Liquid, amanzi anosawoti on Mars: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso

Njengoba ukuhlola umkhathi abantu ngokuya sakara umqondo ukuthola ukuphila kwamanye amaplanethi. Nge ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ithuba lokuyofunda amaplanethi eseduze. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Mars - iplanethi wesine esimisweni sonozungezilanga ngokuphawulekayo nezosuku lonke eMhlabeni, kodwa uma nje-outmoded ukuphila kwakhe futhi uye selehlile phansi kakade. Iqhwa kuyinto azizifanelekeli begazi nezidalwa emkhathini, eqinile uthuli iziphepho - konke lokhu kwenza kube ezingafinyeleleki ekuphileni. Nokho, muva nje wathola amanzi on Mars kunikeza ithemba cabanga iplanethi njengoba ikhaya lesibili abantu esikhathini eside esizako.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Mars has engaba cishe kabili ezincane kuno ukuthi Zomhlaba (6780 km ngokwesilinganiso), kanye mass ezincane kakhulu (Imininingwane 10.7 amaphesenti Zomhlaba). iplanethi ezinyakazayo uzungeza ilanga kwenziwa i orbit okweqanda. Ukujikeleza Iplanethi emhlabeni axis awo senzeka amahora 24 futhi imizuzu 39, sifana Emhlabeni. Kodwa emhlabeni Sun, Mars ihamba eside kakhulu - izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-686.98 ngezindinganiso yasemhlabeni. Phobos futhi Deimos - izinyanga Iplanethi Ebomvu ezincane ezime ngendlela engavamile.

Ngaphambi on Mars, bathole amanzi, ososayensi baqala ukucabanga mayelana nokuba khona ukuphila khona. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungaba khona impilo ende kuze kubonakala eMhlabeni, kodwa kwakukhona okwakubonakala owabhubhisa imvelo nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

cwaningo

Ukwenza isifundo iplanethi zase-USSR, US, India kanye ne-European isikhala umphakathi ngo-1960

Ukuze uthole imininingwane nokwatholakala ukuthusa Kuye kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abasebenza lapho mkhathi futhi Mars Rovers "Mars", "i-Mariner», Ilukuluku, Ithuba, uMoya. Lokho uphenyo Mars yehlulekile ukwenza izithombe ezintsha kusukela ebusweni iplanethi, ukuhlola amasampula ukuze silungise khona inkungu, iqhwa namanzi.

Isithombe esicace Mars enziwa "Hubble" - enamandla kunazo isikhala isibonakude.

Ingaphezulu iplanethi

Ezindaweni elikhanyayo Mars abizwa ngokuthi amazwekazi, futhi mnyama - kwezilwandle.

Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-Mars kukhona seasonality. Ubukhulu we ofeleba polar zezingongolo ziyahlukahluka ehlobo mancane futhi sikhule ebusika. Ingaphezulu planethi ezihosheni ezimboziwe, emifantwini omkhulu, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo ezijulile, ezifakazela ukuthi umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye zomhlaba.

Iplanethi has a sezwe bushelelezi ngokumangalisayo. sezwe Ephakeme ku Nenkabazwe eningizimu kusikisela ukuthi esikhathini eside esidlule, iplanethi sihlangabezane ukushayisana abalulekile netshe elisemkhathini, ukushaywa kakhulu.

Mhlawumbe lokhu kuba ukuphela turning ngenkathi Mars ogeleza amanzi. Blow kwaholela ekwandeni kazibuthe e Nenkabazwe eningizimu ngenxa ukuhanjiswa mass yenuzi-Mars.

phansi inhlolovo

Kutholakele rover Ilukuluku primer ngezinjongo zocwaningo abangu ngaphansi Ukushisa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umswakama vaporizing waphawula. Ngemva kwalokho, i-NASA wafika ukutholakala zinkulu, ekutholeni ukuthi ngamunye imitha cubic inhlabathi iqukethe mayelana ilitha lamanzi. NeKwetfula, lapho amanzi kuyi-Mars, akekho wacabanga ukuthi cishe noma kuphi.

Ezinye izingqimba zenhlabathi ome, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi zaziwa oswakanyiswe futhi aqukethe kufike ku-4% yamanzi kwengoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingqimba engenhla manzi, kanye ngezansi bayizinkulungwane kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba ezomile. Akucaci ngasiphi isizathu umswakama okungukuthi emhlabeni engaphansi kwenhlabathi on Mars iqukethe phezulu.

Ukuphenywa kujula inhlabathi izingqimba, ekhishwa Drilling emihumeni endaweni Kutholwe kwakwakhe carbonates namanye amaminerali kusukela okuqukethwe nobumba. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi namanzi on Mars wayebuye ngesimo komhlaba.

Long amagatsha anemifantu surface womhlaba, izithombe kusuka iziphuphutheki, ingase esishwabene embhedeni kwemifula ejulile. Iqhwa ivuliwe wonke amanzi aba yiqhwa, ngaphansi okuyinto manje yamanzi okuthiwa kufihlwe. A ungqimba obukhulu ice kuvimbela ke kusukela zeqhwa, okuvumela ukugeleza ukuqhubeka ujulisa embhedeni emfuleni.

