Ngubani Democritus? izinto ezibonakalayo Democritus

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eGrisi lasendulo wayengunina imiqondo zamanje wefilosofi nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi ezaziwayo. Kuyinto kusukela kuleli zwe beza kithi izimfundiso zefilosofi zasendulo zesiGreki ososayensi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka emhlabeni, kuhlanganise engqondo.

U-Aristotle, Plato-Archimedes, uDiogenes, uSocrates, Democritus, Leucippus, esingumGreki nabanye abaningi baba abasunguli njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi ezinkulu zesayensi. Kusekelwe izimfundiso, ngcono, noma imibono yabo entsha eziphikisanayo.

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kabanzi mayelana ngubani Democritus. Ezabantu efana Aristotle uSocrates, cishe, zaziwa ngisho nezingane. Ngo yesimanje izifundo umlando esikoleni laba bantu ngempela ukusho. Kodwa amagama Democritus, esingumGreki, Leucippus eyaziwa emibuthanweni iyincane phakathi abantu abakhethe ifilosofi isisekelo emkhakheni wabo. Izimfundiso lezi zefilosofi kukhona okuningi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezijulile ukuqonda.

Ngubani Democritus

Democritus (Latin Demokritos.) - Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki. Wazalwa cishe ngo-460 BC futhi wahlala 360 BC. Okufanela eyinhloko Democritus - le mfundiso atomistic, umsunguli okuyinto eye waba.

I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa wesazi sefilosofi, akekho owaziyo. Abanye ososayensi wesikhathi umangalele ukuthi wazalwa ngo-460 BC. e, nezinye -. 470 BC. e. Kulokhu, kahle ngithi ngubani kwesokudla, akunakwenzeka.

Yiqiniso, biography Democritean ayikwazi kuchazwe ngokuphelele. Kunezindlela eziningi amaqiniso anembile. Nokho, kuphephile ukukhuluma mayelana nomsuka walo sefilosofi kusukela lomkhaya ocebile.

indlela yokuphila

UDiogenes Laertius lidlule legend ukuthi isazi sefilosofi bafunda kulokho abakuzwa ngokuqondene amaMagi namaKaledi, babekhona ngoba inkosi yasePheresiya uyise ngubani. Inganekwane ethile ithi isipho yadluliselwa ukwazisa iqiniso lokuthi ibutho uXerxes wondliwa sedina lapho badabula yaseThrace - umuzana okuhlala kuwo Democritus.

Democritus kakhulu othanda ukuhamba. Ngakho-ke, ifa elicebile sasetshenziswa nje ukuthi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Democritus wavakashela okungenani 4 zithi - eGibhithe, ePheresiya, India neBhabhiloni.

Kwakuzoba nenkathi empilweni wesazi sefilosofi, lapho ehlala e-Athens futhi wafundelwa emibhalweni USocrates. Futhi, kunobufakazi bokuthi Democritus ngenkathi wabonwa Anaxagoras.

"Ukuhleka" Isazi sefilosofi

Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi bakhe abakuqondanga ngobani Democritus. Wayevame kwesokunxele edolobheni lakhe ngenjongo zobumfihlo. Ukuze abalekele umsindo befuna, wayevakashela emathuneni. Democritus ukuziphatha ngokuvamile ongaziwa kwahluka: wayengathi wavele wahleka ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngenxa nje yokuthi izinkinga zabantu wamshaya njengoba ezihlekisayo. Ngenxa yalesi sici yokuziphatha kwakhe ukuthi wabizwa ngokuthi "isazi sefilosofi elihlekayo".

Abaningi babekholelwa sefilosofi siyinqaba. Nakuba UHippocrates ngokukhethekile abamenyiwe ngoba uphethwe - udokotela odumile isikhathi, futhi zashiya izibazi okwamanje. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umhlangano sefilosofi kwakuwubufakazi bokuthi Democritus banempilo futhi engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Futhi, udokotela waphawula ingqondo ezicashile wesazi sefilosofi.

Works of Democritus

igama Democritus lihlotshaniswa okuvela a Theory Philosophy eyisiSekelo - atomism. Lo mbono ihlanganisa isayensi ezifana physics, Cosmology, epistemology, Psychology futhi izimiso zokuhle. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mbono futhi eziyinkinga united ezikoleni ezintathu ezinkulu lasendulo ngesiGreki zefilosofi: Pythagorean, Eleatic futhi Milesian.

Ososayensi bathi Democritus ngesikhathi sakhe kwaba umbhali lwamapheshana abizwa ezingefani ezingaphezu kuka-70. Sicu lesitsi lezi imisebenzi emibhalweni uDiogenes Laertes - ke ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye ososayensi wabhala, ngubani Democritus. Ngokuvamile, amapheshana babe tetralogy wesayensi ahlukahlukene - izibalo, i-physics, imithetho yokuziphatha, izincwadi, ulimi, isicelo sciences kanye ne-ngisho imithi.

Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Democritus ayebhekwa umbhali wencwadi "Incwadi lamaKaledi" futhi "Ngo imibhalo engcwele eBhabhiloni." Lokhu kungenxa ukuthi legend, kwamiswa ukuqeqeshwa sefilosofi abajikelezayo.

izinto ezibonakalayo Democritus

Le filosofi omele ovelele izinto ezibonakalayo atomistic. Democritus wagomela ngokuthi izwe elizungezile ngokuvumelana bezibona sezinzwa, kushintshashintsha, ahlukahlukene. Yonke into eyenziwe ndaba futhi ukungabi nalutho. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho igama elithi "athomu" yethulwa njengoba ingxenye kulencane indivisible wazo zonke izinto. imfundiso Democritus uthi umhlaba wonke yenziwa ngama-athomu, okuyinto ukuhambisa kule sikhala.

Le filosofi kwaba inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela okuvela vortex maphakathi Earth, okwakubekelwa ezakhiwe ukushayisana-athomu isisindo ehlukene, isayizi shape. Ngenxa athomu impahla kuyasiza indivisible waphakade, kukhona inani elikhulu athomu isisindo ezahlukene kanye shape. Ngenxa yalokho, Okwamanje awunakho okuqukethwe, futhi ndawonye bakha into iyashintsha ngenxa ukunyakaza njalo esikhaleni nje.

Postulates ka atomism Democritus isicelo izimfundiso ngokuphila umphefumulo. Ngokwalokho akuloba, yonke into ephilayo has a umphefumulo, kodwa ngamunye ngokwezinga ezahlukene. Ukuphila nokufa - kuwumphumela noqhekeko we kwakwakhe noma ama-athomu. Democritus bathi umphefumulo - i association of ekhethekile "amalangabi" zama-athomu, okuyinto, empeleni okwesikhashana. Kususelwa ngalezo zinto Umbono wokuthi yokungafi komphefumulo bazala.