Armored Umhlaba (isithombe). Machinists izitimela armored phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze esetshenziswa izitimela armored ukuhamba eSoviet Union iphindela kulwiwa. Ngalezo zinsuku, yayisetshenziswa ukulwa neyokweseka ezempi kanye ngabanye Tactical imisebenzi ezimele. Kulokhu of armored zenani isivinini ezihambayo ehlanganisa nokuya nomaphi, firepower nezikhali eqinile. Armored neMpi Yezwe II avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba ibutho traction ukuthuthwa compounds nazo zonke izimpahla ezibalulekile.

Ekwindla ka-1920 njengengxenye kwamaBolshevik Army, kwakunabamemezeli abangaphezu kuka-100 izitimela zempi. Kodwa ngo-1924 inani labo lalilincane kakhulu, njengoba umbutho wezempi ukulawula wezikhali, kabani izitimela zadluliselwa ibhalansi, ungacabangi kubo isikhali ngempumelelo, futhi sisebenza kokubili izibhamu abavamile ezisekelweni.

izitimela Metal e WWII

izitimela Armored e iMpi Yezwe II kwaqedwa amayunithi kweminyango. Ngokwesibonelo, i-isitimela armored "Kuzma Minin" futhi "Ilya Muromets" beniyingxenye 31 th amaPhiko Gorky ezimele izitimela zempi. Futhi kufakwe compounds kuhlanganisiwe: omnyama umusi esitimela S-179 railcar armored DB-39, i-pair of izimoto armored BA-20, izithuthuthu emithathu nedlanzana izimoto inkampani lixuku-nodaka. Kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-340 e-division.

izitimela Armored phakathi neMpi Yezwe II yasetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube Victory. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi basekela elihamba, ngubani elwa agudle ujantshi, lasetshenziswa ukunqotshwa isitha eziteshini zezitimela, esiqashwe ugu babe umlilo esiphikisayo ibhethri at isitha wezikhali.

Lezi izitimela asetshenziswa ezinyangeni zokuqala zempi ukukhiqizwa yabo uqalwe emadolobheni amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ngempumelelo. Design ezahlukene ezinkulu zempi. It kwakuxhomeke umthamo ibhizinisi ukwakhiwa, ikhiqiza izimoto ukulwa khona steel imvunulo kanye izikhali amasethi. By iqala impi senziwa omningi walo izitimela izitimela Bryansk isitshalo. Lokhu ifektri ekhiqizwa hhayi kuphela wezikhali armored amapulatifomu kajantshi, kodwa futhi izitimela, ifakwe air ukuzivikela kusho.

Armored ukuzivikela antiaircraft e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe negalelo elikhulu lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka esiteshini sesitimela kusukela izindiza nokuhlasela kwesitha, eshaya kubo ezahlukene obujwayelekile izibhamu antiaircraft futhi izibhamu DSK.

Armored Umhlaba. Bangaki zavezwa?

Ngo-June 22, 1941 ibutho Russian lalinabashumayeli 34 ukukhanya 19 izitimela esindayo armored, eyayintula 53 esitimela armored, ezingaphezu kuka-100 wezikhali amasayithi, emoyeni ezisekelweni ukuzivikela-30 kuya ku-160 izimoto armored, ziklanyelwe ukudonsa ngakulo jantshi. Futhi iyatholakala kwadingeka ayisishiyagalolunye bronedrezin futhi eziningana armored motor izimoto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho impi, izitimela armored ephethwe namabutho NKVD. Ngo umyalo wabo wafike armored 23, platform 32 isibhamu 7 izimoto armored futhi angaphezu kuka-30 izimoto zempi.

Basic iRed Army isitimela armored

Uhlobo edume kakhulu isitimela armored ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili lwenzelwe ku 42 ngonyaka th isitimela armored BP-43.

Ukwakheka izitimela langena broneparovoz PR-43, okuyinto wabekwa phakathi enkompolo, ezisekelweni ezimbili wezikhali esihlokweni isitimela armored futhi okufanayo ekugcineni, ezimbili platform anti-aircraft futhi 2-3 ezisekelweni, ahambisa izinhlamvu, ukulungisa izinto ngokuba izitimela ojantshi. Futhi kwadingeka yebhangqa isitimela armored kwaba BA-20 futhi BA-64, ingashintshwa ukuze uhambe wesitimela amathrekhi.

