Squadrons WWII. I umpetha edume kakhulu iMpi Yezwe II

Njalo impi kuyinto usizi eyesabisa kakhulu bonke abantu ukuthi lokho ngandlela-thile kuthinta. Kuwo wonke umlando walo, isintu siye aziwa izimpi eziningi, ezimbili zazo zakwamanye amazwe. Umhlaba wabhubhisa cishe ngokuphelele-Europe futhi kwaholela ekuweni ezinye imibuso emikhulu efana Russia nase-Austria-Hungary. Kodwa kunzima nakakhulu ukusebenzelana ngobuningi kwaba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho emazweni amaningi cishe emhlabeni wonke ababehilelekile. ezigidi ezabulawa zabantu, washiya nakakhulu abangenamakhaya. Lo mcimbi esibi namanje abathintekayo ngandlela-thile ekuphileni komuntu kwanamuhla. Echoes zayo ingatholakala yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu. Le nhlekelele ushiye eziningi izimfihlakalo, imibango ngubani bengayeki amashumi eminyaka. umthwalo osindayo Kusolwa kule mpi ngoba ukuphila nokufa wayengakafiki ngempela baqina ngesikhathi kushintsha uhulumeni futhi impi yombango, futhi kuphela ukwakha umkhakha alo ezempi futhi enokuthula zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Esikhathini izinhliziyo zabantu ixazululwe ukufutheka ezingahlangani nesifiso ukulwa abahlaseli ngubani encroached ku isithunzi sendawo nenkululeko isimo yesigaba sabasebenzi. Amaningi aya phambili ngokuzithandela. Kanyekanye kwakukhona kabusha of bashiye izindawo zezimboni izidingo ukukhiqizwa ngaphambili. Umzabalazo wathatha esikalini zabantu bangempela. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-Great Patriotic neMpi.

Bobani Aces?

Njengoba amabutho aseJalimane kanye aseSoviet abaqeqeshwe kahle futhi ifakwe zikagesi, izindiza kanye nezinye izikhali. Izisebenzi imali ukuze izigidi zabantu. Ukungqubuzana kwalezi zimoto ezimbili lempi ikhiqize namaqhawe alo futhi amambuka yabo. Esinye salezo abangabizwa kufanele kubhekwe heroes kukhona Aces kweMpi Yezwe II. Ukuthi bangobani nokuthi yini baziwa kahle kakhulu? Ace kubhekwe njengento umuntu usezuze ensimini yayo eziphakeme yokuthi bambalwa kakhulu abantu ephethwe okumahlula. Futhi ngisho Eqinisweni esiyingozi futhi enjalo edabukisayo, njengoba umbutho wezempi, kuye kwadingeka njalo ochwepheshe yayo. Njengoba e-USSR futhi amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo, futhi eJalimane lobuNazi kwakukhona abantu ababonisa imiphumela ephezulu inani imishini acekelwe phansi noma nezisebenzi. Mayelana lezi zinhlamvu bese lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngako.

Uhlu Aces kweMpi Yezwe II lisabalele futhi kuhlanganisa ubuntu eziningi owaziwa ubuqhawe babo. Kwakumelwe isibonelo kuso sonke isizwe, akhuleka, bahlonishwe.

Air Squadrons WWII

Aviation - ngaphandle kokungabaza omunye romantic kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulwa esiyingozi izingalo. Njengoba noma yimuphi umshini ongahlabeki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, umshayeli kubhekwa into ohloniphekile kakhulu. Kudinga okusansimbi ukukhuthazela, isiyalo, ikhono okuzibamba kunoma isiphi isimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze zezindiza Aces iphathwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Phela, ukuze bakwazi ukukhombisa umphumela omuhle ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho ukuphila kwakho akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ubuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kusukela ngokwakho - okuyisibalo esiphezulu yobuciko lempi. Ngakho bangobani - Aces pilot iMpi Yezwe II, futhi kungani ubuqhawe babo esidumile kangaka?

pilot Soviet Aces

Omunye impumelelo Soviet umpetha pilot kwaba Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub. Ngokusemthethweni ke lapho ekhonza WWII wehliswa 62 izindiza isiJalimane, futhi udumo 2 US fighter, okuyinto ebhubhisa ekupheleni kwempi. Leli rekhodi umshayeli 176 bakhonza Guards IAP futhi zafinyelela ku La-7 izindiza.

