Comitia eRoma yasendulo - yini lokhu? ImiSebenzi naMandla ImiSebenzi naMandla

Lomhlangano Yabantu kwaba isikhungo esibalulekile amandla eRoma yasendulo. Ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa wekuba sive yayo baye amafomu ahlukene. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu comitia. Lemihlangano ukuthatha izinqumo uhulumeni esiyinhloko maqondana nemigomo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emihlanganweni emincane nemikhulu WamaRoma zaziziqhenya indawo lapho inkanuko abilisiwe phakathi ahlukahlukene babuzwe lo ayelwa izigodi.

Umqondo comitia

Ngokwencazelo eyaziwayo yelithi lucebe bezwi, comitia eRoma yasendulo - kuba congresses kwabantu. umthetho State uthi kwaba igama labo imisebenzi ezithola isimo esingokomthetho. Okungukuthi, babemelene ekubuthweni nokuguqulwa zabantu.

Comitia eRoma yasendulo - umhlangano ukuthi ihlelwe imantshi ukuvotela ezithile ezibalulekile emphakathini. Ngalo mqondo, lesi simanga sasendulo kufana kakhulu Slavic Funky. Nokho, incazelo enjalo ihlanganisa hhayi zonke izinhlobo comitia (kwakunamabandla amathathu). Iziphathimandla bangawuhlela sikazwelonke futhi kalula nje ukumemezela lokhu noma ukuthi isinqumo sakhe.

Ukubukeka kwamakhasi comitia

Ukulandelela umlando isimo lasendulo, kungashiwo sinqume ukuthi comitia eRoma yasendulo - ngokuyinhloko Institute ezivukayo uMthethosisekelo wezwe gentile. Lesi sici kubalulekile kakhulu, ngoba uchaza amandla isakhiwo lomhlangano. Okokuqala uvele kuriatnye comitia, ogama lakhe livela egameni "Curia". On the ingxenye nezokuphatha izikhathi kusukela lasendulo wabe zonke Roma. Isisekelo lesi simo waba yilungu uhlanga oluthile.

Kufika VI ekhulwini BC. e. kuriatnye comitia yibona kuphela eRoma. ukuze Aqine ushintshe yinkosi Servius Tullius. Ngaphambi kwekuhlela kabusha bakhe ilungelo lokuvota kuleli comitia kwakungekaNkulunkulu kuphela patricians - abamele idolobha ovelele nezinethonya lokuzalwa. Kwakuhlangene emasikweni. ELatin igama elithi "abantu" lizama iqoqo abantu yisakhamuzi - ukuthi cishe njalo patricians abanethonya futhi wakuthola.

I Lomhlangano lokuqala Yabantu

Comitia, okuyinto abamenyiwe amalungu curia, ungase abize kuphela umbusi laseRoma lasendulo. Uma esahambile enhloko-dolobha, ngakho iziphathimandla kwakufanele zazi ukuthi ngokubona patricians, lo msebenzi uya nenduna. Ngaphezu abameleli imikhaya ezihloniphekayo, kunesinye ekilasini ebalulekile ke eRoma. Lawa kwakungamadodana amakhasimende - izakhamuzi khulula ngubani ngokuzithandela lidlule ngaphansi kwesivikelo abavikela bakhe, kanjalo ebonisa kuncike kuye. Lezi zakhamuzi zase-dolobha babengavunyelwe ukuvota comitia, kodwa abakwazanga sibavakashele njengoba izibukeli.

Yabantu LoMhlangano kwesikhathi tsarist wavelelwa umsebenzi obalulekile amakhetho umbusi omusha. Lapho inkosi yafa, wakhethwa interrex - eziphuthumayo magistracy. Lokhu kwenziwa ngo eziningi phakathi izakhamuzi eziphakeme ukuzedlula zonke. Interrex yena, wabiza amalunga comitia eRoma yasendulo. Lokhu ithimba igunya buboshwe kwenzeke izinsuku kungakapheli emihlanu ngemva kokufa kwenkosi. Ekugcineni, ebandleni labantu ninquma ukuthi ubani wayemiselwe ukuba abe ngumbusi esilandelayo.

ukhetho kuriatnye

I comitia bokuqala eRoma bahlangana ukuvota kuphela curiae, hhayi ofaka izakhamuzi. clan ngamunye kwadingeka anqume choice yakhe emva ingxoxo yangaphakathi. Esikhathini Curia kwaba ngazwi linye (curiae 30 kuphela babe eRoma). Izindaba nomhlangano we comitia yahlakazeka emhlabeni Lumemezela idolobha noma lictors - izikhulu zikahulumeni, kwenziwa ezibalulekile oda imantshi. Njengoba yayingekho nesiqondiso ngabe ngandlela-thile ukunquma inkambo suffrage jikelele, ukusebenzisa eziningi zakudala. Ngalo ithuba okungaguquguquki okuyinto babonisa curias.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi imihlangano ke Roman babengavunyelwe ukunikeza noma iliphi isinyathelo siqu. Babekwazi kuphela wamukele noma wenqabe sipho kwamandla. Ngaphansi kwegunya abantu, ngaphansi kwalolo hlelo kwaba isinqumo okhethweni yamakhosi izimantshi, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-imithetho emisha, ukumenyezelwa ukuthula noma impi, futhi ngayo nesijeziso sokufa ngenxa izakhamuzi eRoma. Endabeni le ncazelo kombusi othile ukhetho entsha abakhethiwe interrex. Curia ngendlela efanayo abakhethiwe Abapristi (flamens). Lokho comitia - liphinde ithuluzi wesi sokuphila okungokwenkolo we zomphakathi wamaRoma.

