Sapun Intaba. Sapun Intaba Sevastopol. Fight ngesikhathi Sapun Intaba

Enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea inomlando omude futhi ezithakazelisayo. Sevastopol, bomdabu idolobha isiRashiya, phakathi nokuba khona kwamakamu Amakhasi amaningi uhlangabezane nobuqhawe. Eduze umzana Sapun Intaba, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa izenzakalo ekhazimulayo ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kuso umi imitha-28 Obelisk Lodumo Museum kanye diorama yokulwela entwasahlobo ka-1944. Kusukela kule ndawo inikeza imibono ngendlela ekhexisayo endaweni ezungezile.

Hill edude Sebastopol

Esivela enyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea welula ezintabeni ezakha emikhulu emithathu. I angaphandle ka oqala entabeni eseduze Sevastopol wabiza Sapun Intaba, Tatar - "insipho". Kusukela ke welula edolobheni letintsaba Stary Krym futhi igoqo lokuvikela yemvelo befaka ogwini kule nhlonhlo. Kuyinto lezi zici ezindawo nomthelela ukudala izimo ezinhle ukuvikela elisekela asolwandle ezweni.

Lokhu Ukuphakama kwawo bekuziikubhite ukhiye empini emzini Sevastopol eMpini YaseCrimea kanye neMpi Yezwe II. Just a imizuzu embalwa kwi imoto khuphula - ukuphakama 231 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, kodwa le ntaba ihlinzeka ukubusa ngaseningizimu yalesi edolobheni nokubuka komgwaqo kusukela Yalta ukuze Sevastopol.

Namuhla le ndawo bavakashela yizivakashi. Kubo, umuntu inzuzo ethile kuba ukuthi eCrimea, Sapun Intaba nezinye ezikhangayo ukwenza kube inhlanganisela kungenzeka lokuzijabulisa asebenzayo phezu nature enhle injabulo yobuhle nge ukubukwa umbukwane izinkambo ulwazi uthinte umlando.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Ngo 1941-1942, ne ukulahlekelwa esindayo amabutho aseJalimane ephethwe ukuyokudla Sevastopol emva lokuvimbezela sezinsuku ezingu-250. izimpi ezinkulu senzeka Sapun Intaba, lapho amasosha amaningi aseJalimane abulawa. Amasosha we amahlanu yokuqala futhi amabutho Maritime zinhlanga kuya eChersonese, kodwa wawazi ukuthi babebuyela lezi zindawo. Thina kwadingeka alinde iminyaka engaba mibili. Ngo-1944 amabutho aseSoviet beat amaNazi ethathe ezweni lakubo, futhi kwadingeka ukuba wenkululeko eCrimea. Futhi, phambi phezulu Sevastopol iye yasetshenziswa, kodwa isitha, njengesisekelo kwemvelo umugqa ekudalweni treheshelonnoy eziningi zezinqaba. Kukhona ezakhiwa izimpi abanolaka kakhulu kunqunywa impumelelo ecasula nokukhululwa ephelele yale nhlonhlo.

isitha ithemba

Ngemva 1943 isinyathelo amasu empini enkulu eyeke kokuphindela eSoviet Union. Ngo-March 1944, amabutho aseSoviet ayesezibhebheni Kwezinye izingxenye umngcele. Konke lokhu kwakusho ukuthi wenkululeko esondela ezweni lakubo. Kodwa ukumelana isitha baba ngisho enolaka. lezisekelo German eCrimea babevaleleke, kodwa laliqhubeka nokulwa. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuthi uzoshiywa zabo kuzobandakanya okwesula impi Balkan obambisene nabo, ngangingeke ngikwazi ukugwema. AmaJalimane eCrimea, eqinisweni, abangu kungekho lutho esingalwenza, kodwa lo msebenzi wabo kwaba, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ubambe amandla amabutho aseSoviet. Ngenxa yalesi Intaba Sapun kwaqinisa obuthathu ukuzivikela. Bakhandwa unikezwe isiqeshana omude imisele, pillboxes ezihlukahlukene, njengoba kumbiwa nokhonkolo. Thatha ukuphakama isiphepho ukuba kwakunzima kakhulu. Kodwa amasosha Russian baye bathola okuhlangenwe nakho ocebile ekulweni, ungazange lobulinganako, umyalo selihlanganise impi penultimate eCrimea okuhlaselayo.

