Umbusi yokuqala yombuso wakwa-Israyeli. Ababusi-Israyeli nakwaJuda wasendulo

Ngokusho kwemithombo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-Encyclopedia samaJuda Brockhaus futhi Efron (EEBE), umbuso wakwa-Israyeli yasungulwa ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye BC umprofethi uSamuweli. Igama lalo muntu (Transkei. IsiHebheru. Samuweli) lisho ukuthi "uNkulunkulu asizwe." Wabalwa zinyanga umprofethi kweBhayibheli nomahluleli odumile Israyeli. USamuweli wahlala isikhathi esinzima lapho abantu bamaJuda kwakuyinkathi yokululama udlame inter-yezizwana ezingqubuzana nezinye izizwe. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi yabaHluleli inzalo Ioakova isihlakazeka ibe izizwe kweshumi, esekelwe nokuzwelana, okwakubekelwa ihambisana nezenzo ukuhlaselwa mutual nabameleli kwabhujiswa a "knee". Ngokwesibonelo, hlobo luni sibhicongo efim futhi esizweni sakwaBhenjamini kwaholela engaphezu kuka-90 000 bafe ukuze Israyeli. Izizwe babe abayimizulane futhi ngokwengxenye umzimba futhi kwadingeka njengohlobo oluthile abaholi zokwahlulela, okuyothi kungaba, nabaprofethi (ngumbusi wokuqala woMbuso Israyeli, uSamuweli), ngisho ladies (uDebora).

Inkathi yabaHluleli

Amandla amajaji wawutholakala ikakhulu esekelwe igunya zokuziphatha futhi ayinawo amandla okuphatha, ibutho njalo futhi intela jikelele. Lezi "amaphutha" wazama ukulungisa Umsunguli umbusi wokuqala woMbuso Israyeli, uSamuweli, owaba Converter analo ngabantu bakhe. Wawashaya amaFilisti futhi wawahlula (yamaFilisti njengomkakhe indondo likhishwa Umphongolo Wesivumelwano), izizwe Israeli babe munye futhi uSamuweli wabiza ekuphendukeni eMispa. Lapha lo mprofethi waze ngokwanele ukukhulisa imimoya abantu bakhe, ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuba balahle ijogwe amaFilisti, sesibuyela shrine yakhe (ngokusho legend, uMphongolo akhethiwe zabangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kubanikazi abasha ukuthi babeyoba uncamela uyibuyisele emuva).

Bacela uMprofethi mayelana nenkosi

Ezemfundo tsarstvae Israyeli ngaphansi kobuholi uSamuweli, ephelezelwa ukudalwa izikole abaprofethi, okuyinto yasakazwa ngokushisekela izwe kanye nokufundiswa komphakathi. The Prophet owayengumbusi size siguge, futhi kakhulu ngcono isikhundla kwezikhonzi zakhe, kodwa amadodana akhe, uJoweli futhi Avy babe isifumbathiso-abanazo ngakho ama-Israyeli acelwa ukuba agqoke inkosi "abantu." USamuweli waxwayisa kungenzeka ecela despotism, wakhetha indodana yabo ukuba abe yinkosi kaKishi, elithi Sawulu.

Inkosi yokuqala yakwa-Israyeli kwaba ukuthi Imi ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye abantu

USawule, ngokusemthethweni umbusi yokuqala yombuso wakwa-Israyeli ngemva lo mprofethi, ngokweBhayibheli, wayemude kakhulu, uyathandeka yena, nesibindi nesibindi empini. Yena ngemva okugcoba umbuso waqhubeka kulula ukusingatha, kodwa wayevela emkhayeni ocebile, owaphila yesimanje Tol el nqola. Ngokusho yetinsita uNkulunkulu ngokwakhe wathi kuSamuweli ukuthi uzohlangana ngesikhathi esithile le nsizwa kusukela Kuze kulandele isizwe sakwaBhenjamin (endleleni, eziningi kakhulu), ngubani uzoba inkosi yakwa-Israyeli. Ukulandela aphoyintimenti womprofethi waxwayisa ama-Israyeli ukuthi uma bekungeke melanani intando Almighty the Ningi Phezulu is singasebenzi ngokuphikisana nabo futhi inkosi yabo, wabhalela imisebenzi yasebukhosini wawabeka omasha ethempelini, itabernakele.