Lesibili amagoli ngesikhathi impi banda baba Aleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin (owawungumnyaka kathathu ukhishwa isihloko Hero kweSoviet Union). Walwa phezu eningizimu ye-Ukraine esifundeni Black Sea, ekhulula eYurophu amaNazi. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe wadubula phansi izindiza 59 isitha. Akamanga ukundiza, ngisho nalapho wamiswa induna 9 Guards Air Division, futhi ngeke ezinye ukunqoba kwakhe zasemoyeni lapho ihhovisi.

Nikolay Dmitrievich Gulaev - omunye abashayeli bezindiza edume kunazo wezempi, ngubani usetha irekhodi - 4 Ukuhamba izindiza wabhubhisa ngayinye. Phakathi nokuqeqeshelwa kwakhe impi futhi wabhubhisa 57 isitha izindiza. Kabili ukhishwa isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Futhi, yalokho okuhle kwaba kanye Kirill Alekseevich Yevstigneyeva. Wadubula phansi 55 izindiza German. Kozhedub, ngubani kwenzeka ukukhonza isikhathi esithile Evstigneev ku ibutho esifanayo, wakhuluma ngenhlonipho kakhulu kule iflaya.

Dmitriy Borisovich Glinka futhi umpetha Soviet. Wabhubhisa 50 isitha izindiza e 100 combat ohambweni. Yena waklonyeliswa Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa isihloko zokuhlonipha kabili.

Njengoba singabona, le-Aces Soviet kweMpi Yezwe II bakwazi ukulwa yenze njalo ngesibindi esiwujuqu nesibonisa ukuzidela.

u-Asa umbimbi

Kodwa Allied emoyeni Aces kwadingeka ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abashayeli bezindiza abaningi abanesibindi, kodwa umthelela kuya "oklebe" Soviet Basaba bakhashane.

Okukhulu Richard Bong kwadingeka uhlu onqobayo, okusho imishini isitha 40 ababeke. Ungomunye impumelelo Allied pilot. Ngemva kwempi, Bong baba umshayeli ukuhlolwa, kodwa wabulawa lapho ukuhlola indiza entsha F-80, abakwazi ukuba siphume nge-parachute ngemva injini yemoto kuhlulekile.

WaseBrithani ongazazi izindlela Dzhonson Dzheyms phakathi nempi wadubula phansi izimoto isitha 34. Wayala elinye lamaqembu lokushaya bezindiza ngesikhathi kokwehla laseNormandy ngo-1944. Fight waqala ngo-March 1943, i-flying walilwela "Spitfire".

umshayeli American, Major Tomas Makgvayr wadubula phansi izindiza 38 isitha. Yena yanikezelwa imiklomelo eminingi American, kuhlanganise wasebusika mthetho Ukuhlonishwa. Wadutshulwa wabulawa impi eduze esiqhingini Los Negros eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-24. Kwaba Januwari 7, 1945.

UmFulentshi uPierre Klosterman kukora 30 ngokunqoba emoyeni futhi wabhubhisa inqwaba izimoto phansi - amakhanda, izimoto namaloli. Kakade ngesikhathi 24, wakwazi ukufeza elisezingeni sombutho zezindiza, lapho yaphela impi.

Aces German

Aces of the Luftwaffe kweMpi Yezwe II kufanele kubhekwe ukuyedlula emlandweni abashayeli. Omunye wabo waze ngisho waba iqhawe Guinness Book of Records. Wayengubani lona umshayeli unesibindi?