Army 21 isitimela armored yalolu hlobo sekwenziwe, futhi cishe okuningi ngenxa NKVD.

idatha yobuchwepheshe izindlela armored

Armored Umhlaba, "ezisinda" kangaka imodeli, ifakwe 107-mm izibhamu, okungase hit at ibanga 15 amakhilomitha. Metal ishidi abafika kwabangu-10 cm awugqinsi, inqobo isivikelo ingress wezikhali amagobolondo, ogama usayizi safinyelela 75 mm.

Omunye refueling amanzi, amafutha fuel namalahle armored ngokwanele ukuba ngesivinini 45 km / h ukushayela oda amakhilomitha angu-120. Omunye eyengeziwe - 10 amathani zamalahle amathani 6 lamafutha nophethiloli. Isisindo lomgwaqo we isitimela armored safinyelela amathani angu-400.

Ithimba ukulwa kuhlanganisiwe: Command, Control Leli qembu, ezimbili platoons wezikhali isibhamu tower ne izindiza izibhamu nezisebenzi, Gunners Leli qembu, lamabutho, unesibopho tenhlangano traction izitimela, izisebenzi kanye Leli qembu izimoto armored, okuyinto zitholakala kule nokwakheka imishini 2-5 egijima ku komzila .

Armored Umhlaba. Imodeli isiJalimane,

Ngaphambi ukusebenza "Barbarossa" umyalo German kuhlelwe ukwethula izitimela ambalwa armored, ingashintshwa Russian wesitimela ithrekhi. Babembalwa, i-General Abasebenzi Army eJalimane zinikelwe indima engabalulekile ekuziphatheni impi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuze 1942, agade ezingemuva w / umugqa kusukela abashokobezi. Futhi kamuva kakhulu, okwathi ngemva kokufunda qhinga ngempumelelo sisebenzisa izinto ezifana amasosha aseSoviet, amaJalimane aqala ukusebenzisa isitimela armored ezimpini ezempi.

Ubude German Army ku Eastern Front kwadingeka izitimela mayelana 12 armored futhi umbhangqwana kweshumi railcars zempi. Kwakukhona izimo lapho amaJalimane esetshenzisiwe ethumba izitimela Soviet.

izici German izingoma armored

German №№26-28 armored kwadingeka ezintathu ithangi noma wezikhali ezisekelweni nezinqola ezimbili elihamba, №№ 29-31 awabhalwanga amabili armored nokukodwa platform elihamba indawo. Kusukela ekupheleni 1943 babe isitimela armored yesikhulumi gibela nge uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela. Amakhanda ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuphela armored cab.

Njengoba kuboniswa ukulwa, izitimela German armored nje kuphela ngobuchwepheshe emuva futhi bakudala, kodwa firepower yabo wayebuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lo phatha of butho German wabagcina langemuva ukubhekana namaqembu yabashokobezi.

elingokomlando dueling amaSoviet nasemakamu German izitimela armored

Amandla ukulwa kweSoviet izitimela armored wasiza kakhulu empini ngasendle ukumehlula eJalimane lobuNazi. Nokho, lo mshini, obekungadala eliphakeme ubuchwepheshe kungase ozoba, ngeke benze lutho ngaphandle iqembu ukuphatha ke. Ngakho, machinists izitimela armored phakathi neMpi Yezwe II nazo zaba neqhaza ekunqobeni. Ukuze afakazele kwanele ukuba sikhumbule isiqephu kusuka impi.

Ngo-1944, ngesikhathi Kovel izitimela ezimbili armored wahlangana e-Ukraine: namaSoviet "Ilya Muromets" kanye German "U-Adolf Hitler". Russian armored isitimela machinists, ngekhono usebenzisa sezwe, bakwazi ukubeka isakhiwo ngendlela ukuthi amaJalimane abazange bambone adubula okungahleliwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isitimela Gunners yethu German wabona kahle ngokwanele. Ngemva artdueli isitimela emfushane German armored labhujiswa ngaleso sikhathi wawufanekisela kakhulu futhi wabikezela ukubhujiswa okuseduze zonke amaFascist. isakhiwo sethu akusho usathola hits. Lokhu kwakubangelwa izenzo ngobuhlakani armored abashayeli isitimela. Phela, isayensi lezempi siyazi ukuthi amandla isilo esinonya akuqinisekisi ukunqoba empini. Must futhi lobubhalo kanye skillfulness zempi.

