Bala Vorontsov Mihail Semenovich: Biography, izithombe, umndeni

Bala Vorontsov Mihail Semenovich - sikahulumeni abadumile, iphini lomlawuli wempi Jikelele, Field Marshal, Serene yakhe Highness Prince (kusukela ngo-1845); Novorossiysk futhi Bessarabian Governor-Jikelele; ilungu Petersburg Academy of Science ngokuphathelene. Wakhuthaza ukwakhiwa Odessa futhi bezazisa onqenqemeni ngokuya kwezomnotho. Kulesi sihloko izokwethulwa biography yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane.

abazali

Abazali ngekusasa Field Marshal - Semon Romanovich futhi Catherine A. (indodakazi Admiral Senyavina AN) bashadela khona ngo-1781. Ngo-May 1782 bathola indodana, uMichael, futhi ngemva konyaka indodakazi uCatherine. Kodwa injabulo kuhlala khona lezi zithandani somshado Vorontsov akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Catherine A. washona ngo-August 1784 ngemva kokuba ukugula. USemyon Romanovich bashade futhi lahlupheka zonke uthando lwami engasetshenzisiwe indodakazi nendodana.

Ngo-May 1785, Vorontsov S. R. wathuthela eLondon ukusebenza. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi uNgqongqoshe Plenipotentiary, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona inxusa belifuna kuvakashela eNgilandi lisuka Russia. Ngakho-United Kingdom isibe Michael ikhaya kancane ekhaya.

Ukufunda

USemyon Romanovich balandela ngokucophelela ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa sendodana yakhe. Wazama ukulungisa kakhulu ngempumelelo kubo inkonzo ezweni. Ubaba walo mfana wayeqiniseka ngokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu - ke kuba umyalo ezinhle ngolimi lwabo futhi ulwazi umlando Russian nezincwadi. Ukubala Ikusasa Vorontsov kwakuhluke kakhulu kontanga. Bancamela ukukhuluma isiFulentshi, noMikayeli, Nokho, futhi umyalo ezinhle ulimi (kanye Latin, isiGreki English), ayethanda namanje Russian.

Ngo umkhuba isheduli bafana umculo, ubungcweti, izinqaba, wesayensi yemvelo, izibalo. Wafunda ukugibela kahle, balidla izikhali ezahlukene. Ukuze sandise khathizwe umfana Amalotha Romanovich amyisa emihlanganweni wokuziphilisa kanye sessions ePhalamende. Futhi, Vorontsovs junior futhi senior wahlola izimboni kanye waba imikhumbi Russian ukuthi waya English Harbour.

USemyon Romanovich wayeqiniseka ukuthi serfdom iwe ngokushesha, lawela izigodi uzoya abalimi. Futhi ngakho indodana yakhe phakela ngokwabo futhi iqhaza ekudaleni inkambo okufanele ikusasa Russia, it is kahle wamfundisa izikebhe.

Ngo-1798, Bala Vorontsov, Jr. wathola isihloko yabathenwa. Yanikwa kuye nguPawulu I. mangisho ukuthi ebudaleni bakhe uMichael ukulungele ukukhonza ezinhle zezwe lokhokho. Wayelethwa anguye ufundile futhi kwakhiwa. Wabuye isungule ukubukwa ezithile ku ngendlela okumelwe uhambe ngayo iwukuba Russia. Izikhungo ukuze izwe duty engcwele kuye. Kodwa, ngokwazi isimo esindayo Paul mina, uSemyon Romanovich kwaba ekujaheni ukuthumela indodana yayo ukuba ekhaya.

umsebenzi Early

Ngo-March 1801 waba umbusi u-Alexander I, futhi ngo-May Vorontsov, Jr. efika Petersburg. Lapha watholana namalungu emjikelezweni tetemibhalo, wenza ubungani nabantazana amasosha we Preobrazhensky ibutho kanye banquma ukwenza umsebenzi ngenxa kanembeza. Ngesikhathi etholakala ku- Michael Chamberlain isikhundla zifinyelela ku elisezingeni uMajor General, kodwa Vorontsov akazange nambitheka lo lungelo. Yena ngasebenza kwabosizo Preobrazhensky ibutho uLieutenant abavamile.

Nokho, Bala ngokushesha ukhathele emsebenzini ngaleso enkantolo, sokuprakthiza futhi umbukiso phansi. Ngo 1803 waya eCaucasus njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela, ukuze singene ibutho Prince Tsitsianov. Lapha, i-abasha Ukubala Vorontsov kunalokho ngokushesha waba induna ngakwesokunene. Kodwa akazange ahlale ekomkhulu, futhi wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo izimpi. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi emahlombe akhe bavele epaulettes sokuba ukaputeni, futhi wakhe oda esifubeni ezintathu: St George (4 degree) zokuxhumana. UVladimir nokuxhumana. Anne (Grade 3).

Eminyakeni 1805-1807 Ukubala Vorontsov, ogama biography sekufikile kibo bonke wezempi wanamuhla ezaziwayo, nengxenye izimpi olubhekiswe uNapoleon, futhi eminyakeni 1809-1811 ukulwa abaseTurkey. Michael, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, ayephambili abahlaseli futhi bagijimela shí eMpini. Waphinde kuchubeka aye isikhundla futhi izindondo ukhishwa.

