Walter Ulbricht: Biography, izithombe kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Walter Ulbricht wayengomunye walaba izibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezepolitiki kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Yena negalelo elikhulu ekwakhekeni German Democratic Republic nendawo yayo ebalazweni geopolitical ka kwempi Europe. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ubuholi, wakwazi ukuchitha izinguquko eziningana yomphakathi kanye nomnotho baye yasishintsha ukuphila setepolitiki eMpumalanga Jalimane. Ukuhlolwa imisebenzi yayo kakhulu polarity: abanye bakholelwa iqhawe Ulbricht kazwelonke, kanti ezinye zithi uyimbuka.

Walter Ulbricht: Biography

Wazalwa phezu wamashumi amathathu Juni 1893 e Leipzig. Uyise wayengumbazi. Workshop Itholakala emzini Ulbricht. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni, uWalter wasebenza kuwo, esiza uyise. Qeda Leipzig esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ngemva kwalokho eba lokubaza futhi isebenza studio yakhe kusukela ngo-1907. Uthatha ezombangazwe. E Leipzig ngaleso sikhathi kukhona ezihlukahlukene kumibuthano ehlukile sezenhlalo. Ufundza imisebenzi Engels, Umshicilelo Bebel, Marx nezinye izazi zefilosofi laseJalimane kwesokunxele-wing. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nesishiyagalolunye engena Social Democratic Party. Ngezenzo iqhaza emisebenzini ye-kwamakomiti endawo. Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, le Socialists awushayelana eya phambili, abababheka njengezinto izakhi eziyingozi. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka izimpi olunegazi, isinqumo kokubuyekezwa. Kaiser uyaqonda ukuthi emva wabaholi ingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ukugqugquzela kungumsebenti isijeziso ngomzamo ayibususi.

Omkhulu impi

Walter Ulbricht singayiswa empini ngo-1915. Ngesikhathi phambi, wahlanganyela ukukhuthazwa imibono sezenhlalo. Ngokwemibiko ethile, wahlanganyela kule fraternization ne amasosha Russian. "Fraternization" wathatha indawo wonke amatiyetha empi. Phakathi lapho amasosha wamabutho eziphikisanayo aphuma emiseleni ayecashe kuyo ukuhlangabezana nomunye. Ngomnyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili ka-Walter Ulbricht kuthatha okubizwa ngokuthi "uSpartacus League". Lena inhlangano olukhulu kaMarx eyayimi ku izikhundla ukungamukeleki capitalism, nababusi balo futhi impi.

Ukuqala imisebenzi wamavukelambuso

Ngomnyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili Ulbricht demobiliziruyut. Ngalesi sikhathi eMbusweni German revolution kuqubuke impi. ngokushesha Walter iqala ukuthatha asebenzayo nengxenye kulona. Vele ngesonto mbuso abantu uphathe ukugumbuqela umbuso futhi simemezele i-republic. Ulbricht kuyingxenye umkhandlu wendawo of amaphini Amabutho '. Khona-ke uthola ilungelo ukumela abasebenzi futhi amasosha of Leipzig. Kuleli qhaza lethu, akudalile uMnyango Communist Party German. Ukuze ngonyaka nguye ophethe ukuba abe umholi wekomidi wesifunda. Ubekhonza njengelungu wephephandaba ethandwa "ikilasi impi." Ukuze umsebenzi yimpumelelo e Leipzig, uWalter Ulbricht wakhethwa ukuba Party Central Committee. Ngonyaka wamashumi amabili-yesibili iqala Congress entsha "International" - izinhlangano International wamaKhomanisi.

Walter eyilungu Embassy German futhi kuthatha iqhaza engqungqutheleni ye-International eMoscow. Ngokwami ngahlangana Lenin. Ngomnyaka wamashumi omabini anamithandathu, ifakwa ukubunjwa iphini Reichstag, ngalesikhatsi kuchutjekwa nekwenta bezikhandla e-International. Afakwe abaphakanyiselwe ekungeneni ekomidini eliphezulu yayo.

Flight futhi ukufihla

Lapho ingqondo kwamandla National Socialist uqale ukushushiswa bangamakhomanisi. SS uqhuba Ukugada bonke abantu abanegama we lamaKhomanisi bese amaqembu sezenhlalo, phakathi kwabo Walter Ulbricht. sezombusazwe German uya ngomshoshaphansi. Ngomnyaka wamashumi omathathu nantathu ushushiso okunganambitheki umbuso abantu kuragela entsha. Walter siphela eSoviet Union. Ngomnyaka wamashumi amathathu nanhlanu ethatha lakhe Political Bureau of the party. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, eseluleme isikhundla sakhe International. Kusukela ekuqaleni Spanish kulwiwa wathunyelwa lapho umeluleki zezombusazwe. Ngemva kokunqoba we kaFranco waphuma France. Kodwa ezweni elisha asihlali isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwendawo ye kweFrance ngamaNazi, Ulbricht wabuyela eMoscow. Ngemva kokuqala Patriotic Omkhulu wahlanganyela inkulumo-ze phakathi amasosha aseJalimane nezinduna. Phakathi nempi ye kwaseStalingrad mathupha kuzipikha wabiza amasosha aseJalimane sokunikela. Ngomnyaka wamashumi amane nantathu anti-Hitler kudala yiKomiti yezeMpi.