Amalungiselelo lokushaya

Nge kuthutha amabutho aseSoviet kuhlulekile ukuthatha isithiyo zemvelo ukuze uthole isizinda kuleli Umphikisi wakhe. Ngakho-ke waqala ukulungiselela cishe ngenyanga lokushaya. Umyalo wayehlose ukuqala ngo-May 5 amabutho okuhlaselayo ngokusebenzisa yesibili Mikenzeevu egqumeni futhi ufika emzini bevela enyakatho. Lokhu iqhinga kufanele kube ngokuyinhloko uhlamvu diversionary.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba usuku force main ziyohlasela kusuka flank ngakwesokunxele. Umgomo wabo kuzobe ukuba Sapun Intaba Sevastopol ohlangothini lwaseningizimu. Emasontweni ambalwa kwesokunxele ukulungiselela kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Ukubuthela abahlakazekile phakathi amasosha abanolwazi futhi baqeqeshwe ukuba ukuze uqinise waqala lapha, ngokuba ukuqeqeshwa. Suvorov isayensi wokunqoba Ukugunda ngokugcwele: savvy, iso okuhle, izindlela kanye isinyathelo ngokucophelela ngaphandle engozini ngokungadingekile. Ikakhulukazi wafundisa amasosha ukubona empini, ukuhlukanisa izinqaba isitha futhi uthathe kubo ngenjongo. Kulezi zinsuku kwakufanele bahlale futhi basebenze ukuhlola. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, ngisho ngaphambi ukuqala main kwambulwe eziningana amaphuzu isitha labadubuli, futhi uthathe "ngezilimi 'anikeza ukuqondanisa ngokugcwele imishini futhi inani lamasosha.

Impi ye-Sapun Intaba

Ngezinye 9 ekuseni ngo-May 7, 1944, ngathoma ukuba wezikhali zenkulumo enamandla esasizokwandulela ecasula Soviet. Aviation futhi "Katyusha" yashaya volley yakhe phansi, esehlanganise amaphuzu isitha labadubuli. Kungakapheli nehora, kwafika umsindo akuphelanga umlilo, konke eyayingenziwa ukuze kuphindelwe kubo ekudambiseni kuhlaselwa kwenziwa. Ngezinye amahora 10 imizuzu engu-30 wanikeza obomvu isignali ukuvuleka elihamba kuhlaselwa ahlabayo onqenqemeni isitha izinqaba. Nakuba amadoda isinyathelo kakhulu ngokushelela, Ukuvikelwa shestiyarusnaya ka minefields isitha, nocingo oluhlabayo futhi ezifihliwe isibhamu emplacements abavumele ukuba ngokushesha ubambe phambi ukuqinisa.

Ngemva ihora elilodwa ukunyakaza wayeka, onjiniyela ngaphansi ayebulawe usakwazi ukwenza maqembu amaningi ngokusebenzisa ucingo minefields amaJalimane. amasosha aseSoviet angena imisele ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, kodwa benqatshelwe. Enye ingxenye yehora lidlule imisele izikhathi eziningana isuka kwesinye isandla iye, kwaze kwathi ekugcineni omunye ezinhlangothini of amasosha ethu ayitlolwa amaNazi umugqa phambi ukuzivikela.

Phambili kwaba umqansa emaweni. Sapun Intaba kubalisa ngeziqhumane namabhomu, izibhamu umlilo. Futhi le lokudlela, step by step, ukunamathela itshe ngalinye, ukukhula amasosha Russian. Ngu 14 ezimpondweni endaweni yokuqala ukuzivikela German elathunjwa kanye azungezwe wonke ukuphakama. Le ntuthuko eyenziwe imigomo ehleliwe yonke 50-100 amamitha. Kodwa esingaphansi kwehora lwaphuka umucu ukuzivikela yesibili.