Isibhakabhaka nemisebe emhlabeni

Elinomoya-mpilo emkhathini abakwazi ukuqhosha iplanethi i-Mars. Amanzi ngesimo yebhangqa ingxenye encane kakhulu kuwo. Isibhakabhaka azinasisindo, ngakho ezingeni emisebeni lapha kuphezulu kakhulu.

Carbon dioxide eziqukethwe umkhathi kakhulu - 95%, zonke buhlanjululwe esincane nitrogen ne argon.

Amazinga isilinganiso planethi -50 ° C, kodwa kungaba phansi -140 ° C. Ngombandela, eminyakeni eminingi edlule isimo sezulu on Mars kwaba manzi futhi ukufudumala, endabeni imvula.

Imicabango kanye isiqinisekiso zabo

Sekuyisikhathi eside kungenzeka okusamanzi on Mars yavusa isintu. Ngisho ngaphandle imishini ekhethekile, izibonakude, ososayensi baye baqala ukubeka phambili umbono wokuba khona amanzi emhlabeni isikhathi eside ngaphambi satellite bokuqala abathunyelwa emkhathini.

Ngisho nangekhulu XIX Giovanni Schiaparelli wazivumela ukuba baphikise ngokuthi Mars has amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa umhlaba kukhona iziteshi eziningi, intelligence yokufakelwa. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uma amanzi ageleza on Mars, ligcwele iziteshi ezenziwe umuntu wadala njengoba ngenkasa izinhlelo ukonga kwemithombo yamanzi.

Isiqinisekiso yososayensi ukuqagela kwaba ukutholakala ketshezi iplanethi. Lesi isimo lokuqala ukuphila. Isinyathelo sokuqala ebhekiswe athuthe abantu emhlabeni esikhathini eside esizako.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi on Mars kuye kwasusa umgoqo ekuhloleni emhlabeni. Enye nokuthola ezibalulekile sibe real izinto eziphilayo.

Salt amanzi kuyi-Mars

Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana noshintsho zonyaka on Mars ukhulume ngemuva kokutholakala ofeleba elimhlophe-pole, okuyinto kwehliswa volume, luyanda.

Ngo-2011, i-NASA wenza isitatimende ukuthusa: amanzi notshwala eziye zatholakala - perchlorates, okuyinto agelezé Phansi emithambekeni yezintaba eNingizimu Nenkabazwe ezindongeni emgodini. izithombe Spectral Mars Rreconnaissance ozungeza emkhathini (MRO) kwabonisa ngokusobala ukuthi uhamba emanzini.

Amanzi agelezela entwasahlobo, ukwakha ukugeleza kwamanzi zamakhulu, futhi mayelana ezinhlanu ububanzi, futhi iphele ebusika.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi avamile ngokushesha akhanyiswe ice ngaphansi isenzo okushisa aphansi ku yeplanethi i-Mars. Kukhona umbono ukuthi usawoti ketshezi, uhlobo amanzi okugqumisa ngesisekelo ka perchloric acid, okuyinto ngenxa ukubunjwa yayo ayigongobali. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abazazi ngokuqinisekile onjani amanzi. Kodwa uma ngempela ngamanzi anosawoti on Mars, khona-ke bangaphila nezilwanyana ezincane lapho, sifana kanjani nosawoti, efana umhlaba.

Inkungu ku Iplanethi Ebomvu

Kwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga, inkungu kancane kancane livela emhlabeni ebusweni kule planethi. Lokhu kungesinye isiqinisekiso yokuthi namanzi ukhona ku-Mars. Inkungu liphuma phezu phansi ezibandayo. Iqukethe ice izinhlayiya eqandisiwe iwe ukuthi emhlabathini kwenkungu ngaphansi isisindo sakhe. Bakwazi ukuthatha isithombe "Phoenix", ekhomba phezulu laser. Ezinye izinhlayiya ice kujule phansi, ngaleyo ndlela ekuqinisekiseni exchange njalo phakathi umkhathi ebusweni amanzi.

Ebusuku inkungu iba ezijulile elele engenhla uwe okuvela eliningi emikhulu izinhlayiya zeqhwa. Amandla kanye ukuphakama futhi kuncike isikhathi sonyaka.

Iziphepho kanye neziphepho emhlabeni

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amanzi atholakala kuyi-Mars, ososayensi baye baveza lapho isenzeko ngothuli iziphepho kanye neziphepho. Isimo sezulu on Mars wayehlale abandayo futhi yomile ngokuvumelana namaqiniso nemibono evunyelwe ngaphambilini.

Yakhelwe model ukubonisa izimo Mars eminyakeni engaba ngu-3.5 billion edlule, yembula ukhona echibini ngaphambilini giant efudumele. Isitimu ukhuphuka uvela ubuso bayo, kwakhiwa ifu, okuvela kulo ke lina ishq. Lokhu kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi umhlaba ungakwazi bagcine neqhwa iziphepho.