eminyaka ukuvota

Inkosi Servius Tullius wanquma ukuqeda umthetho ubudala. Wawuyeka futhi wadala kuriatnye entsha - centuriata - yesifunda Roman, iyunithi main lapho steel yekhulu - amayunithi empi kuyo abe amasosha ebuthweni lamaRoma. Ngokokuqala ngqá ilungelo lokuvota plebeians wathola - izakhamuzi ezivamile emphakathini lasendulo. Bakhandwa equalized ne patricians. Ukuze uvote, indoda kwakumelwe bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezimbili. Okokuqala, elector kungaba nguye kuphela owayazi ukuthi kufanele sizisingathe kanjani izikhali. Okwesibili, abantu abathatha kusukela plebs abekade inhlalakahle umdlalo ibhokisi yabo, ucacise impahla ziqu ekhethekile.

Ngakho, centuriata comitia based Servius Tullius ku VI ekhulwini BC. e., bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izingcezu abahlakazekile emphakathini sasendulo saseRoma futhi ukuvala igebe phakathi kwabo. inhlokodolobha Ubude ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kwakucishe 200 eminyaka. iyunithi ngalinye lempi uvotele ngokulandelana. Lapho omunye "ikamu" buthola ezingaphezu kuka nengxenye, umbuzo esuswa lokuvota bese batsatsa tincumo ngekutakhela ngokufanele.

Imisebenzi comitia zekhulu

Njengoba comitia centuriata - ngokuyinhloko umhlangano ngezizathu amasosha, wahlela endaweni ekhethekile lapho lempi olwenziwa ukuzilolonga kanye ukuqeqeshwa ngendlela ejimini. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-abadumile Field Mars. Ngena amasamanisi ababebakhonza Capitol ukulwa likhona obomvu ifulege. Comitia zekhulu babe isitho kubaluleke kakhulu. Yibo labo wathatha iningi komthetho wamaRoma. Lo mhlangano kazwelonke uyavuma, ukumemezela ukuthi impi yezwe kanye nomakhelwane bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asebenzelana ngayo kumangala izakhamuzi asolwa ngokwakha umbuso.

Ukuze 287 BC. e. iningi izinqumo ezithathwe eRoma kuyisikhuthazo comitia centuriata. Amandla kulesi sikhungo ogawulelwé emva umthetho Quintus Hortensius. Lokhu umashiqela wanquma ukuba abaphambe amalungelo plebeians, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi baye bathuthela ehlukile Roman Janiculum egqumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo tributa comitia kwamiswa amanye amasha.

comitia entsha

Kusukela 287 BC. e. indima ebalulekile ekuphileni lasendulo kudlalwa tributa comitia, okuyinto obize nsuku indawo. Kakade okukhulunywa Servius Tullius ihlukaniswe ezifundeni zazo dolobha amathathu. Zibizwa ngokuthi besizwe futhi kamuva futhi waziwa ngokuthi comitia ezifanele.

Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, i-Institute of Power Abantu ubonakale eziningana lokuphindukuzalwa yayo. Ekuqaleni, nendawo ethile ye-tributa comitia okubhekiselwe nezindaba zendawo kuphela uhlamvu (yokuqoqa intela nokubuthela izinsizwa). Kancanikancani khona ukukhuluma ngethonya elandayo plebs yanda, bathola amandla amasha. Ekugcineni, i-centuriata comitia wahlala kuphela njengoba umzimba adingekayo ukubandakanyeka zamanxusa ngalo namazwe angomakhelwane. Tributa umhlangano ofanayo wangena ngaphansi kwakhe ajenda yasekhaya.

Amandla tributa comitia

Abantu omusha ukhetho Assembly, ukuthola umsebenzi izimantshi aphansi. Lemigwamanda yena, kwakufanele sivikele plebs ngokuvumelana nawo wonke umthetho waseRoma ekhona. Lomhlangano uqoka abaningi nezikhulu zikahulumeni - quaestors, aediles, nakwezempi Beqondiswa imikhandlu. Lamalungelo kususiwe kusuka abameleli, okwadingeka ukuba wabelane amandla abo ne plebs.

Ngesikhathi esizayo sokuthuthuka comitia waqala ukuthonya ekwakhiweni kwemithetho. Babekwazi ukuthumela ukumenyezelwa iSigele, okuyinto waphoqwa ukuba sicabangele esikhathini esibekwe. Eziningi zalezi zidingo abangu kunakwe lapho senza izinqumo uhulumeni ezibalulekile. Ngemva Hortensia umthetho tributa comitia ekugcineni got bakagesi abazimele zomthetho.

Lapho mina BC leminyaka. e. wayeyisakhamuzi saseRoma ladluliselwa bonke abakhileyo mahhala e-Italy, i-Institute of National Assembly afa. Wagcina wanyamalala ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Augustus.