Armored kanye Battle of kwaseStalingrad

Entwasahlobo ka-1942 ibutho lamaJalimane besondela eMfuleni iVolga nomuzi kwaseStalingrad. Zonke amabutho kungenzeka bathunyelwa ukuba avikele uJakobe. Eziphendulela play yokushisekela izwe kwaseStalingrad armored enkulu indima ebalulekile kakhulu.

Omunye izitimela lokuqala armored ukufika emzini, kwaba NKVD isitimela armored ngaphansi №73. Kuyo Septhemba, akazange aphume lokulwa. AmaJalimane wazama ukubhubhisa izindiza, wezikhali kanye ezigqulweni, kwaphulwa ezisekelweni ezine, kodwa isitimela yaphuka kukwazi hhayi kuphela ulwe, kodwa futhi ukuletha isiteleka enamandla sokuphindisela ngokumelene lokuhlala amabutho esitha.

14 Septhemba Ukubhukha isakhiwo, etholakala eduze Mamaev Kurgan, wehla izindiza isitha, okwakukhona izingcezu ngu-40. Ngenxa amabhomu falling emsamo nezinhlamvu kwaba kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva, owabhubhisa iningi isitimela zempi. nezisebenzi Ukuphumelela ususe konke izikhali kuyatholakala kusuka esitimeleni futhi eseya emfuleni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, omunye isitimela armored ngaphansi inombolo efanayo lizovela phambi - yawudala e Perm amasosha wangaphambilini we-73rd isitimela zempi. Futhi baba iqembu lakhe elisha.

5 Agasti ngesikhathi kwaseStalingrad Front futhi kufika isitimela armored №677, owabelwa Army 64th. Wabamba ujantshi ukweqa eduze nedolobhana okuzala. Kuleli qophelo, "inqaba steel" wakwazi ukubonakalisa eziningi ithangi ukuhlaselwa German. Siyabonga kuye, into "km 47-th 'yayiwukuba amasosha Russian. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ukusekela esiphikisayo ekuhlaseleni Division 38th of the Strelets, isitimela armored waba ngaphansi umlilo webhomu owaliphonsa amabhomu yakhe incendiary. Wayefanele ukuhoxisa ngemva kwempi ezingemuva iyokhandwa kusukela wathola izimbobo ichashazi angaphezu kuka-600 futhi nezakhamuzi.

Futhi e Battle of kwaseStalingrad ubuhanjelwe armored №№ 1, 708, 40 th Division edumile "steel inqaba" "Kirov".

Okhazimulisiwe Soviet izitimela armored eMpini Yezwe II

Eminyakeni yokuqala ka empini amaJalimane babe umthamo bamangale kanye nomklamo izitimela zethu zempi. Sekuyisikhathi eside Babekholelwa ukuthi Russian yabo yakhiwe. Sasicabanga ukuthi izitimela amazwe lisuka eMelika. Kodwa eqinisweni, wonke izitimela armored e iMpi Enkulu Patriotic ka 1941-1945 zakhiwa zaba ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela umlando German ukuthuthela "inqaba" eSoviet Union has angaphezu kwelilodwa eyishumi. Ngo kulwiwa armored ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa yizinkampani ezihlukene. ikhono lobubhalo wabo, ukuvikelwa kanye ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ngokuqhubekayo ngcono. Ngakho, amaNazi futhi kusimangaze ukusetshenziswa ngobuhlakani lolu hlobo isikhali empini nabo.

Thina basho edume kunazo izitimela armored phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Armored zemininingwane "Kuzma Minin"

Lokhu Ukwakheka armored waphenduka umklamo impumelelo. Yakhiwa ebusika 1942 Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod).

Ukwakheka armored kuhlanganisiwe: kumphambukisa amashidi armored esitimela, platform ezimbili wezikhali, ezisekelweni ezimbili ezimboziwe eziye ku ethangini ezimbili ukwakhiwa kwezikhali 76mm izibhamu izibhamu abhanqiwe nabo. Futhi, front futhi bakhulise isitimela armored efakiwe platform anti-aircraft, futhi phakathi nendawo - platform nge M-8 isiqalisi rocket isiqalisi. I ukushuba we zempi frontal kwaba 45 mm kanti engenhla - 20 mm.