Njengoba inkosi baphikisana umprofethi

Umbusi wokuqala woMbuso-Israyeli, uSawule, kwaba ehhovisi lakhe iminyaka engaba ngu-20. He qamba ibutho njalo lamadoda 3,000, alwa ngempumelelo ngokumelene namaFilisti (enye yezimpi abadumile kwalesi sikhathi, le ngxabano kaGoliyati noDavide), wadalwa eyisidalwa umuntu okholwe kakhulu (wafuna akhiphe indodana yakhe siqu ngoba uma waphula okuthunyelwe). Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba impi eGiligali yena ngokwakhe enikela ngemihlatshelo, ngaphandle sokulinda uSamuweli (isenzo esinjalo kungumsebenzi uMprofethi), bese wenqaba ezokhipha oda kaSamuweli, futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwama-Amaleki. Bethukutheliswe umprofethi umemezele ukuhoxiswa uSawule uyinkosi futhi ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka kuyo yonke inzalo yakhe. King, zibancishe ukusekelwa uMprofethi, Edangele, ke engenwe umoya omubi, waphelelwa isithakazelo emisebenzini autocratic.

Kukhethwa Prophet yawela phezu umfana ezimhlophe

USamuweli, Liphulaphule izwi oPhezukonke, waya eBhetlehema, lapho abona wakhetha futhi uDavide ugcotshwe e embusweni wakwaJuda. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokuvumelana umlando, uDavide wayengeyena ukubukeka Middle East. Wayengumuntu ubuso obuhle, amehlo amahle, futhi babenezinwele ezimhloshana, izakhamuzi ngokuvamile engavamile yalesi sifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba namandla ahlukene ngokomzimba (bear wanqoba futhi ibhubesi), ubumnene. Futhi kahle ngakho ehlabelela kanye babedlala ihabhu, isikhulu sikahulumeni kweNkosi uSawule kuya umsindo umculo wakhe wanyamalala isimo sokucindezeleka.

Ngaphambi lomshado endodakazini kaDavide noSawule sika yayiyonakalisile eziningi amaFilisti

Ngemva kokunqoba sikaDavide nangesandla sakhe zomculo siphumelele esigodlweni, uSawulu wenza lakhe-umthetho, wamnika omncane kunathi indodakazi. Ngalesi sifaniso, uDavide kudlulwe isimo wasebukhosini ngokwenza le nto ukugcwaliseka umshado - wathatha empilweni futhi amaFilisti abantu abangamakhulu amabili namashumi ngosizo amabutho empini ezayo. Ukuthandwa uDavide ecasulayo hypochondriac yinkosi, futhi bazama ukumbulala, ngemva kwalokho le nsizwa ayehambile uMprofethi ke abahlala eRama. USawule waphishekela umkhwenyana wakhe yonke indawo, abulala cishe bonke abapristi abenza wamsiza aphunyuke, walinika umkakhe nomfazi wenye indoda. David kule nqubo awaphendulanga izingane zakhe, futhi izikhathi eziningi kokululama uSawule zikhathi lapho ambulale. INkosi uSawule wazibulala, lapho impi elilandelayo namaFilisti esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe futhi walahlekelwa amadodana amathathu. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, wayebhekisele the Witch odumile Endor, ukufunda isiphetho sabo. Futhi, njengoba kulindeleke, zokukhalaza yasala dengwane isihe ukukhuzwa nguSomandla.

