Dictator - ubani lo? Kancane mayelana ungubani negunya bomashiqela

umlando Umhlaba amumethe curiosities zezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Isikhundla umashiqela - uhlukile. Nokudunyiswa komthetho wamaRoma sivunyelwa ukuba siqhubeke on ngesisekelo yayo ngendlela lubaluleke kakhulu ngayo izimo ezibucayi yomphakathi. Futhi esikhathini sethu, lokhu isikhundla savela ziphenduka uhlobo ohlanga ngokuphelele.

Umsuka ubushiqela

Dictator - iposi ekhethekile isikhathi eziphuthumayo, uma kudingekile ukuze uthumele amandla ezandleni umholi oqinile nge amandla angenamkhawulo. Igama, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "oda", lidlulisela ngokugcwele okushiwo inkulumo. Kukholakala ukuthi laseRoma kwakungenele endaweni nesenzakalo izikhundla umashiqela - Cishe usuthathwe isipiliyoni nakwamanye amadolobha Latin.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi tsarist Roman izikhulu zikahulumeni umlando sinqume ukuvikela izwe kusukela amandla ezingomashiqela, okungabanga bikho kuso umuntu kulindeleke lutho okuhle emva kokwenzeka eminyakeni edlule. Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi kunezimo lapho kudingeka kudlule ibhodi umuntu oyedwa. Lokhu kwasenza sakwazi ngokushesha ukuxazulula le nkinga ukulahlekelwa amancane.

Lapho baxoshwa ka Tarquinia, ngemva kweminyaka engu-9 weRiphabhulikhi eziphoqelelwe isikhundla eziphuthumayo. Umashiqela lokuqala lwaseRoma, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo - Tit Lartsy, ngakolunye - Manius Valery. Izizathu izixazululo ezinjalo ezixakile bambalwa kakhulu: ukulwa naye Latins, emzabalazweni kanye nabalandeli zombusazwe Tarquins abadingisiwe, ukusebenza plebs - kwemibhikisho kubangelwa umfutho ophakeme ezikweletini nasezinsizini umnyuziki okungemthetho.

Omashiqela wamaRoma: zobuntu namandla

Dictator esimisiwe isinqumo esikhethekile somhlangano abameleli. Ngemva ukungena force of omele kakhulu izikhundla lictors neyesifunda zachithwa. Zonke amandla zidluliselwa efisela umashiqela - phambi kwakhe ngaso sonke bonke abanye abantu abavamile. Okuwukuphela induna enkulu zabantu - base engengcwele inviolable, futhi waqhubeka emelela amalungelo plebeians.

Dictator - umuntu endowed onamandla angenamkhawulo. izinqumo zayo ayikwazanga inselele, futhi ukwahlulela ayengakwenza futhi ngesikhathi noma emva kokuphela isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni. Ngemva aphoyintimenti, wathola isihloko ne ukwengeza - imbangela uya khona. Izizathu kungaba: empini, amacala enkantolo ephezulu iphrofayli, izinxushunxushu zombango imidlalo kwezenhlalo kanye namaholide kazwelonke, comitia, kwaqedwa abasebenzi iSigele, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-imithetho emikhulu.

Umusho umashiqela categorical, ngisho abameleli ukulalela isinqumo sakhe. Ekuqaleni ukuba khona etikhundleni tekukhetfwa wayesengaba patricians kuphela, kodwa kusukela BC IV leminyaka. e. futhi plebeians angasho ilungelo ube umholi waseRoma okungavamile. Sulla futhi Yuliy Tsezar wenza isihloko sakhe ukuphila wamnika isihloko izici le nkosi sika.

umashiqela Military Kwakungubani umkhuzi e induna yebutho kanye ukusekela ophakeme amandla esiphezulu. Bengayiqondi ngokugcwele ikakhulukazi ubuhlobo of Beqondiswa imikhandlu zabantu nomashiqela. Umbuzo uwukuthi ubuhlobo igunya nokuzithoba. Azikho ukusula imininingo yohlelo ku wayengaqhubeka kanjani induna ukuba Veto isinqumo we umashiqela.