I umpetha edume kunazo German kweMpi Yezwe II futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nomuntu umise akekho washaywa irekhodi ukuze isibalo izindiza ababeke - kuyinto Erich Hartmann. On yayo akhawunti impi efakwe ohlwini ababeke izindiza 352 isitha, ezingaphezu kuka kwi nengxenye, kukora phezu fighters (260). Hartman indizela kuphela "Messerschmitt BF 109G" futhi wathi yikona okungcono izindiza ukuthi engake ngababona. Ngemva kwempi, icela umaluju baseMelika, ubani owamthuma ukuba amasosha aseSoviet. Umphumela waba umusho cishe 10 eneminyaka engu-emakamu, kodwa u-Erich wakwazi ukubuyela kumkakhe nezingane futhi ushonele ukuguga. Record beka them Kuyamangalisa ngempela, ngoba akukho Aces Soviet noma Allied akakwazanga ukufeza onjalo yi umxhwele.

Hans-Ioahim Marsel - pilot isiJalimane, owalwa kakhulu e-Afrika. Phakathi nokuqeqeshelwa kwakhe impi, futhi kwaba shot iDemo phansi ingqikithi 158 izindiza amaMelika kanye nayo iBritish. Mina iphahlazeka ogwadule, phakathi yokusondela Aerodrome yakhe, kulandela kokuphothula mission ukulwa, futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga indiza. Wabulungwa honours okukhulu.

Gerhard Buckhorn - omunye umpetha German. Ngenxa 301 ukulwa layo izindiza. Buckhorn wathola amanxeba ezinkulu, ngoba, ngaphezu umshayeli ukulwa, wayebuye abe umshayeli vivinyo flyby ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela jet fighter wokuqala emhlabeni, i-Me-262. Ngemva kwempi, wahlanganyela ukuhlolwa izindiza for the German Air Force walulama.

Kodwa noma ngabe i-German Aces kweMpi Yezwe II izindiza zinjalo kakhulu ochwepheshe ezingase olulodwa-handedly ukubhubhisa isibalo izindiza, okungafaniswa okwakufanele izigaba zezizwe ezintathu emoyeni? Ngezindlela eziningi, impumelelo yabo kungenxa kuqhathaniswa ababuthakathaka ukuqeqeshwa indiza ka-pilot-Soviet. EU.SSR ngo ekuqaleni kwempi ilahlekelwe izimoto mayelana 1,200 zasemoyeni, okuyinto abathintekayo isimo wonke izindiza. Ngokwemvelo, kanye izindiza kwathi abanye abantu ngubani esekwazi ukundiza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lalihlelekile ngokushesha yashesha ehlobo izifundo, okuyinto sakwazi ukubuyisela isibalo abashayeli bezindiza, kodwa ngezithukuthuku izinga. Ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso qwembe wendiza Academy laseSoviet amahora 13-34, kuyilapho ukuthi yama-Jalimane - amahora angaba ngu-400. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacebo German air empini ekuqaleni impi yayibangela ikhanda kunabo Russian. Ngasekupheleni ubutha isimo sashintsha kolunye uhlangothi.

Njengoba singabona, Aces pilot Second neMpi Yezwe yabonisa Imiphumela iyamangalisa ngempela. Kodwa zobuqhawe bakhe babe abadumile hhayi kuphela kubo. Yini nezinye izikhali isevisi inikezwe emhlabeni amakhosi adumile izikebhe ezempi?

Emathangini avuzayo Aces kweMpi Yezwe II

Ayikho ngaphansi ebalulekile ukulwa zempi. Emathangini avuzayo bebelokhu yamasotja anesibindi kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba ukubhubhisa ethangini kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, kuba lula ukuqagela ukuthi ingozi futhi walala ku ulinde yonke indawo. Noma kunjalo emathangini avuzayo njalo alwa ngesibindi ngoba izimiso ezweni labo futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza wanikela ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yabo. Futhi-ke, kwakungabafundi futhi Aces abadumile kweMpi Yezwe II.