UDavide noSolomoni indodana yakhe obangele ukuchuma Israyeli

UDavide ebaleka esuka uSawulu abashushisa, waya amaFilisti, Khona-ke uSawule bamisa. Esikhathini okuholela amandla cleaner uDavide efika abasekeli bakhe emzini okuyiHebroni, lapho amaJuda wamemezela kuye inkosi. kwakhiwa Ngakho imibuso emibili - u-Israyeli noJuda. Eyokuqala babenezinkinga Iefosfey (indodana kaSawule), owesibili - UDavid. Lawa mazwe amabili yayisempini nomunye iminyaka engaba mibili (ngakho imithetho eminingi Iefosfey), ngemva kwalokho winner, uDavide wakhethwa kombusi wakwa-Israyeli ngaphansi isicelo yabadala Israeli. Kamuva lapho benqoba iJerusalema, uMowabi, abanye eSiriya loMfula i-Ewufrathe, njll, -Wathobisa igunya elingokomoya esiphila, ukubeka Umphongolo Wesivumelwano ku eNtabeni iZiyoni, ebhala amahubo. Lapho esegugile, wakunikela amandla kuSolomoni indodana yakhe, azalwe ubuhlobo nge uBati Sheba, umka-ngowenye indoda.

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ababusi bakwa-Israyeli noJuda wasendulo, uDavide noSolomoni indodana yakhe, waletha abantu bakwa-Israyeli ngesikhathi sika-"yokuchuma." indodana kaDavide wakwazi ukuthuthukisa basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle inqubomgomo impumelelo kayise. Ngokusho kwemithombo zenkolo, wayengumuntu wokubusa elichumayo, ukuhlakanipha okukhulu ukubekezela into abaphambuki enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu. Lapho uSolomoni akha ethempelini eJerusalema, united Israyeli noJuda abekho ubumpofu ngezithukuthuku emzileni wezohwebo eDamaseku ukuba Egypt, empini nabaseGibithe saphela kusukela lokuqala unkosikazi wasebukhosini indodakazi kaFaro. ngenzuzo Wonyaka we umbuso ngaphansi uSolomoni ulinganiselwa ku-600 Talanov igolide (Talan - mayelana 26 amalitha). Kodwa ngasekupheleni yengcebo isimo kwaba isimo ezingenalutho ngenxa izindleko ephakeme yethempeli kanye nesigodlo, okwaphumela isidingo ukukhulisa intela, okuyinto wamvunukela izizwe okhonzile. futhi Isimo olulodwa yahlukana yaba akwaJuda nakwa-Israyeli.

Kungani uJuda sesiqhubeke isikhathi eside kunalokho Israyeli?

Ubani waba inkosi yokuqala yombuso wakwa-Israyeli osenyakatho? Le ndawo yaba iminyango emikhulu yamaJuda South, wahlala lapha kuze kube izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu sebebonke ayengaphansi isimo ezivamile, babe ezweni elinothile kakhulu. Kodwa eningizimu, uthi phakathi kwamaJuda, laseJerusalema lalilokhu engcwele main kanye shrine kazwelonke. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka Jewish sidonsa, naphezu isimo somnotho esibi kunazo zonke. Nakuba umbuso osenyakatho wezizwe ka-Israyeli, wahola ngasekuqaleni zikaJerobowamu, kwaba phezu zezombusazwe ibalazwe sikhathi mayelana 250 edlule, kwamiswa kwesikhathi The Age of Kings. amakhosi Israeli kusukela uJerobowamu kuHoseya ancipha, ngokuvamile Inkonzo Lowo uNkulunkulu ka-Israyeli, futhi kwaphakamisa amathempeli nge amathole egolide , bakhuleka onkulunkulu ekukhulekeleni waseFenike. ihlaselwe kanzima Izwe ngu sebuningini amasu okugumbuqela imibuso ubekade 722 BC unqotshwe uSarigoni II, inkosi yase-Asiriya.