Askold futhi Dir - Izikhulu okuyimfihlakalo Kiev

Umlando ERussia yasendulo igcina eziningi izimfihlakalo izimfihlo. Enye yalezi izimfihlakalo - Izikhulu lokuqala Kiev, okuyinto siyazi njengoba Askold futhi Dir. Ubani ngu imvelaphi, lapho ukuthi bavelaphi, ababenolwazi nomunye base? Noma mhlawumbe kwaba zonke umuntu oyedwa?

Zama ukuqonda, ezichaza inguqulo evamile, kanye ongakhetha kweziwuchungechunge uvumele izazi-mlando, ezisekelwe emaqinisweni ethize kakhulu.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni

Kukholakala ukuthi Askold futhi Dir babedabuka amaViking - Russ, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo. Babengenazo ubuhlobo elibusayo isikhulu Rurik, kodwa nje "ezicukuthwaneni." Alo Lapho Rurik wahlala Novgorod, waqala ukusabalalisa idolobha Russian of abantu bakhe abaseduze. Ngakho Dir futhi Askold wavumela hamba eningizimu befuna ukuthola indawo efanelekayo yokubeka ebhodini. Labo abehlela phansi Dnieper phansi, wabona idolobha elikhazimulayo Kiev, lapho ukuhlanzwa wahlala. Askold futhi Dir baye banquma ukuhlala khona futhi wathi umbusi.

Ziyakwazi siqotho abantu, amasiko endawo futhi inkolo. Tribute to kwesokunxele ezingeni elifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njenganoma yikuphi amaqhawe enyakatho, baziwa kahle ezindabeni zezempi yaya ephelezelwa iqembu kahle ahlomile. Ngakho-ke, abantu Kiev banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i-mbuso, buthule wamukela ababusi babo ngaphandle kokuphikisa entsha.

Duzane iminyaka 860-866 Askold futhi Dir bakwenzile obeluhlose yalwa iConstantinople. Ukuvikela idolobha lakho kusuka Russes nenkani, eyayibusa uMbusi, uMichael III isinqumo sokuqeda impi nama-Arabhu, futhi waphuthuma esephindela enhlokodolobha.

izikhulu Kievan waba ngaphansi izindonga waseConstantinople, okuholela i imikhumbi umxhwele imikhumbi, anamakhulu mabini. Bona ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo baphanga nedlelo wavimbezela edolobheni. Eminyakeni inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium wabhekana buyingozi ukunqotshwa. Khona-ke uMbusi, uMichael futhi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu UPhotius wathandaza for the Ukuvikelwa maphakathi nezwe yobuKristu. Kungazelelwe kolwandle rose isiphepho esinamandla, owakhukhula futhi wabhidliza imikhumbi abangophakimpi Russes. WaseConstantinople wasinda ngokwelungiselelo laphezulu.

Askold futhi Dir baphoqeleka ukuba siphethe isivumelwano sokuthula eByzantium futhi wanquma ukuba abhapathizwe zingene ebuKristwini.

Ngo 879, wafa Novgorod isikhulu Rurik, kokushiya indlalifa usana indodana Igor futhi umnakekeli wakhe - umzala wakhe, odume Oleg Lesiprofetho ezaziwayo. Wanquma ukuthatha amandla, hhayi kuphela ngenxa enyakatho, kodwa futhi lokubusa la mazwe eningizimu, ngakho kuqoqwa lwamaSlav futhi amaViking ibutho umxhwele wahamba ngaseningizimu. Walalela, kanye lasendulo Smolensk Ljubech. Ngokushesha u-Oleg weza Kiev.

Wayewazi kahle ukuthi izikhulu Kievan abe squad eqinile, futhi uyozivikela ukuze bangayeki amandla. Ngakho-ke u-Oleg Lesiprofetho nganquma ukwenza ngobuqili. Washiya main nebutho lakhe ngesikhathi kuqothwa, yasisedlula yena njengolunye umthengisi okunokuthula futhi umeme Askold futhi Dir ukuba nezingxoxo ukuhweba kwabo. Labo ngokuphepha ukuya emhlanganweni, kodwa sebephila loMfula iqembu lezempi. Ngokwe- "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", u-Oleg waya ingagxili izikhulu wabayala ukuthi akuzona owaziwa uhlobo nenkohliso abuse abantu. Khona-ke uJehova wayekhomba Igor elincane lathi: "Lokho isikhulu, indodana Rurik sika!"

Askold futhi Dir babulawa ngokushesha. INdunduma nge izinsalela Askold sisenjalo namanje ngebhange emaweni of Dnieper, umlotha Dir eside waphumula eduze ibandla St Irene.

Ngakho u-Oleg waqala ukubusa e Kiev ku egameni Igor. Nguye yamemezela Kiev unina emadolobheni isiRashiya, maphakathi emazweni Russian. Ngo 882, okokuqala emazweni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi abangu munye ngaphansi kukahulumeni owodwa kokwesikhulu.

Lena yi-version esemthethweni izenzakalo. Kodwa izazi-mlando zicabangela ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha esekelwe ngokuqhathanisa zemihla ahlukahlukene nama-legends.

ongakhetha umlando

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ukungavumelani ngemvelaphi Askold futhi Dir. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi Askold kwaba Slav futhi ozalweni Dir. Nokho, abanye uyasho kuphela Deere Slavic imvelaphi kanye indima ongaphansi, futhi Askold bakholwe inyumbazane futhi Voivod.

Imithombo yasendulo WaseByzantium ekuchazeni emkhankasweni wempi Rousseau iminyaka 866 ibizwa isikhulu esisodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi Askold futhi Dir - eyodwa futhi umuntu ofanayo, amaViking Askold ngelika Dir. Ehunyushiwe ezivela olimini Old Norse Deere lalisho ukuthi "The Beast", okungaba isidlaliso, isihloko.

Nokho, uma ngokuqiniseka ngibaphathisa abantu ezimbili ezihlukene, kuba impela kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi Askold futhi Dir wabusa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi Tale of esidlule Iminyaka eyayenziwe ezihlanganiswe co-ababusi. Umlobi womlando kungaba ukuhlanganisa nabo ngokunengqondo njengababusi ezimbili ezingamavezandlebe. Izazi-mlando Eqinisweni kungamangalisi ukuthi izikhulu ezimbili abashona ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwemiBhalo, wembelwa ezindaweni ezifana kude nomunye. Umlando ioachim uthi Oleg Kushone isikhulu kuphela eyodwa - Askold futhi Dir, lapho igama engashiwongo.

Uma siqhathanisa zomlando eziningi, kuba sobala ngempela ukuthi Deere waba ngumbusi wokuqala Kiev, wahlala isiqalo maphakathi nekhulu lesi-9, Askold esikhundleni sakhe futhi knyazhestvoval engxenyeni wangekhulu lesi-9 yesibili.

Njengoba sesibonile, emlandweni we Kievan Izikhulu izimo eziningi simbe, okuyinto kusekeliwe kufihlwe kusuka emlandweni wethu eside. thina sicacise kubo ngolunye usuku?