Monopoly - kuphambene emakethe ukuncintisana

Monopoly - kuphambene emakethe ukuncintisana. It libhekene khona eyodwa umdayisi nomkhiqizi kuphela, okuyinto oluthatha isikhala lonke emakethe umkhiqizo noma isevisi. Okuphambene mkhuba - a monopsony, lapho igunya has umthengi emakethe eyodwa kuphela umkhiqizo noma isevisi.

okunguye yedwa Perfect - lawa izimo emakethe lapho mkhiqizo akhiqizwa unikalizirovan monopolist futhi ayinaso imikhiqizo esikhundleni, akunakwenzeka ukuba hit emakethe ngoba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi umenzi ophethe wonke amandla ezandleni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, monopolist kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ezithinta zamanani, kodwa kulokhu amandla akhe namanje elinganiselwe.

Ithola inzuzo kule makethe kuphezulu kakhulu. Yingakho umkhakha ukuheha bangaphandle kakhulu, kodwa indlela monopolies uhlushwa ekuncintisaneni okushubile ezinjalo? Kanjani ukuphasa aqukethe ukuhlaselwa bese uqhubeke linqobe? Ukuze wenze lokhu, cabanga izinhlobo monopolies :

1. Yemvelo. Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi izimboni ukuthi ukunikeza umphakathi izinsiza ezibalulekile, ezifana nogesi, amanzi, igesi, ezokuthutha (isb, ezokuthutha ezisemadolobheni), njll

Kulokhu, ukunikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo emakethe ushibhile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukukhiqizwa buya kahle.

Kukhona irejista monopolies yemvelo, okuyinto iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezinhlangano olulodwa ngokwezimali okuhilelekile.

2. monopoly ngokuya ukulawula inhlangano kwemithombo yemvelo ezingavamile noma ulwazi. Uma inkampani has imithombo ekhethekile (uwoyela, njengesibonelo) noma ulwazi (patent), kungaba linqobe imakethe lokuthi - umnikazi wabo kuphela.

3. ayitholwa isimo - isimo emakethe, okuyinto ngenxa esinakho zemvelo (isib izitimela). Libuye libe Eqinisweni okuholela ngenxa yokuthi kunoma iyiphi legatsha ukuthutheleka izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, nezinye izinhlobo kungavunyelwe (isibonelo, emkhakheni ezithumela kwamanye amazwe).

4. Bilateral esinakho - isimo emakethe lapho umthengi-monopsonist kuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizi-ayitholwa (isibonelo, lapho monopolist inikeza isevisi esimweni - kuphela lomthengi yalolu hlobo yesevisi).

Kukhona into efana mncintiswano monopolistic. Kuyinto uhlobo isakhiwo emakethe, lapho isamba esikhulu nabathengisi noma abakhiqizi nikeza emakethe nge efanayo, kodwa hhayi ngokufana ncamashí umkhiqizo ofanayo okungukuthi izinga ezahlukene, umklamo noma yimuphi omunye izimpawu. Izimpahla ezikhiqizwayo ngaphansi kwezimo wokuncintisana monopolistic, bakha kwelinye igatsha kanye emakethe eyodwa (isib, wokuxubha, nezemidlalo, iziphuzo ezingenayo i-oludakayo).

Ngakho, okunguye yedwa - esimweni lapho amandla angakaNkulunkulu umdayisi noma nomkhiqizi. Kodwa uma kukhona abathengi abaningi, lesi simo esidabukisayo emakethe. Ngokuvamile monopolist kunciphisa okukhipha futhi uvusa intengo izimpahla.