Uhlu nezandiso. Indlela ukuhlukanisa isandiso kusukela isiphawulo? Uyini isandiso ngesiRashiya

Ngamunye wethu namanje esikoleni ujwayelene nalesi tenkhulumo njengoba isandiso. Thina ngenkuthalo ukuzisebenzisa enkulumweni yansuku zonke, is hhayi ucabanga yini imithetho noma izimiso kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela.

Nokho, kufanele baqonde umqondo yini isandiso ngesiRashiya? Ngokusho izincwadi imithetho eside lichazwa ngokuthi ingxenye EsiZulwini asinayo yokukhuluma, okubonisa uphawu isenzo esiphelele, isimo into noma into izinga, futhi kunendima iziphakamiso izimo noma izincazelo sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula. Liphendula umbuzo "kanjani"?

Tandziso alethe kuwe inkulumo kwethu kube nenjongo kakhudlwana, ukunemba nokuthola imiva. Ukuze lesifanele kwemisho, ngaphakathi okuyinto kuwufanele le ngxenye kwenkulumo, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukubaluleka kwendima yayo sitayela semantic.

Ukubhala izinhlayiya hhayi tandziso e -O (e). ukusetshenziswa conjunctive

Cabanga nokuveza non izinhlayiya nge tandziso ephela ngo -O (e). Indima izinhlayiya abekho isiRashiya kubonakala ukuphika bese kwakhiwa kwemagama.

1. Into ye kungekho tandziso e -O (e) ebhaliwe ndawonye, uma kumiswa amagama amasha kanye nezincazelo okuphambene. Kunalokho, kungenzeka ukuba angene esikhundleni emagama lafanako, engesiyo lingekho. Uhlu tandziso: ezinhle (ekuqaleni izwi - ezimbi); abanye abakwazi ukufunda (igama lesiGreki elisetshenziswe - kahle); vala (igama lesiGreki elisetshenziswe - kude). Okuhlukile mazwi: hhayi ngokushesha (ngokushesha), akusilo ize (ize), hhayi ngephutha (by chance), ngenhloso (ngenhloso).
2. I kuyizinhlayiyana akuyona exhunywe tandziso engaqinisekile futhi okungekuhle. Izibonelo: asikho isidingo (kungani), ayikho indawo (lapho).
3. Uma igama ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle izinhlayiya: kuyindida engaqondile ulondekile, kungalindelekile, bokuhamba, inobudlabha.
4. Uma uhlelo, kodwa ukuphikiswa inyunyana: ukukhuluma kancane, kodwa egcizelela.

ukusetshenziswa ahlukene

Cabangela esinye isipelingi tandziso e -O (e):

1. ngokubhala Hlukanisa kwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi uhlelo has phikisa inyunyana njengoba: ecabanga akusiyo kokuhle nokubi; fly high and low; Ngivakashele kanini futhi kuyaqabukela; ayizange izwakale elikhulu futhi bazole.
2. Uma isandiso lihlotshaniswa amagama, hhayi kude, nangayiphi indlela, ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo, ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo, njll Izibonelo: azizona iziphukuphuku, akuphephile neze sekwephuzile.

Indima ethi

Collocations nge tandziso atholakala cishe zonke izinhlobo lexico-nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Kuye titfo tenkhulumo, okuyinto oluthatha indiba ekulu, zihlukaniswa: imishwana ngamazwi, ngokulinganisa kanye tandziso.

1. Ngo isenzo nemishwana sizogxila esicacile sento. Zikhona nezinye izimo lapho ingane yigama lwesigodi uqobo. Isibonelo: ukwenza ngendlela, ukunquma kufanele.
2. Igama ibinzana indima esemqoka kunikezwa izingxenye eziningana yokukhuluma. Collocations nge tandziso njengoba namalungu yesibili ingase ihlanganise emabito netichasiso. ISIBONELO elihlangana isakhiwo ibizo: ukuhamba, pilaf e-Korean. ISIBONELO coupling isakhiwo Isiphawulo: eliye ashisayo ngokuphawulekayo ebucayi.
3. Oluthatha isikhundla esemqoka (secondary) e imishwana tandziso, akasekho ukungabaza. Isibonelo isakhiwo tandziso ezimbili: bayiziphukuphuku, namanje okuhle ngempela. Isibonelo imishwana nomunye ibizo: eduze kwepaki, ngaphambi nje kokuba ophumayo, wedwa noyise.

Isandiso kanye isiphawulo - yini umehluko?

Kube nenkinga ezibalulekile ekutadisheni zezigodi kuba mbuzo lokufanayo yabo futhi umehluko kanye isiphawulo.

Ngakho, indlela yokwahlukanisa isandiso kusukela isiphawulo?

