Medicine yangaphakathi

Igama elithi "izifo yangaphakathi" libhekisela yezifo izitho zangaphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ukulimala kwezinso, endocrine kanye iziyaluyalu umzimba. Lihlanganisa eside futhi yimuphi isifo umgudu wokuphefumula futhi isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Ngokwesibonelo, izilonda esiswini, kolwelwesi nge amazinga ehlukene asidi, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, inyumoniya, nokunye. N. Futhi zihlanganisa izifo zezinzwa izicubu uhlelo, ethintekile isimiso semithambo yegazi. imithi yabo abathintekayo udokotela.

Waqaphela imithi yangaphakathi nezindlela ezivamile zocwaningo oqondile (lokhu kwenziwa ucwaningo isiguli, eshaywayo, palpation, auscultation, ukuhlolwa) nowezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindlela kwamakhemikhali kungakanani abakwaziyo kanye nokuhlola ikhompyutha (qapha ukubhekwa Endoscopy, ukuhlola radionuclide, ultrasound). Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "imithi yangaphakathi" libhekisela egameni isiyalo etadisha isizathu esenza kukhona futhi kanjani ukuthuthukisa ezihlukahlukene nezifo.

kuphindze kutfutfukise likhono izindlela ukuze kutholwe zabo, nokwelashwa (ngaphandle ukuhlinzwa nemisebe). Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19, umlando walesi yokujeziswa, kanye emlandweni wezokwelapha bebonke. ngodonga Hlukanisa phambi sikhathi babe kuphela wokubelethisa nezifo ukuhlinzwa. izifo Yangaphakathi kungukuthi ihlukaniswe ngokwengqondo, abesifazane, izingane, kanye nabanye. Nokho, ekuqaleni ukuvela izikole ezahlukene wabekwa "wemithi" UHippocrates, udokotela ngobukhulu wasendulo wamaRoma uGalen, sazi esivelele Ibn-Sina East kanye nezinye abelaphi olukhulu esikhathini esidlule.

"Internal Medicine" njengoba isihloko yesayensi wathola imfuneko ukuthuthukiswa kanye eziye zatholwa ekhulwini le-19 kule ndawo wezokwelapha. Ngakho, ngalesi sikhathi, pathologists bathole ukuthi izifo ezithile kanye nezinguquko ezithile isici morphological ezindikimbeni efanele. Kwakumelwe izimpumelelo Physiology sokugembula. Wafunda imithetho ukuthi zisenza sibe izinqubo isifo futhi ukugeleza yabo. Thuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ngesikhathi isifundo nesineke (auscultation, eshaywayo, njll). Bacteriology wavula Amagciwane ezazingaziwa.

ERussia, izisekelo isiyalo wabeka AA OSTROUMOV, M. Ya. Mudrov, GA Zakhar'in, S. P. Botkin. Ukuthuthukiswa Its eminye okwenzeka, sakhela phezu impumelelo wesayensi ezifana nechemistry, i-physics kanye biology. Kukhula ulwazi zanqwabelana ubunjalo isifo, mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani kubo, khona-ke ukwelashwa, the more it kutawufaka sandla kwamangqamuzana wezokwelapha emtholampilo. Kamuva, e Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Neurology, Pediatrics, wezifo zengqondo, Awezesikhumba elavelela ezingxenyeni zalo ehlukile. Okwamanje, imithi yangaphakathi, eyaziwa nangokuthi imithi yangaphakathi, imithi yangaphakathi, imithi yangaphakathi, ahlale esinye sezifundo ezinkulu emitholampilo ezifundiswa ezikoleni zokwelapha. Ngaphezu Iingaba ezingehla afakiwe wakhe nezenhliziyo, wezifo zamathambo, Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonology futhi Haematology.

Lokhu isiyalo kuyisifundo esiphathelene nokufuna zocwaningo ehlanganisiwe ukuqeqeshwa oqabulayo odokotela. Nemakhono labawatfolile phakathi nokuqeqeshwa Ungadlala indima ekulu emsebenzini udokotela ngokuya kuyashesha ukuthuthukiswa bemishini yezokwelapha. Ubunjalo imithi langaphakathi sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa ezihlukahlukene izidakamizwa amathuba zokwelapha ezintsha (defibrillation kwenhliziyo, ukwethulwa izidakamizwa Umthambo noma izimbobo emazinyweni, plasmapheresis). Konke lokhu kuzovumela ochwepheshe ngenkuthalo ukuthonya Yiqiniso lesi sifo. Lezi zici, saholela ukuvela izinkinga ezingeni kwesimilo umthetho. Basitshela kokubili ubudlelwane phakathi kwesiguli udokotela, kanye nendlela lapho kuvunyelwe kokungenela zokwelapha kanye kusebenta kwahulumende.