Soviet ithangi Aces

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ithangi Soviet master - kuyinto Dmitry Lavrinenko, owayenganikela ukuziqhayisa i-akhawunti yomuntu ku ukulwa 52 amathangi isitha. Lokhu isosha walwa nesitha abadumile T-34, okuyinto kwaba olunye lwezimpawu yempi.

Enye ithangi owaziwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Umhlaba - Zinovy Kolobanov. feat lakhe laqanjwa izincwadi nezincwadi eziningi, njengoba kwakunjalo okudiliza iziqubu eyodwa 22 amathangi German (kuwumphumela ngobukhulu phakathi umlando tank izimpi iMpi Yezwe II).

Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho ithangi ayephakathi kwezipho eziningi kakhulu ukubunjwa ibutho laseSoviet, emathangini avuzayo Aces kweMpi Yezwe II, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, iSoviet Union azitholakalanga. Kungani-ke ngakho - alaziwa. It kunengqondo ukuphetha akhawunti amaningi siqu ngamabomu noma kokubikwa, ngakho inani eliqondile ngokunqoba eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima amakhosi tank impi akunakwenzeka.

tank Aces German

Kodwa ithangi Aces German kweMpi Yezwe II, banomlando kakhulu kunalokhu. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho ukuhlolisisa yama-Jalimane, ngubani lokwelekelela bodokotela, kanye nesikhathi ukwenza lokulwa esithile, base ezingaphezu kuka "nozakwethu" yabo Soviet. ibutho Footwork German waqala ukugcina ngo-1939.

inombolo German ngamaloli 1 - ke Hauptsturmführer Michael Wittmann. Walwa amathangi eziningi (Stug III, Tiger mina) kanye abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi imishini 138 kanye wezikhali amazwe isitha 132 self ezinezinjini ezahlukene. Sokuphumelela kwakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe ewina oda ahlukahlukene nezimpawu Third Reich. Kushone isenzo ngo-1944 e-France.

Ungaphinde ukhethe lokhu ithangi umpetha Otto Carius. Kulabo ngandlela-thile nesithakazelo emlandweni amabutho armored ka-Third Reich, liyincwadi ewusizo kakhulu Umlando wakhe "Tigers odakeni." Phakathi nempi, lo muntu uye wonakalisa amathangi 150 amaSoviet nasemakamu American nezibhamu self ezinezinjini.

Kurt Knispel - omunye umnikazi ngamaloli-rekhodi. Ngalobobusuka yakhe enkonzweni yezempi 168 amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini lesitha. izimoto Mayelana 30 ezingaqinisekisiwe, ukuthi ayikuvumeli ukuba abambe kuze phezu Imiphumela kusukela Wittmann. Kurt Knispel wabulawa empini eduze nedolobhana Vostits eCzechoslovakia ngo-1945.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ayemahle uKarl Bromanna - 66 amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini, u-Ernst Barkmanna - 66 amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini, u-Erich Mausberga - 53 amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini.

Njengoba singabona kusukela le miphumela, kokubili amaSoviet nasemakamu German ithangi Aces kweMpi Yezwe II bakwazi ukulwa. Yiqiniso, nangohlobo lwezinto Soviet izimoto zempi Nokho wayemude kakhulu kunalelo amaJalimane, njengoba umkhuba, futhi bobabili esetshenziswa ngempela ngempumelelo futhi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ezinye post-yimpi ithangi imiklamo.

Kodwa lolu hlu izingalo, okuyinto zihlukaniswa oya emakhosini azo, akusona isiphelo. Asikhulume kancane mayelana Aces abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya.

