremen, Hamburg, eLübeck kanye Frankfurt) ukuthi eNkathini Ephakathi futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla amalungelo wajabulela anikezwe Kaiser.

Izwe enkulu - Prussia nase-Austria, emazweni naye wayenezimvu, okuyizinto de jure hhayi ingxenye Confederation German. Kwakuwusuku sifundazwe lapho abanye abantu wahlala (baseHungary, nabasePoland, nokunye. D.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudalwa Confederation German sinika isimo olukhethekile ezindaweni German ezazisemizini nezinye izifundazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umqhele British isikhundla namanje futhi uMbuso Hanover. Lo mbuso onomoya elibusayo e-London watalwa izihlobo.

izici zezombangazwe

Kwathiwa adalwe umzimba ummeleli we Confederation German - umhlangano Union. Kwaba khona abangu-abameleli wonke amalungu ukuhlanganyela. Njengoba umhlangano session e Frankfurt, lo muzi lalibhekwa njengento inhlangano esisemthethweni capital. Isibalo abameleli isimo kwakuxhomeke lingakanani. Ngakho, e-Austria yayinelungelo lokugunyaza kakhulu ebandleni. Kulokhu, umzimba omele kuyaqabukela wahlangana ngamandla alo, kanye nezindaba zamanje angase ukuxazululwa nenani elincane wamavoti.

Ukudalwa Confederation German kwakudingekile lokuqala zonke States ezincane, okuyinto efuna ukugcina isikhundla ngokufanayo njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili ayehlasela sikaNapoleon. impi European shuffled umngcele phakathi eJalimane. Napoleon wadala isimo unodoli, okuyinto akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Manje principalities amancane emadolobheni khulula, washiya ngaphandle ukuvikelwa amandla ophakeme kunabo bonke umuntu sombusi njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma, uzama bazivikele omakhelwane nolaka.

Confederation laseJalimane 1815 elinesimo lugcwele izinto eziningi amafomu zezombusazwe. Abanye ohulumeni bakhe baqhubeka bephila ngaphansi autocracy, kuyilapho abanye ezimele, kanye kuphela amayunithi has sisekelo wayo siqu, okulinganisela amandla kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Revolution ka-1848

Phakathi khona we Confederation German endaweni ilungu layo uthi waqala izinguquko kwezezimboni futhi ukufukulwa komnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo saba sibi kakhulu yesigaba sabasebenzi, okwakuyigama omunye izimbangela 1848 lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. imiboniso Popular emelene nohulumeni ngesikhathi esifanayo senzeka nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise France. E-Austria, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa wayegqoka umlingisi kazwelonke - the baseHungary yafuna ukuzimela. kwaphulwa Bathi nje ngemva kokuba sifikile wangisiza kwezinhloko zamaviyo umbusi nkosi Russian Nicholas I.

Ngamanye amazwe German inguquko ka-1848 kwaholela ukuxegiswa. Kwamanye amazwe, lathatha umthethosisekelo.

Austro-Prussian neMpi kanye nokonakala

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umehluko ukuthuthukiswa komnotho phakathi namalungu ahlukahlukene umfelandawonye sikhule kuphela. Amazwe enamandla kakhulu waqala Prussia nase-Austria. Kuyinto mayelana ingxabano phakathi kwabo - mayelana abayobe united eJalimane. Abantu German ngokuya yayifuna ukuhlanganisa kwisimo esisodwa, njengoba kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

umfelandawonye German esisodwa ngeke sikwazi ukuthwala lezi ukuphikisana, kanye ngo-1866 waphula neMpi Austro-Prussian. Vienna nase-Berlin sinqume ukuxazulula ingxabano yazo amandla izikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini Prussia usebenze njengomahluleli Italy, okuyinto efuna ukungazi Venice, babengamalungu e-Austria, futhi aqedele inhlangano yabo. uthi Small German zazihlukaniswe, wema engqongeni izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo ngothango.

Prussia won sibonga impi ukuze ukuphakama kwezomnotho ehlula imbangi yakhe. Uneqhaza elikhulu ekuphumeleleni wenza edume Shansela Otto von Bismarck, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ukuphishekela umgomo wokuqinisa zwe. Ukunqoba Prussian kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi German Union yaphela kube lusizo. Yena yahlakazeka Agasti 23, 1866, ngemva kwenyanga ngemva kwempi.

Kunalokho ke Prussia wadala North-German Confederation, Nombuso German yasungulwa ngo-1871. Lalihlanganisa wonke amazwe isiJalimane, kuhlanganise wabophula ngemva kwempi waseFrance. Austria futhi inyumbazana lezi zenzakalo futhi babe amakhosi ohlanga ezimbili --Austria-Hungary. Bobabili imibuso babhujiswa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II.