Ezikhathini ezivamile, inhloko yezwe kwaba inxusa, kodwa amandla akhe yayiba ngu iSigele. Dictator - lesi sikhundla luphakeme amandla abameleli, kungashiwo akhiwa amandla inkosi. Nokho, akakwazanga anqume imibuzo yezezimali, ukuchitha imali yengcebo ngaphandle kwemvume iSigele. Futhi, umashiqela akakwazanga ukuhamba ngaphandle waseRoma, azungeze umuzi ngamahhashi.

"Colonels Board." Ukushintsha incazelo yegama elithi "umbusi 'ngayo ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

Umqondo ubushiqela yesimanjemanje ishintshile. Dictator - umuntu inkululeko amandla aphelele esimweni esibucayi, kodwa phakade. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le baqhubeka isiko kuqalile ngu Sulla futhi Yuliy Tsezar. Phakathi nekhulu le-Athazeksesi, igama elithi "umashiqela" egunyeni asinamingcele hhayi kuphela kuleli zwe, kodwa ngisho izimboni ngabanye.

amandla aphelele akusho isinqumo umuntu oyedwa kuphela - akunakwenzeka. Kodwa izindikimba zokweluleka ngesikhathi kubusa umashiqela abavumelekile kuphela kuma-oda nangentando umholi sika.

Endabeni ka bamba izikhulu amandla revolution kwakhiwa stratocracy. It kubhekwa stratocracy fomu. Kulokhu, izwe kulawulwa lempi, kodwa kukhona ukushintshwa amandla anjalo - kuye ngokuthi ezingeni ithonya abahlaseli ku ukusebenza apharathasi isimo. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo ubushiqela itholakala e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Nasi Junta, ezivame kakhulu phakathi eLatin America. Izwe kubuswa umkhandlu wezempi. Izibonelo izindlela Jorge Videla e-Argentina, u-Augusto Pinochet eChile.

kobushiqela Military e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi zinezikhathi authoritarianism. Izwe kubuswa hhayi ibhodi noma ikomidi, kanye umholi eyodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba iye yahlela umbuso nokubulala u-Idi Amin ngo-Uganda.

Ukuze zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili libhekene izinhlobo ezimbili ubushiqela wezempi: amandla abantu noma umholi olulodwa. Eyokuqala - a wobushiqela, kanti eyesibili - i imibuso kobushiqela republic.

Elikhulu nelesabekayo. I bomashiqela isikhathi sethu

Kwalandela isikhathi izinguquko ezinkulu futhi mlando kudingeka ababusi eqinile. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba acebe ubushiqela yazo zonke izinhlobo nomumo.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani obuswa-Adolf Hitler (eJalimane), Benito uMussolini (Italy), Francisco Franco (Spain) kanye Iosif Stalin (USSR), uNicolae Ceauşescu (Romania); e-Asia - Mao Tszedun (China), Kim Iri Sen (North Korea), Pol Pot (Cambodia), Saddam Hussein (Iraq); eMelika - Fidel Castro (Cuba), u-Augusto Pinochet (Chile); Afrika - Idi Amin (Uganda), u-Omar al-Bashir (Sudan), uMuammar Gaddafi (Libya). Omkhulu Dictator imibuso kwakhiwa ngesisekelo the ubuNazi undlovukayiphikiswa (e-Italy, eJalimane, eSpain), ngesihluku ifomu wobushiqela kahulumeni (eU.SSR China).

Ekuphetheni

Zonke izindlela enifana: kokubusa kobushiqela komholi eyodwa iminyaka eminingi, ukucindezelwa okuhloswe ngaso nezitha inhloko yezwe, a ngabodwa ezithile zezombangazwe nezomnotho, statism, ukulawula eqinile Army.