Okokuqala, ukungabi amazwi engaphansi echaziwe. Ngokuhlangana isandiso ngamazwi ngokuvamile udlala indima izimo. Ngesikhathi isiphawulo okungukuthi, ngokwako amazwi wancika ngokwengeziwe ababekanye naye, futhi wavuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, tiphawulo abawela kalula njengoba bondzaweni emi ngapha nangapha ezakho kubo, njengoba ibizo.

Okwesibili, amagama afanayo nencazelo efanayo kungathatha indawo omunye-ke - ke, akukho lutho - lutho, ekuqaleni - lokuqala, njll Miselela tiphawulo kuphela ngomunye isiphawulo, noma elinye igama titfo tenkhulumo :. An endlini ezingenalutho - in a khulula indlu.

Ngakho, thina esiphethweni kanjani ukuhlukanisa isandiso kusukela isiphawulo ngolimi Russian. Izinhlinzeko esifanayo abasebenza nalapho kuyadingeka ukuze lihlukaniswe zebizo, izabizwana netinombolo. Izinyunyana zihlukaniswa umsebenzi wabo zezinzwa phakathi kwamalungu eyohlobo, kanye izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi noma wonke umusho.

lamadigri ukuqhathanisa

Uma iqhaza ekudaleni qualitative tiphawulo netandziso, ke degree eqhathanisa lekuchatsanisa lelisetulu.

ifomu Ukuqala	izindlela Ezemfundo (Isijobelelo)	degree Isibonelo ngokuqhathanisa
kancane	-ee-	kancane
ngokushesha	-ey-	ngokushesha
ubudala	-she-	abaphezulu
ngokujulile	-zhe-	ezijulile

Luyamangalisa nemfundo yayo

Tandziso luyamangalisa ube ifomu ebalulekile. Kujwayele ihlanganisa eqhathanisa ezimbili izabizwana - wonke umuntu nayo yonke into.

ifomu Ukuqala	ISIBONELO luyamangalisa
kancane	okulengayo
kuyisidina	esheshayo
ubudala	phezu kwakho konke
ezijulile	lishonile kunesikhumba wonke

tandziso qualitative

Imixhantela ezimbili ezibaluleke kunazo zonke zibizwa ngokuthi izinga ukuxoshwa kanye bezimo. Umsuka kungacacisa ukuthi izinga isinyathelo izimisele (okuthiwa - isenzo isandiso), noma imfanelo ukuthi uwukubonakaliswa tichasiso.

Cabanga uhlu tandziso kufakwe isigaba izinga nezibonelo ngokusebenzisa kwawo:

• Bale midlalo ukucula, sineka ngendelelo lolungenamaphutsa ukuvikela ngenhloso entwasahlobo-efudumele ethule, ngokunakekela, nezinye ngokucophelela.
• tandziso qualitative ngokuvamile ukudlala indima epithet, okuyinto ngokucace ikhombisa tento isinyathelo: "Ngiqinisile ngithi futhi regally kwakusebusuku" (kusuka indzaba Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva).
• tandziso qualitative ngaphansi amandla ukwakha nokuhlola subjective, okusho okhulisa, amancane, isilwane noma abating. Leli fomu ngokuvamile nobuntu Enkulumweni eyayivame, isibonelo: nedavnenko kude, kude, tyazhelenko, nabanye alilihle.

Beka tandziso belinani izinga

tandziso quantitative, njengoba iqeqebana ngaphakathi ukubaluleka lisho:

1. Izinga noma ngokwezinga yezenzo izimpawu: kancane enze kancane baphuthuma, emdala.
2. Amandla isinyathelo: uvalwe tie.
3. Ukunemba: phakathi kobusuku, cishe noma ingaba isentimitha nje.

isandiso okunjalo kunikeza izimpendulo zale mibuzo:

• Kungakanani?
• Kungakanani?
• Ukuze lokho ngesilinganiso?

Uhlu tandziso nesikhatsi izibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwabo: podspustit amadala kathathu kancane, sekwephuzile, njll Ngaphezu tento ingachazwa nemabito :. Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, kabili ukhishwa kanye nabanye.

tandziso tandziso

Nge tandziso tandziso isimo ungaboniswa ngesikhathi isikhala izizathu kanye nezinjongo. Batinikela incazelo tento, tiphawulo nemabito: ntambama, ekuseni, kusukela kudala, yonke indawo, kwesokudla, izdrevne, ngamabomu, ekude.

Ikhwalithi kanye tandziso tandziso kwakhiwa esinye isigaba - qualitative bezimo, itholakala endaweni ethile phakathi. Kulokhu, sebenzisa imibuzo:

• Kanjani?
• Kanjani?
• Ngayiphi indlela?

