UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa": incazelo, le ukwamukelwa kanye nokulandelwa kwale

amaphoyisa Russian baba amaphoyisa esikhathini esingeside esedlule. Yini sekushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa" kwavunyelwana? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukubheka isiqondiso uqobo.

Lapho zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa" kwavunyelwana?

Lo mthethosivivinywa Waqala ukusebenza ngo-2011, esikhundleni isinqumo RSFSR "Mayelana abezempi" ka-1991. Ingxoxo yephrojekthi waqala ngo-2010. I Initiator of ukwethulwa izakhi ezintsha e noWangaphakathi Dmitry Medvedev. Isenzo normative yanyatheliswa kuyi-Internet, ndawonye phezu ayizinkulungwane 20. Amazwana. Ezinye zazo ziyabhekelelwa esikhathini esizayo ukusebenza umbhalo bill esizayo.

Ngo-2010, uMongameli ezihlongozwayo ukuqamba kabusha amaphoyisa Russian amaphoyisa. Emhlabeni isiphakamiso kwaba ukuhamba eziningi ukugxekwa. Abasekeli baba nomuzwa wokuthi igama elithi "amaphoyisa" lihlotshaniswa efaneleyo, ukusebenza kahle kanye izinga lomsebenzi. ukuqamba kabusha nabaphikisi wakhuluma Umqondo umongo ezimbi, okuyinto kusolakala libhekisela izikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

52% abaphendula poll FOM, bananela iphrojekthi mahluko, 33% kubhekwe iphrojekthi engathandeki, futhi% 11 kuphela babe esivuna ukuqanjwa kabusha.

nesisekelo esingokomthetho

UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa", okungukuthi sihloko yakhe yokuqala sisungula amaphuzu mayelana nokusetshenziswa amaphoyisa. Umthetho uthi inkantolo kubhekwe kwabasebenzi ezihloselwe ukuvikela Amalungelo, kanye ezempilo impilo yezakhamuzi Russian. Imisebenzi esemqoka amaphoyisa ukuvikela komphakathi kanye nokuqeda ubugebengu.

Izindawo umsebenzi wamaphoyisa, ngokuya nge-athikili 2 yomthetho okukhulunywa kuyisivikelo emphakathini kanye ngabanye, nokuvinjelwa amacala kanye ubugebengu, wafuna abantu, ukuphoqelelwa nokuvikeleka umthetho, kanye ukulawula ukugcinwa komthetho emkhakheni umphenyi.

UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa", okungukuthi sihloko waso wesithathu ulawula kube nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela imisebenzi amaphoyisa. Lapha kufanele akhulume kuqala kunazo zonke-sisekelo isiRashiya, izivumelwano ngabanye umthetho international, iziqondiso ze-Government futhi eminye imithetho kahulumeni.

On the Izimiso womsebenzi

Izimiso eziyisisekelo ukusebenza amaphoyisa namanje Uvikela uMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa". Ikakhulukazi, Isigaba 5 yoMthetho ukhuluma kwenhlonipho nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo oluntu kanye civil eRussia. Amaphoyisa kufanele ngokunamandla neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni kanye nokusebenza izinga lesi simiso. Isimiso elilandelayo - umthetho. Ngakho, amaphoyisa kumele qualitatively bafeze imisebenzi yabo kuphela kutfotjelwa imithetho WaseRussia. Isihloko Seventh ekhuluma ngendawo ukungakhethi amaphoyisa. Amaphoyisa kumele asebenze ngokuzimisela ukumelela amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ubuzwe, uhlanga, inkolo, noma ezinye izici ehlukile.

Ukuvuleleka emphakathini - esinye isimiso esibalulekile usungula umthetho (Isigaba 8). Imisebenzi amaphoyisa kumele ubonakale ngoba ngokuphelele noma yisiphi isakhamuzi we Russian Federation. Ekugcineni, Isigaba 9 no-10 athi mayelana ithemba nozime izakhamuzi, kanye nokuxhumana nokubambisana. Ngaphandle lezi zimiso, imisebenzi amaphoyisa nje ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale.

nemisebenzi amaphoyisa

Imisebenzi yamaphoyisa usungula sihloko 12 Bill enixoxa ngalo. Ngakho, imisebenzi eyisisekelo imibutho yezokuphepha yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukwamukela kanye nokubhaliswa imiyalezo kanye nezitatimende yezakhamuzi Russian amalungelo ukwephulwa inkululeko;
• ukufika ngokushesha endaweni yesehlakalo zobugebengu kanye namacala;

• usizo lokuqala ukuba izisulu zobugebengu kanye namacala;
• ekuboneni izimbangela zobugebengu;
• ukuphepha komphakathi, kokulawulwa komphakathi;
• ukuhlinzekwa imicimbi yomphakathi (imibuthano, pickets, amamashi, njll ...);
• ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo izinga ukutakula abantu ngesikhathi eziphuthumayo;
• Ngakho emacaleni obugebengu, imibuzo kokuqhuba;
• ukuqaliswa imisebenzi okuphenya nokusebenza;
• ukuhlonza abantu, nokuningi.

UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa" usungula inombolo ngokwanele enkulu imisebenzi amalungu lesi sakhiwo.

amalungelo izikhulu

lesi sakhiwo kuqinisa amalungelo Isigaba 13 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa". Kubulawa imisebenzi yayo, amaphoyisa enikeziwe amalungelo alandelayo:

• okudinga ukumisa izenzo ezingekho emthethweni abantu;
• hlola imibhalo kanye nezitifiketi izakhamuzi umuntu, uma kukhona ubufakazi ukuhlinzeka ngezizathu zokusola kwabantu abathile emacaleni noma ubugebengu;
• kubangele umuntu ukuba izikhulu amaphoyisa noma izakhamuzi ezivamile ngaphansi uphenyo emacaleni obugebengu ezifana;

• uvakashele izinhlangano ezehlukene kanye nabangane ku ukuphenywa kokuphulwa amacala uhlobo lobugebengu noma zokuphatha;
• adinga ukuthi abantu bashiye indawo icala noma amacala;
• bahlelekela imibiko, ukuqoqa ubufakazi, ukuqhuba tekusebenta-search izinyathelo;
• ekuletheni abantu esiteshini samaphoyisa;
• ukucela Ukuhlola izicelo ezibhaliwe, nokuningi.

Umthetho "Ngo Amaphoyisa" usungula inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu amalungelo amaphoyisa. Izinhlobo ezinkulu amalungelo zihlonzwe ngenhla.

On isicelo amandla ento edaliwe

Yini uMthetho Federal of the Russian Federation (№3 FZ) "Ngo Amaphoyisa" ekusetshenzisweni amandla ento edaliwe ngabasebenzi? Ngokusho lokhu isenzo normative, amaphoyisa unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa ukusetshenziswa kodlame ezimweni ezithile ezingavamile. Ngo iphoyisa Siyanda uchungechunge izindlela ezikhethekile ngalo uyakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ento edaliwe.

isikhulu ngasinye kumelwe sibe abaqeqeshwe ukuba ngumnikazi indlela yokuzivikela, futhi isitifiketi zamakhono lochwepheshe (kwamabhuku). Ngaphansi bill, amaphoyisa angeke athweswe yokuba ukulinyazwa izakhamuzi kanye nezinhlangano ukusetshenziswa amandla ento edaliwe. Nokho, ngokweqile amandla ayo ngamaphoyisa kuhilelani umthwalo eyasungulwa umthetho we Russian Federation.

Mayelana iphoyisa

Njengoba umthetho kahulumeni (№3 FZ) "Ngo Amaphoyisa" Uzichaza iphoyisa? Impendulo Usizo ukuthi Isigaba 25 ligxile isenzo normative. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana nomthetho, iphoyisa oyisakhamuzi we Russian Federation, ekwenzeni ku yangaphakathi izindaba imizimba ngendlela yakhona. Uyatholakala iphoyisa kumele abe isikhundla ekhethekile, eqinisekisa isimo sakhe.

iphoyisa, ngokuvumelana lesi sikweletu, kulahlwe federal isigungu ngesikhathi. It wenza imisebenzi futhi abonise amalungelo ngokuhambisana incazelo ekhethekile umsebenzi. Iphoyisa kumele abe ekhethekile isitifiketi, ibheji, ibheji, iyunifomu kanye isibhamu. Njalo iphoyisa kukhonjelwe zeminwe yokubhalisa saziso (fingerprinting).

On iziqinisekiso

UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa" (umthetho eziyisisekelo echitshiyelwe 03/07/16) ubeka iziqinisekiso social eziyisisekelo zonke iphoyisa. Kulapha ivelele?

Esokuqala futhi mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu isiqinisekiso social iphoyisa kuziwa inkokhelo. Njalo iphoyisa kumele anikezwe imali okufika ngesikhathi, ngokuba izindlela nokulondeka ngokwezimali umfutho ukuze uqhubeke ukusebenza. Material nokuvikeleka iphoyisa iqondiswa umthetho waseRussia.

Iwaranti elandelayo ihlanganisa izinkokhelo umshuwalense social emaphoyiseni. Ngakho, ukufa iphoyisa, noma ithola ukuba balimale kanzima kuhilelani yokukhokha kwemithetho ethile eyenzelwe isinxephezelo umonakalo, okuholela ekwenzeni imisebenzi esemthethweni. Impilo kanye Ukuphila kwanoma imuphi iphoyisa uyakuba necala umshwalense isimo. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni.

amaphoyisa Ezezindlu isikhulu ubuye kubalulekile ukuphepha net. Njalo iphoyisa anganikwa izindawo zokuhlala eziqinile olusemthethweni ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni. Kulokhu, amaphoyisa uqobo has a izindlu isikhwama esikhethekile, ezakhiwe federal isigungu okuyinto.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, akufanele futhi ukugqamisa nezinzuzo zezenhlalo ezihlobene ngokusekelwa wezokwelapha amaphoyisa namalungu emikhaya yabo, kanye iziqinisekiso, elawula ukudlula umbutho wamaphoyisa.

Control kanye nokuqondisa

UMthetho Federal "Ngo Amaphoyisa", esenziwa ngo-February 2011, ulawula, ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, isimo kanye yomphakathi ukulawula imisebenzi amaphoyisa. Ngakho, Article 49 yomthetho okusalungiswa olucutshungulwayo kuqinisa isidingo sokulawula isakhiwo amaphoyisa kwamakamelo Federal Assembly, uMongameli we-Russian Federation uMthethosisekelo, imithetho yombuso kanye federal eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

isilawuli Public phezu amaphoyisa kumele ibe kokuqondisa Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, wemisebenzi ahlukahlukene asimeme kanye nemikhandlu zomphakathi esakhiwa ngaphansi izidumbu federal kwamandla esiphezulu.