Ngo-2015, Ithuba rover wathatha izithombe ze-panoramic we omkhulu uthuli uSathane. Umfowabo uMoya ngokuphindiwe wenza izithombe okuthi akufane ngaphambili. Kodwa kulesi sikhathi lapho kunenkanyamba kwaba usayizi ngempela emangalisayo ezinkulu, alibeke ngasesitha surface iplanethi sika.

Umoya ipheshulwa lapho kuneziphepho bathwale isihlabathi, uthuli, futhi ukufinyelela isivinini kuze kube eziyikhulu amamitha ngomzuzwana.

ocean Mars

Made in the 70 of izithombe ukubonisa ukuthi Mars ebesingandile wolwandle owawuhlanganisa kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ukuba khona anemifantu e ebusweni ibonisa khona amachibi amakhulu nasemifuleni.

Izifundo usebenzisa radar enamandla yabonisa ukuthi ezijulile ngaphansi kongqimba lwesihlabathi inhlabathi afihliwe izinguzunga zeqhwa omkhulu. MRO wembulani isingamakhilomitha amakhulu amakhilomitha kusuka North Pole ukuze zeqhwa yenkabazwe. Water on Mars ngesimo ice itholakala ezijulile ngaphansi unyawo zokwakheka entabeni, ngaphakathi asemigodini yezintaba-mlilo.

Lokho ezijulile canal simiso singase sikwazi kwakuthiwa elasungulwa ezikude izilwandle esidlule. Iziteshi ngokwabo kungenzeka yini uvele ngenxa lava kwemali, isihlabathi, amatshe kanye ice ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. umsebenzi Volcanic kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukiseni a yenqwaba igesi, okwakuyigama imbangela emihumeni omkhulu.

Ukuphuza amanzi kuyi-Mars

ososayensi Melika hypothesized ngaphambilini Mars kwadingeka esiningi uketshezi, okuyinto kancane kancane uhlelo emhumeni. Phela, emhumeni baba yemvelo isitoreji ngokwemvelo eyakheke, mhlawumbe ngisho amanzi, okuyinto kungenzeka ukuthi ngabe ngilokhu ngikhonale ukuphuza.

Ngo amasampula kusuka amaminerali Mars Kwatholakala, kuhlanganise i-carbon, adingekayo ukuze asekele ukuphila komuntu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iplanethi esake amanzi okuphuza. Ukutholakala uketshezi ahlanzekile ibonisa ukuthi Mars kwadingeka izimo sokuthuthukisa umhlaba nempilo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhi mkhondo organic akwazi ukuxoxa iplanethi kuvela emkhathini, kanti asteroyidi, ngubani babhekana ubuso bayo, njengoba kufakazelwa asemigodini eziningi. Ngakho-ke kugcwale umlomo ukuthi i-Mars bathole amanzi alungele ukuphuzwa, kanti akunakwenzeka.

Le mfumbe imigede komhlaba kodwa ukuba ixazululwe, ku wakhe aphule ezingqondweni zabo ososayensi best in the world. Kodwa ukuthola ukwehluleka esitfombeni, izimbobo ku yeplanethi i-Mars, futhi ngalolo kungashiya kanye emanzini kusikisela ukuba khona yayo ejulile nasemihumeni.

Kungakhathaliseki kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Mars etholakalayo?

Ucwaningo Iplanethi Ebomvu uyaqhubeka. Ngokuqinisekile kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi kuyi-Mars, amanzi, futhi ukuphila cishe begazi ngesimo amagciwane lapho. Ukucinga ngempumelelo ngaphezulu, kuyoba mnandi ukuthumela uhambo ucwaningo iplanethi, kodwa okwamanje lo mbono ungaphakathi esigabeni ukuhlela.

Ukuze ndizela Mars, kuzothatha isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka. I osomkhathi ziyolahlekelwa izakhiwo kulinganiselwe ukunyakaza, asikwazi wageza, futhi kuyodingeka badle ezinye ukudla okusemathinini. Umuntu akakwazi ukuba isikhathi eside endaweni evalelekile. Lisongela ukuqwasha, ukucindezeleka eside nezinye izifo zezinzwa.

Kuze kube manje, indoda kangaka isikhala wayengakabi engozini nokulahlekelwa muscle and bone izicubu ngaphansi kwethonya gravity yokufakelwa. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuthola Spaceman ebhodini ISS ilingana nengxenye ngonyaka.

I bamakoloni lokuqala asikwazi ukuba izingane, umphumela emisebeni nomphumela olimazayo yokwakheka isidoda. Futhi, emisebeni akuvunyelwe ukuba phezu ngaphandle spacesuit, kungaba ibangelwa Zomhlaba Isayensi izifo ezingaziwa.

Nakuba kwakuthiwa kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni iplanethi kungenzeka, kodwa ukuze afeze izinyathelo zokuqala ekufezeni umgomo, kudingeka eside izifundo le planethi, ukuthuthukiswa imishini yakamuva uhambo yimpumelelo kuye izindlela eziphumelelayo ukundlula wethonya elonakalisayo Mars nomuntu.