Futhi zihlanganisa tandziso, kwehlisa ngezinombolo, futhi eveza kucatsanisa nokwenziwa. Uhlu zezigodi iwe ukuthi ngaphansi esigabeni qualitative bezimo: at, ukubhukuda, ngokuzwakalayo, ndawonye, sobahlanu, wedwa, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ocabanga ukuthi, ngicabanga, ngendlela bobungani.

tandziso yekwenta noma isimo isigaba

tandziso yekwenta kukhona namaqembu amakhulu titfo tenkhulumo, anenani isimo nokwenza indima isilandiso. Ngokuvamile, "ukuphila" isilandiso enjalo ngemisho angenazo izici zobuntu.

Isimo libhekisela kokubili izidalwa eziphilayo (ngobuqotho, sad, sad) futhi ukuze izwe ngaphandle (stuffy, ewumngcingo, ivulekile yezimvula). Tandziso ungakwazi, uxolo, ngeke bakwazi, kanye (kanye nabanye) kukhona tandziso self-yekwenta.

Ukuzisebenzisa kahle tandziso kuzosiza ukwenza inkulumo yakho ngendlela efanele futhi kahle

Ukuqhathanisa tandziso ezigabeni ezahlukene kusiza ukuqonda imithetho yokusetshenziswa yabo bobabili zibhalwe futhi ngomlomo. Ukusebenzisa kwabo ayilungile kungaholela esimweni kunalokho ukwazi. Enkulumweni lesizukulwane esidala zingatholakala amazwi akusebenzi futhi amagama ejwayelekile nemizana ezithile zasemaphandleni: ottudova (esikhundleni out), olwabo (esikhundleni sawo), nonche (esikhundleni namuhla), owangaphakathi (kunokuba ngaphakathi), kanye nabanye abaningi.

Izinkinga eziningi ingasuka ukusetshenziswa isandiso interrogative futhi isihlobo "lapho". Kunalokho, lapho ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nezinye isandiso interrogative futhi isihlobo - "lapho". Ngakho, inkulumo ethi "Lapho zapropastilas?" "Kuphi?", "Lapho ngikhona gone?" ashintshwa athi "Lapho zapropastilas?", "Uphi na?" futhi "Uphi kwesokunxele?".

Nge isandiso izinto "esibi" izinto ezifanayo: ukusetshenziswa kwalo akusho eyokwenza ukhulume izinto zethu akukho bazwakale njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala, kodwa kunalokho usona-ke. lokhu imele ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i isandiso "kakhulu" ngamazwi abonisa okuthile okuhle :. kakhulu esihle kakhulu amahle, okwesabisayo njll ezimnandi in imishwana enjengethi babe luhlaza amagama anzima futhi affectation. Ngokuvamile yakhetha i ababhali abafana reception ukwengeza umkhiqizo wabo nezinhlamvu ezimbi noma uhlamvu kuyindida.

Lutho ewusizo ngeke akunike isandiso futhi "kunzima" uma njalo esikhundleni Ngamanye amazwi kubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, "igalelo eziqinile" (esikhundleni "kakhulu hit"), "kwasemini kanzima" (esikhundleni "kwasemini ezinabantu"), "Ijaji kanzima tesifundvo" (esikhundleni "owayeyazi kahle isihloko"), kanye nabanye.

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa lwesigodi kulenkhulumo, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izici zabo ethize. Ngakho, isandiso "fast" iyindawo kuphela izincazelo imicabango nemizwa yomuntu: ucabanga kanzima, kunzima ngizithola okusheshayo ungaqiniseki, kanye nabanye.

Kuhle kokusho imishwana tautological lapho isandiso ibekwe eduze isabizwana somuntu wokuqala: "Mina ngokwami bakholwa ukuthi akulungile"; "Mina ngokwami abanandaba"; "Thina mathupha ukuya eholidini"; "Mina uqobo lwakho ucabanga ukuthi manje ulele" nabanye.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isandiso anjalo esikhathini isiRashiya, njengoba "buthule", kwakhiwa kusukela Isiphawulo esithi "buthule" kungase kuthathe indawo gerund athule. Umlisa ogama inkulumo likhona esikhundleni ezinjalo kungenzeka kubonakale futhi bengafundile, imishwana yakhe songenangqondo.

Izibonelo: "Yena buthule walinyathela etafuleni futhi ngathatha incwadi"; "Hunter wabukela buthule inyamazane"; "Amaphoyisa olwenziwa usesho athule" nabanye.

Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okunjalo ajivazayo tandziso ungenziwa kuphela konakalisa inkulumo yethu. isiRashiya kunzima, kodwa enhle, ngakho Arm belazi futhi ukwazi ukukhuluma nokubhala ngokuzethemba!