Master ngwenya impi

Vele njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-izindiza kanye amathangi, kukhona amatilosi yimpumelelo kakhulu German. Abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya Kriegsmarine phakathi neminyaka khona, lo mkhumbi wacwila e 2603 emazweni Allied, displacement ingqikithi esikwaziyo kwezigidi ezingu 13.5 amathani sibalo. It ngempela kuyinto sibalo umxhwele. Futhi akhawunti siqu umxhwele German Aces abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya Second neMpi Yezwe, futhi, kungaba khona ozincomayo.

Aphakeme kakhulu Submarine German - Otto Kretschmer, ebangela 44 emkhunjini, kuhlanganise omunye ngumbhubhisi. tonnage Ubude Ngishoné emikhunjini yabo - 266.629 wamathani.

Ngesikhathi indawo yesibili - Wolfgang Lute ukuthi ithunyelwa phansi 43 umkhumbi isitha (nenye idatha - 47) ukufuduka ingqikithi amathani 225.712.

Futhi umpetha zasolwandle eyaziwa Günther Prien kwaba kanye owakwazi minza ngisho yempi British "Royal Oak". Kwaba esinye sezikhonzi wokuqala owathola amaqabunga kwesihlahla se-okhi kuya Cross Knight sika. Prien wabhubhisa imikhumbi 30. Washona ngo-1941 ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa lolu hide British. Wayengumuntu zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwaba sekufeni kwakhe izinyanga ezimbili ecashele abantu. Futhi ngosuku emngcwabeni wakhe, ukulila umenyezelwe ezizosiza izwe lonke.

impumelelo enjalo amatilosi German futhi uqondakala kahle. Iqiniso lokuthi eJalimane baqala impi asolwandle ngo-1940, kuhlanganise nokuvinjelwa Britain, ngaleyo ndlela abathemba kuzo ukululaza ubukhulu bayo kanye ulwandle, sibambe sale, ukuqhuba kokuquleka ngempumelelo iziqhingi. Nokho, maduze nje amaNazi izinhlelo lwabhuntshiswa, njengoba impi langena Melika nge izimoto zawo ezinkulu futhi enamandla.

Ingabe eSoviet Union Aces phakathi abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya?

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke itilosi Soviet ngwenya - Alexander Marinesco. Wawela kuphela 4 emkhunjini, kodwa cha! umkhumbi umgibeli Heavy "Wilhelm Gustloff" ezokuthutha "Jikelele von Steuben ', futhi amayunithi 2 ka plavbatarei esindayo" Helena "futhi" Siegfried. " Ukuze zobuqhawe bakhe, uHitler wenza itilosi ohlwini izitha zakhe siqu. Kodwa isiphetho Marinescu ayisebenzanga kahle. Ewa nasemseni iziphathimandla zaseSoviet, wafa, kanye nezenzo zakhe bayeka. itilosi omkhulu wathola kwakhe kuphela ngo-1990 The umklomelo we Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngeshwa, abaningi Soviet Aces iMpi Yezwe II yaphela ezimpilweni zabo ngale ndlela.

Futhi zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi odumile baseSoviet Union Ivan Travkin - sacwilisa imikhumbi 13, uNikolai Lunin - ne 13 imikhumbi, Valentin Starikov - imikhumbi 14. Kodwa Marinesko isipikili uhlu zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi best of waseSoviet Union njengenkolo umonakalo omkhulu owenziwe Navy-German.

Ukunemba nokugcina izinto ziyimfihlo

Uye wenzeni Anikhumbuli ezifana fighters odumile njengoba lokudutshulwa? Lapha, iSoviet Union ithatha hola entendeni eJalimane. lokudutshulwa Soviet Aces kweMpi Yezwe II has ithrekhi akhawunti eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngezindlela eziningi, le miphumela kufezekiswe sibonga isimo omkhulu ukulungiselela lezakhamuzi ngokudubula kusukela izikhali ezahlukene. Ibheji "Voroshilov Sharpshooter" yanikezwa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-9. Ngakho yiziphi sniper edume kakhulu?