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili

Ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba ngo IMpi Enkulu Patriotic kweSoviet Union iqala ukwakha impilo enokuthula e ezifundeni ezinabantu. Ukwakha uhulumeni omusha ekuqaleni Meyi e Berlin iza sezombusazwe Walter Ulbricht nesasiboshwe tinongo komhlaba lamaKhomanisi. Isiza ukubuyisela izikhungo yombango Berlin bese lonke Germany. Ngemuva kokuwa kombuso wamaNazi eMpumalanga Jalimane ngokomthetho usebenza amaqembu amaningana. Ulbricht uphokophele omunye wabo - SPEG. A sebuningini abafundi asebenzayo nezihlakaniphi ujoyine iqembu elisha.

Walter Ulbricht, isazi sezombangazwe German: Biography, izithombe ngasekhanda sase-GDR

Esikhathini kwamashumi amahlanu, Walter uba inhloko German Democratic Republic. Nokho, azigcina post yakhe endala nesekela undunankulu. Ngakho, Ulbricht bazifundela ezandleni zayo amandla egcwele. Ngo imibono yakhe, wayeqiniseka we uStalin. ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni waqala ezweni. Ukwabiwa kwemihlaba ukuvumele ukuphuca abanikazi amapulazi amakhulu bese uthumele ukuba ukuphathwa emnothweni kazwelonke. Yaqala ukusungulwa kwamabhizinisi.

inhlekelele yezombangazwe Acute

kwezimboni Ephoqelekile e kokubhubhisa post-yimpi zaholela ezinkingeni zomnotho kanye ukunganeliseki sabantu. I uyinto yokuzondwa ethandwa baba Walter Ulbricht. sezombusazwe isiJalimane, ogama biography ubalwa nezikhathi abaningana kunzima, lapho bathi: ngamashumi omahlanu anamathathu Julayi izinsuku kwakungamadodana nzima kakhulu ukuphila kwakhe. isiteleka IMisa kwakukhula kuze kube ukuvukela evulekile. UWalter wayenemibuzo ukucela usizo kakhulu neSoviet Union. amabutho aseSoviet wona ahoxiswa emigwaqeni emadolobheni amaningi, futhi kanobhala-jikelele we ayecashe ensimini ka ekuphathweni ayebusa. Phakathi ukucindezelwa yokuhlubuka Ulbricht wakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele nokuphikiswa ngaphakathi eqenjini.

Ukushintsha Yiqiniso

Inqubomgomo kaHulumeni yokuthi Ulbricht ukuthi udzimelela umthwalo wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo kwingqalasizinda kanye ukukhiqizwa. Lesi sakhiwo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni wathwalwa ngomfutho. Abezombusazwe uvele ukugxekwa hhayi kuphela e-GDR, kodwa futhi Kremlin. Lavrenti Beria wakungabata ngokuphindaphindiwe izinqumo nezindlela Walter. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izindlela eziningi komphakathi kanye kwemihlambi izikole dudula kuphela abantu kusuka kuhulumeni.

Ngenxa yalokho, Ulbricht ngokuthi eMoscow nokubika kubukezwe izinkambiso zomphakathi. Ngemva kwalokho, yena, "wathatha ukunakekelwa" amaqembu we Group yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Amandla e-GDR Semenov. Ehlobo lika ayisithupha nanye kwaba esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo kunazo kule post-yimpi Europe. ESoviet Union wamnikela ngokusemthethweni abuse izwe ezandleni Ulbricht. Kulokhu,-United States kodwa kwakusekhona e West-Berlin. Yaqala nesimo esibucayi sina. Maphakathi inhlokodolobha German nje amamitha ambalwa kusuka komunye nomunye kwakukhona amathangi wase-USSR ne-USA. ukugeleza ekhulile yemiphumela ngababaleki eNtshonalanga Jalimane. Kulokhu, kwakunebandla elilodwa nje kuphela angavaliwe umngcele owela iphuzu. Ukuze Nqamula uqobo kusukela iFederal Republic of Germany, ngesikhathi uhulumeni Socialist kuphakama izindonga ukwakhiwa uhlelo maphakathi Berlin. Lesi sinqumo senziwe mathupha Valter Ulbriht. Photo odongeni, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ngokuxhamazela yimani niqonde weshumi nantathu Agasti, uhambo emhlabeni wonke abezindaba emhlabeni.

udonga Ulbricht

Ngemva ukwakhiwa udonga lwawa enkathini entsha ukuze ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe sase-GDR. Ngesikhashana nje inqubomgomo entsha kwezomnotho kwamiswa. Izinkampani eziningi phambilini obuwaziwa uhulumeni abangu munye ngaphansi kukahulumeni owodwa emizimbeni yokubusa. Ngemva izinguquko isimo sezombangazwe eMpumalanga Jalimane uhlaliseke. Nokho, ukuthembeka laseMoscow laqedwa Walter. Abantu ngaphezu kwakhe kaningi babenza. Amahlaya amaningi neziteketiso Leipzig chwaneka accent yakhe nekusetjentiswa kwemagama-izimuncagazi Walter.

Isinqumo Ephakeme KaHulumeni of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ngoJuni 29, 1963, i-umnikelo wakhe siqu ekulweni wobushiqela phakathi Second neMpi Yezwe futhi Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa iminyaka 70 yokuzalwa Ulbricht Walter waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union futhi Order of Lenin futhi indondo "Gold Star" .

Ngonyaka ayisikhombisa kuqala, uBrezhnev mathupha yafuna ukwesula Ulbricht. Ngemva eziningana izingxoxo siqu kanye uNobhala Jikelele ebuzwa ukwesula lokugcina. Eyokuqala ngo-August 1973 wafa, uWalter Ulbricht. GDR kakhulu nasemhlabeni kukhona ngenxa le nqubomgomo. Yasho ukuthuthukiswa nezinqubomgomo wezwe Emashumini eminyaka alandela.