Impi ye-1812

Impi Patriotic ka 1812, uMichael wahlangana, njengoba induna elihlanganisiwe Grenadier Division. Yena wahileleka ekuvikeleni Semenovskoe ukushiselwa. Igalelo lokuqala French nje kwehlela phezu division of Vorontsov. Yena uhlaselwe amabutho esitha ngesikhathi esisodwa 5-6. Kodwa emuva kwalokhu kuhlaselwa umlilo wakhe hit izibhamu ezingamakhulu amabili French. Grenadiers balahlekelwa omkhulu, kodwa akazange ashona. Michael ngokwakhe kwaholela omunye Battalion yayo ukuhlasela insabule futhi walinyazwa.

Esikhathini eMoscow Isigodlo Ukubala Vorontsov efika abangamakhulu amaningana ukunikezela yokukhipha impahla yomndeni nengcebo zanqwabelana eminyaka. Nokho, Mikhail Semenovich wayala ukuthatha ezinqoleni akuzona impahla, kanye 450 ezempi.

ukunqoba

Ngemva yokutakula, Vorontsov waphuma masinyane impi Russian emkhankasweni angaphandle. Ngaphansi Craon esigabeni sakhe wamelana French, ababeholwa Napoleon yena. Ngalesi impi Mihailu Semonovichu zokuxhumana wamnikela oda. George.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa yokugcina yebutho French lamazwe enqobile wahlala phezu insimu yalo. Russian umsebenzi amabutho eholwa Vorontsov, futhi wamisa ama-oda yabo. Earl kwaba imidanti, okuyinto ezazizolandela amasosha ayo nezinduna. Umqondo oyinhloko we-sisekelo omusha kwaba abaphathi ukwehluleka abalulaze isithunzi ezinhlwini aphansi. Mikhail Semenovich futhi ngowokuqala emlandweni ukuqedwa kuhlawuliswa ngekushaywa.

ukuphila komuntu Ukubala Vorontsov

Ngo-April 1819, Mikhail Semenovich washada Branitskaya EK Imikhosi yayiqhutshelwa kuyo le Paris Orthodox Cathedral. Maria Feodorovna (iNdlovukazi) akhuluma izinto ezinhle mayelana Countess. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Elizabeth Ksaverevne kahle ihlanganisa ukuhlakanipha, ubuhle, futhi uhlamvu oluvelele. "Eminyakeni engu-36 somtjhado Kwangijabulisa kakhulu" - isitatimende esinjalo esasenziwe ekupheleni ukuphila Ukubala Vorontsov. umndeni Umkhuzi lalinabashumayeli umkakhe nezingane zakhe eziyisithupha. Ngeshwa, ezine washona zisencane.

UMbusi-Jikelele

Petersburg, akuyona sengqondo esihle kakhulu ibutho Vorontsov emisha. Bakholelwa ukuthi entsha ikhodi igrafu kubukela isiyalo, ukuze ekufikeni ekhaya izindlu Mikhail Semenovich sichithiwe. Bala ngokushesha emsebenzini. Kodwa u-Alexander angizange ukusamukela futhi wammisa induna 3rd Corps. Vorontsov uyephuza ukwamukelwa kwezindlu kuze kube muva nje.

isimo sakhe engaqinisekile laqedwa ngo-May 1823, lapho Ukubala wamiswa-jikelele we-Novorossiysk Territory futhi umbusi eBessarabia. Abaningana ababekhonza naye phambi izikhulu ushiye inkonzo ukuze uthole Vorontsov ithimba. Ngesikhashana nje, Mikhail Semenovich kubuthana kuye eziningi kahle, lisebenza futhi abasizi abanamakhono.

Kutfutfukiswa okusha Russia nase eBessarabia

Vorontsov ezimpini yonke imikhakha yempilo, insimu yona. Wayala kusukela izithombo phesheya kwemithi imivini izinhlobo ezingavamile lamagilebhisi esekhulile kuyo yabo futhi basakaza comers khulula. Nge ngemali yakhe he fikisa kusukela West wavula esihle-uboya bezimvu stud.

Lapho asemaqeleni esincane ezidingekayo yokubasela ukupheka bafudumale amakhaya, Mikhail Semenovich ihlelwe search, bese isizinda kwamalahle. Ngo impahla yakhe Vorontsov wakha umkhumbi, futhi kamuva eminyakeni embalwa wavula shipyards eziningana amatheku eningizimu. Ukukhiqizwa lwemikhumbi entsha avunyelwe ukuze usungule uxhumano ezinhle phakathi izimbobo we Azov futhi Black iziLwandle.

isikhathi esanele Governor-Jikelele ngokwengeziwe le ndaba yokungaziphathi amasiko nezemfundo. amaphephandaba amaningana, amakhasi awo ngezikhathi eyanyatheliswa isithombe Ukubala Vorontsov futhi imiphumela imisebenzi yayo sezisunguliwe. Steel uya multi "Odessa ezincwadini zonyaka ezazisakazeka" futhi "ikhalenda Novorossiysk." izikhungo zemfundo avuleka njalo, kwakukhona umtapo yokuqala zomphakathi, nokunye. N.

eCaucasus

Ngenxa yokuphathwa abanekhono Vorontsov yadla iBessarabia okusha Russia yanda. Futhi eCaucasus elingumakhelwane, isimo uwohloka usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. izinduna Ukushintsha awazange asize. Imam Shamil wahlasela Russian kunoma iyiphi impi.