Qamba Vasily Zaitsev bethukile namaJalimane safaka nesibindi amasosha aseSoviet. Lo muntu njalo, umzingeli wabulala isibhamu sakhe Mosin 225 Wehrmacht amasosha nje ngenyanga lokulwa ngesikhathi kwaseStalingrad. Phakathi abavelele amagama sniper - Fedor Okhlopkov, ngenxa okuyinto (we impi), kwafika abantu ababalelwa enkulungwaneni lwamaNazi; Amalotha Nomokonov ukuthi abulala amasosha isitha 368. futhi abesifazane babephakathi kwamaNethini lokudutshulwa. Isibonelo - abadumile ULyudmila Pavlichenko, owalwa ngaphansi Odessa futhi Sevastopol.

lokudutshulwa German zaziwa kangako, nakuba eJalimane kwakukhona izikole eziningana sniper bekwi nokuqeqeshwa professional kusukela 1942. Phakathi abacibishelayo yimpumelelo kakhulu German - Mattias Hettsenauer (345 Kushone), Josef Allerberger (257 Kushone), Bruno Sutkus (209 shot ngamabutho). Yaziwa ngumuntu sniper kusukela amazwe Hitlerite Bloc is, Simo Hayha - the Finn phakathi nempi wayebulele 504 iRed Army (ezingaqinisekisiwe).

Isikhali oyinhloko noma iyiphi ekudubuleni kwaba Mosin isibhamu kanye lokuboniswa telescopic, kodwa, kuye ngokuthi isimo, futhi esetshenziswa SVT. Ngaphezu izici eziyinhloko izikhali zakhe, naye wafundelwa isiyalo ezidingekayo ukuze siphile - ethule cwaka, ikhono ulinde, ukuba baxhashazwe ephelele, futhi Orienteering.

Ngakho, ukulungiswa sniper kweSoviet Union kwaba engenakuqhathaniswa kunakunoma amabutho aseJalimane, okuyinto wavumela amasosha aseSoviet ukugqoka isihloko uyaziqhenya - Aces kweMpi Yezwe II.

lingaba kanjani Aces?

Ngakho, igama elithi "umpetha kweMpi Yezwe II" kuyinto ngempela ebanzi. Njengoba sekushiwo, laba bantu lokuzuziwe ibhizinisi labo ngempela imiphumela umxhwele. Lokhu kwenziwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa kahle lempi, kodwa futhi ngenxa izimfanelo siqu oluvelele. Phela, umshayeli, isibonelo, kuba ukubambisana kubaluleke kakhulu futhi impendulo esheshayo ukuze sniper - ikhono ulinde isikhashana elula ukuba ngezinye izikhathi shot olulodwa.

Ngakho, ukuze sinqume ababengamadoda Aces best of the Second neMpi Yezwe, akunakwenzeka. Zombili izinhlangothi ngenzé ubuqhawe engakaze ibonwe, okwenza ukuba behlukene mass ingqikithi abantu. Kodwa ukuze ube master ubengase ngenkani kutilolonga siphelelisa amakhono abo ukulwa, njengoba impi akakubekezeleli ebuthakathakeni. Yiqiniso, izibalo, umugqa ezomile ngeke bakwazi ukudlulisela umuntu wanamuhla zonke lezo nobunzima, izinhlupheko olutholwa ochwepheshe we impi phakathi lasungulwa phezu isinyathelo udumo.

Thina, isizukulwane wahlala, hhayi ukwazi izinto ezimbi kanje, ungakhohlwa mayelana sezakhiwo of ababengaphambi kwethu. Abakwazi babe ugqozi, isikhumbuzo, inkumbulo. Futhi kufanele sizame konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezo zenzakalo ezimangalisayo esibi njengoba impi yokugcina, ayisekho okuphindaphindiwe.