Sapun Intaba kuthathwe

Kuncane kakhulu phezulu, kodwa kancane kusho kakhulu. Uma uyeka ekukhuthazeni, kulapho cishe amabutho ethu nje Kwehla. Awukwazi ukuyeka. Ukunqoba isitha umlilo besebenzisa nemakhono labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe ukuqeqeshwa, amasosha waqhubekela phambili. Phezulu isakramente zenzeka, okuyinto bangaka abantu ababebukele kusuka kokuthunyelwe umyalo. Kuphela Ukuqhuma amabhomu izibhamu umugqa. Ngokushesha le Melee. Sagcina wezikhali amagobolondo at izindiza - supply amabhomu. Kwaphela amahora 20 phezu Crest we eside elindelwe amafulegi zaaleli abomvu, alwe entabeni Sapun yaphela nge usuku ezisindayo, kamatima kanye eside enjalo.

isitha balwe

Ngemva kokushonelwa isikhundla salo phezulu entabeni, amaJalimane kwakungafanele ngomumo sokunikela edolobheni. Enethemba ukuthi sikhathele siyingcuba kusukela ngayizolo, amabutho aseSoviet ngeke sibonakalise ukuhlaselwa omusha, sengilungisile esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo. Kodwa izinduna zethu ebusuku wakwazi ukuqinisa nigcwalise yayibambene nge izingxenye ezintsha futhi ngokufanele ukulungiselela ukuba akwazi ukuxosha kuhlasela. Eleven yokuhlasela okusha isitha emini wathutha amasosha ethu ngasinda futhi wagcina ukuzivikela an ukuphakama ezibalulekile. Bangaki babulawa izinsuku ezimbili amasosha phezu lokhu! Ukuthatha Sapun Intaba abulala amasosha ethu amasosha aseSoviet ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80. AmaJalimane elahlekile ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Nokho, labo abahamba ukuba ahlasele, njalo ulahlekelwe okuningi. Meyi 9, 1944 (akunjalo usuku ezithakazelisayo?) Sevastopol yakhululwa abahlaseli amaNazi.

inkumbulo

Lezi zindawo engcwele - Sapun Intaba Sevastopol - uzohlala njalo kuze kube phakade ngakwesokunene isisulu ababelethwa izinkulungwane amasosha abanikela ukuphila kwabo ngenxa nenkululeko ijoka German undlovukayiphikiswa. Kungakapheli neminyaka eyishumi, ngaphandle somlilo esingokomfanekiso esinombala obomvu klebhu poppy, lutho wakhula phezulu. Namanje baqhubeka elwa ukuze kukhululwe Europe, ngisho Hydra kobuFasi sasingawohloki, futhi emthambekeni Sapun Intaba has namatshe amade abaziwe ezimbili ukuze badunyiswe lamasosha Maritime Army futhi Army lama-51, ahlasela izindawo eziphakeme. Ngo-May 1945 waqala ukusebenza Museum, lapho kwakukhona ziphephile kuqala - ukufakaza izimpi ezinkulu kulezi zingxenye. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-15 Museum waba kabusha endaweni yayo kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha, lapho kwakukhona diorama empini 7 Meyi 1944. iminyaka engu-20 emva kwempi Obelisk Coastal Army iye olwesimanje futhi lakha isakhiwo yesimanje yesikhumbuzo.

Diorama "Sapun Intaba"

Liqhele phakathi nempi esabekayo. Zonke Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwakwenzekani ku izimpi ngalezo zinsuku. Diorama, njengoba ifomu yobuciko wesimanje, ngokusiza shí emkhathini lokulwa isipiliyoni, okungenani ngokwengxenye, iphunga neziqhumane, ukwesaba ubuhlungu we Comrades befa, unya kwenzekani. Diorama "Sapun Intaba, ukushaya 7 Meyi" ingenye kunayo yonke eyake emhlabeni. Ubukhulu bayo elingamamitha amabili nanhlanu nengxenye kuya kwamahlanu nengxenye. Ngosizo izindlela lobuchwepheshe izindlela kwezobuciko futhi into osemuva ukuba sifinyelele umphumela khona umbukeli ngesikhathi sempi, uba migilingwane ubufakazi uphawu abadwebi. I Abadali diorama - abaculi studios M. B. Grekova uPetru Maltsev, Georgy Marchenko, uNikolai Prisekin - bachitha iminyaka eminingi prospecting kanye nomsebenzi ucwaningo. Umsebenzi wabo - akusiwona eqanjiwe nje, kuba isinyathelo imicimbi yangempela emazwini izincazelo sofakazi bokuzibonela.

