Ukugwinya: killer whale, noma bokusungula?

Kubantu, Orca whale has idumela omnyama nomhlophe efanayo, kanye ibala lesikhumba sakhe. Abaningi ukuyibiza esincelisayo umndeni Delphinidae whale-killer (killer nama). Russian ulwandle abazingeli Uchaze inkosi olwandle phezu ababambelela yakhe phezulu, efana scythe, fin - "killer whale", nakuba kumibuthano yesayensi abakhuluma isiRashiya-babembiza ngo "Killer." Igama Latin asinikezwa Onomusa, kuzwakala Orcinus Orca. Lezi zilwane ziyimfihlakalo kakhulu, kodwa ososayensi abenza kubo, baphikisa ngokuthi imikhomo ezihlakaniphile ngokungavamile, izilwane nabantu, kodwa tetchy yakhe. Okuthunyelwe njengoba nobuzimu babe ngokweqile nehaba.

Killer imikhomo atholakala kuwo wonke izilwandle nezilwandle, ngaphandle yangaphakathi. Bakhetha ukuthumelelana amanzi epholile imvula. Abantu, lokhu giant yaziwa isikhathi eside. Lapho efika okokuqala esachazwa Pliniy Starshy (wekhulu 1st AD): "Lena entabeni enkulu inyama, ifakwe namazinyo enyantisa igazi, isiphepho nezinye imikhomo, elihlasela kubo, lihlaba like inqama ezempi." Yebo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbulali zingaphansi ngobukhulu isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - blue whale, yena ngesibindi ihlasela ngisho naye.

Ubukhulu killer whale iyamangalisa ngempela. Izinsikazi ukufinyelela ubude ngamamitha ayisikhombisa futhi isisindo kwamathani amane, kanye nabesilisa futhi ezingaphezu kuka-10 metres uphinde uthele kancane 8 wamathani. Usayizi izintokazi nesizotha ungagxambukeli nabo sehhashi: ngemihlambi killer nama ebusa matriarchy esiqinile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesilisa ngeminyaka angeke akushiye konina, ngenkathi indodakazi ukufinyelela ukuguga, ngezinye izikhathi bashiye clan lwakubo namanye amalungu ukuqala iphakethe entsha. Izinhloko zemikhaya abadala "matriarhinya", futhi uzungezwe izingane, abazukulu, abashana nabashana. Iminyaka yokuphila kwabantu besilisa - engu-50, nabesifazane ukuphila isikhathi eside - okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-75.

Killer whale ine eliphansi kakhulu lokuzalwa izinga. Abesifazane kuze kube iminyaka engamashumi amathathu abanasithakazelo wobulili obuhlukile, futhi eminyakeni 40-50 banayo le ntshisekelo kulahleka. iminyaka 10-15, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ihlala isikhathi zokuzala asebenzayo, insikazi ukhiqiza ingenkulu kakhulu isamba kityat ngoba ukukhulelwa ihlala izinyanga 16. Kancane engaphansi kwengxenye zonke amawundlu bafe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni. Imihlambi njalo ukuthula. Ungalokothi livele elwa okwesikhathi ungowesifazane noma owesilisa, abantu enempilo ukusekela abagulayo kanye nabantu abadala. Ngisho lapho izikole ezahlukene neze kuholele izibhelu zezinyamazane ababizwa nangokuthi uhulumeni. Engxenyeni esenyakatho the Pacific Ocean inganqotshwa ngokuphelele abamnyama (melanistic) nomhlophe (albino) abantu abangekho umhlambi ukhonkolo 'izimvu black ".

Orca babe kusuka 40 kuya 48 namazinyo ubude kufika ku-12 cm. Hunts killer whale, okubonisa ubuhlakani obukhulu futhi ukucabanga amasu ikhono. iphakethe kungaba iyahambelana ilandelana, ikholomu, ukuya ezinhlangothini. Ukusebenzisa nenshisekelo inhlanzi kweqembu, amahlengethwa ezidla kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene unamathelise isitsha izinhlanzi, bese uqale okhanda umsila sayo, inhlanzi ekhexisayo. Lapho impango pops up, umkhosi iqala. Orcas kungaba "Waphuma kuFaro evutha ulaka" emhlabathini, ngokuhambisa ngesisu sakhe ebhishi noma iqhwa ukubamba lwezimpawu nezimpawu holidaymakers. Uma imikhomo ungabona ukuthi kwi yeqhwa encane noma pinnipeds kukhona penguins, azilona "Shake", ukushaya ikhanda floe ice. Yonke imikhaya enkulu yabo izintandokazi siqu ekudleni: ezinye ukuzingelwa inhlanzi Shoals, nabanye - I-pinnipeds.

Per umuntu ukuhlaselwa killer whale kuyaqabukela kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Ezindaweni okugcinwa kuzo izinhlanzi, bona sezisungule ngokwabo njengoba izilwane walawula kalula namakhono kwezobuciko. Manje aquarium zomhlaba iqukethe zinhlobo ngu-60. In ekuthunjweni, le shorthead wokuqala owazalwa ngo-1985 (Florida). Kusukela ngo-1946, yaqala ukuvikela umkhomo umbulali, kodwa kwamanye amazwe, njenge-Japan, ukuze uqhubeke yokuzingela umkhomo killer.