Izibhamu kungaba nomlilo isitimela buqamama kufika ku-12 km, ukubhubhisa izimoto isitha futhi izibhamu kanye missile Sokuqalisa hit Manpower isitha.

Amandla isitimela armored lweMpi Enkulu Patriotic, esemgwaqweni ngezansi isithombe, amazing. It ngempela "steel enqabeni komzila"

Armored zemininingwane "Ilya Muromets"

Yakhelwe "Muromets Ilya" ngo-1942 emzini Murom. Ukuvikelwa zawo zazilotshiwe 45 mm amashidi. Ngokuhamba yonke inkathi impi iphela, abazange bathole ukulimala kabi. ukulwa Akhe dlela badlula wonke amaphuzu osendaweni ebalulekile seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yaphela ke e Frankfurt-on-Oder. Ngenxa yalokhu Umhlaba armored has 7 isitha izindiza, 14 wezikhali nodaka amabhethri, ezingaphezu kuka-35 amaphuzu ukwesekwa, amasosha acishe abe ngu-1000-German nezinduna.

Ukuze isibindi futhi afanelwe lempi armored "Ilya Muromets" futhi "Kuzma Minin", baba yingxenye yesikwati sika 31-th amayunithi ahlukene baklonyeliswa Order sika-Alexander saseNevsky. Ngo-1971, "Ilya Muromets" e Murom sifakwe yokupaka impilo yonke.

Okunye isitimela armored ebuthweni laseSoviet

Le ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla ukulwa izitimela bekungasi kuphela into efana nayo. Izindaba eyaziwa nezinye ngohide armored, esadlala indima ebalulekile seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Lokhu kusebenza futhi armored isitimela "Baltiets", wakha Izhora isitshalo. Wawunodonga 6 ithangi ngezibhamu, 2 120 mm nasekwenzeni 16 izibhamu. Yena iqhaza elibonakalayo ukuzivikela kweLeningrad, esehlanganise tindlelanchubo edolobheni ngesikhathi esisodwa nge emplacements 15-isibhamu.

Futhi, ngesikhathi Battle kweLeningrad kukora armored isitimela "abaphindiseleli zabantu," eyakhelwe emzini ofanayo. On izingalo zakhe, wawuyizinkulungwane ezimbili emoyeni izibhamu ukuzivikela kanye amagobolondo ezimbili ithangi nomunye 12 izibhamu "Maxim".

ngohide Armored ngemva kwempi

isitimela Armored we Patriotic Omkhulu, izithombe ethulwa kulesi sihloko kungabesifazane amaqhawe isikhathi sabo. Bazenzelé iqhaza elikhulu ukuze siwuphumelele abantu bakithi phezu eJalimane lobuNazi. Nokho, ekupheleni kwempi kwaba sobala ukuthi wezikhali ngcono ungakwazi manje abhubhise izinto ezifana ukukhanya izimoto zempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundiso kwezimpi zanamuhla kusho lobubhalo engeziwe futhi esakwazi ukuya wezindlela amayunithi lempi, armored futhi ngokuqinile exhunywe w / e ngezindlela kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwabo.

Ngesikhathi ijubane efanayo wezikhali, futhi izindiza zenzelwe lapho kubhujiswa isitimela armored kwaba into eyinkimbinkimbi anti-aircraft izibhamu kwabasebenzi armored akakwazanga ukuhlinzeka isivikelo. Ngaphambi 1958, abanye njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kanye nomklamo izinto ezifana usaqhubeka. Kodwa babe zisasetshenziswa.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi bokulwa entabeni izibhamu esitimeleni akangenanga la mavangeli. Ekupheleni kweminyaka 80-xx ku ukulwa emsebenzini ukuvikelwa isimo ubuqotho steel BZHRK (missile uhlelo ku w / e platform). Ngokubukeka abazi zehluke izitimela empini, kodwa ngaphakathi sezisungule amasu uhlelo missile kwethulwa. Ezinye zazo kwadingeka sezikhali zenuzi.

Ngakho "abazukulu" izoqhubeka nomsebenzi ekhazimulayo 'omkhulu "yabo ukuze kuvikeleke ezweni lakithi.