Nicholas ngabona ukuthi eCaucasus kuyadingeka ukuthumela umuntu amacebo webutho lezempi omuhle nesipiliyoni okukhulu zemibango. Mikhail Semenovich kwaba ikhandidethi ekahle. Kodwa Earl neminyaka engu 63 ubudala, futhi wayevame ogulayo. Ngakho-ke, ngesicelo uMbusi Vorontsov wasabela ngokunqikaza, owesaba ayithethelele amathemba akhe. Noma kunjalo, wavuma, futhi waba yinduna eCaucasus.

umkhankaso icebo emzaneni ebiyelweyo Dargo lwakhiwe kusengaphambili Petersburg. Graf kwaba ngokucacile ukusilandela. Ngenxa yalokho, yokuhlala Shamil sathathwa, kodwa Imam baphepha amabutho isiRashiya, ecasha ezintabeni. ZaseCaucasia Corps balahlekelwa omkhulu. Kwakukhona izimpi ezintsha. Izimpi evuthayo kunazo zalwelwa ekunqotshweni izinqaba Gergebil Sikasawoti.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Vorontsov efika eCaucasus akuyona umnqobi, kodwa kunalokho engumenzi wokuthula. Njengoba induna, waphoqwa ukuba abhubhise futhi ukulwa, kodwa njengoba umbusi wonke amathuba sezingxoxo. Ngokusho kwakhe, Russia kwakuyozuzisa singalwi ne eCaucasus, futhi imise iSikhulu Dagestan Shamil futhi ukumkhokhela iholo.

baton ensimini marshal sika

Ekupheleni 1851 Ukubala Mikhail Vorontsov ngathola by rescript Nicholas mina, lapho yonke iminikelo yakhe engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu senkonzo yezempi ziye efakwe ohlwini. Wonke umuntu wayelindele ukuba ukuthi bazonikezwa elisezingeni Field Marshal. Kodwa kwakukhulekelwa umbusi kule kungagcini isihloko "ukukhanya". Lokhu iphutha kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi igrafu ingashintshiwe liberalism yayo savusa Nicholas Ngiyasola.

yokugula

Ngemva iminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-70 Mikhail Semenovich impilo aqala ukuncipha. Wavele azange abe amandla ukuthwala imithwalo yemfanelo yabo. Wayegula isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni kuka-1854, wacela iholidi olunezinyanga eziyisithupha bengibonisa ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo. UMzila ukwelashwa kwezilwandle akazange nemiphumela. Ngakho ekugcineni, Ukubala Vorontsov ebuzwa uMbusi ukuba amxoshe kusuka kukho konke okuthunyelwe e eBessarabia, kuyi-Nguqulo eRussia kanye eCaucasus. Sicela Mikhail Semenovich wanikwa sona.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo-August 1856, enhlokodolobha yase wokugcotshwa u-Alexander II. Bala Vorontsov, ogama biography is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, alukwazi ukuba ufike, njengoba ukushisa uyahlushwa. Mikhail Semenovich wavakashela ezo ikhaya elihle futhi ngesizotha amnika rescript yasebukhosini. Ngakho, ukubala kwaba isikhundla eliphakeme ukhishwa kanye idluliselwe baton ensimini marshal, elalihlotshiswe amadayimane.

Isihloko entsha Vorontsov wahlala kancane kuka izinyanga ezimbili. Unkosikazi amthwalela Odessa, lapho Field Marshal futhi wafa ekuqaleni kuka November. Izixuku abahlali bayo yonke iminyaka, izivumokholo amakilasi weza ukuchitha umbusi-jikelele lakhe Uhambo lokugcina. Ngaphansi Gun kanye inganono volleys Prince Vorontsov umzimba yehliselwa ngcwaba. Yena ligcinwe ngaso lombhishobhi Odessa namuhla (maphakathi ingxenye, engela kwesokudla).

isiphetho

Bala M. S. Vorontsov kwaba lomholi kuphela emalini ephakanyiswe okhokhelwayo esakhiwe amaningi njengoba izikhumbuzo ezimbili: e Tiflis nase-Odessa. Amabili isithombe sakhe kuthé Sasebusika (Military Igalari). Futhi igama igrafu eqoshwe isisekelo sawo esakhiwe ngemabula, ise-St George Hall of the Kremlin. Futhi ufanelwe konke. Phela, Mikhail Semenovich kwaba iqhawe Impi Ye-1812, enye yala madoda afundile isikhathi sakhe esiningi, ezempi kahulumeni nabaholi, kanye nesithunzi sobuntu nodumo.