Ipaki edude yisikhumbuzo Lodumo

Ngemva kokubuka izivakashi diorama out on emphemeni nibone indawo yangempela impi, ukuqagela ukukhombisa abaculi endaweni. Lokhu okunye sithuthukisa okuvelayo etholakele izimpi yesithombe. Budebuduze Museum kuyinto epaki. kokwehla kwakhe kwaba umsebenzi ngendlela emangalisayo nzima, ngoba kukhona yayibuswa inhlabathi enamadwala. It usethe embukisweni we imishini lempi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. izibhamu Self ezinezinjini, amathangi, ukulwa ekhazimulayo "Katyusha". Eduze bayabanjwa izibhamu German ngigcinile ngisho umbala wakhe siqu. Eduzane endleleni embukisweni izibhamu asolwandle nezinye nezempi. Kwezinye sites izivakashi ekhadini eCrimea "Sapun Intaba" libonisa zonke izindawo sikhumbuleke futhi zokuthutha umzila izivakashi abakhetha wawo wonke izinto ezinkulu.

Ithempeli-yesonto

Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba zonke izizukulwane ibenesandla Empeleni, ukuba zikuvikele, uhloniphe kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele. Sapun Intaba - izithombe ezithathwe ngaphambi 1995 futhi ngemva zishintshile ngenxa ukwakhiwa indlwana encane. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ke lamiswao izindawo zokukhulekela. Angel nge isiphambano phezulu ufushanisiwe Isigaxa isithonjana KaMose emnyango, umfanekiso St Georgiya Pobedonostsa e - phambili emasikweni izakhiwo Russian ngokuhlanganyela Amathrendi wesimanje. Chapel kuyinto ithempeli esebenzayo, okuyinto izinikele inkonzo kukhunjulwa masosha afile - abavikeli we lawobaba.

Imikhosi ngesikhathi inkumbulo yesikhumbuzo

imikhosi zenzeke wokugcina eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, ngoSuku Ukunqoba Mikhulu Liberation of Sevastopol phezu ayisikhumbuzo "Sapun Intaba". Indlela uthole khona ngalezi zinsuku?

Veterans ukuletha imishini ekhethekile, kabusha izimoto ukulwa izithuthuthu 40s. Abanye abafisa ukubona lezi zindawo kungaba ukushayela imizila №№ 107 71. Ngaphezu evamile iziqondiso samaholide ku yisikhumbuzo, i Obelisk eduze Maritime Army, aphethwe isenzo "Banner Inkazimulo." Ngiqinisile sikhuthazele lesikhumbuzo ukuze amabhanela amayunithi ezempi kanye nemikhumbi, bavikela Sevastopol ngo-1942 futhi wakhulula edolobheni entwasahlobo ka-1944. Ukuze unyawo Veterans Obelisk wabeka izimbali ikhumbule comrades ngubani engabuyi impi. Ntambama, ku emthambekeni Sapun Intaba ukudlula e Motocross imincintiswano.

bomlando

Kuyakhuthaza bona intela esidlule nobuqhawe imivuzo kanye nentsha. Usebe umuzi ovuselelwe bendabuko edlwengulwa Sapun Intaba, intsha olwenziwa izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye namaqembu komlando Sebastopol. NgeSonto, i-esiseduzane usuku Meyi 7 emthambekeni wentaba futhi amabhomu namabhomu, izibhamu kanye scribbling amasosha aseSoviet basesimweni Melee ngokumelene "Krauts", yahlala phansi imisele. Umlando kuza ekuphileni. Njalo ngonyaka bazoya izinkulungwane izibukeli, ababhekana lezi izenzakalo ezijabulisayo, futhi ufakaze isibindi ubuqhawe of amasosha okuthakazelisayo ukuphakama entwasahlobo esiyisikhumbuzo 1944. Futhi ngenkathi impi eyathatha nje sehora, lokhu kwanele bazicwilise emlandweni futhi sikhumbule njalo ukuthi inkululeko yethu nesibhakabhaka obunokuthula ikhokhwe ngokugcwele igazi okhokho, wawubeka kuleli zwe. Esikhathini kabusha, noma ubani angaba iqhaza. Isimo okubalulekile ukubhalisa kusengaphambili futhi ifomu self asekela futhi izimfanelo.