Inoveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja": umlando ekudalweni nesiphetho

Inoveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja", umlando ukudalwa okuyinto kuboniswe kulesi sihloko - omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu abalobi Russian of ekuqaleni XX leminyaka Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Indaba ebhaliwe eminyakeni yokuqala kwamandla Soviet, abonisa ngokunembile ukunikezelana kakhulu isimo ezazikhona umphakathi omusha. Ngakho kahle ukuthi kwakungavunyelwe ukuphrinta kuze yokwakha kabusha.

Umlando lokubhala imisebenzi

Inoveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja," indaba kokudaliweyo eladabuka 1925, yabhalwa Bulgakov esikhathini esifushane. Esikhatsini lesingetulu nje izinyanga ezintathu. Ngokwemvelo, njengoba indoda ezinengqondo, wayenokholo okuncane yokuthi umkhiqizo ezifana kungaba inyatheliswe. Ngakho-ke, it is nje kudliwe uhlu wayaziwa kuphela abangane bakhe abaseduze nabangane.

Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe uhulumeni wamaSoviet abokuqala ngo-1926, inoveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Ngo-mlando emlandweni walesi esibukweni ekuseni Soviet empeleni abadlale indima GPU, okuyinto wakuthola lapho kuseshwa yomlobi-7 Meyi. Umbhalo wesandla ziyathathwa. Umlando "Inhliziyo ka Inja" Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye kuhlobene Soviet zomlando amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi. Zonke wathola umbhalo abahleli seziyatholakala abacwaningi kanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo. Bona ingatholakala Russian State Library. Agcinwa uMnyango yesandla. Uma behlaziya ngokucophelela umlando we "Inhliziyo ka Inja" by Bulgakov uvuke phambi wena uqobo.

Ukudalelwa usebenza West

Ngokusemthethweni ukufunda lesi umsebenzi eSoviet Union kwaba ngiyaphupha. Ngo-USSR, it is basakaza kuphela samizdat. Umlando "Inhliziyo ka Inja" wayazi wonke umuntu, eziningi kangaka wazama ukuyifunda, ohlabayo ebuthongweni babo. Ngemva wesandla sekudlule isikhathi esifushane (ngokuvamile kuphela obubodwa), ekuseni kwakufanele sithathelwe indawo yizinto komunye umuntu.

Imizamo ukuphrinta indaba Bulgakov eNtshonalanga zithathwe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Umlando kule noveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja" phesheya waqala ngo-1967. Kodwa kwenzekani engenasici. Umbhalo kukhotshelwe ngokuxhamazela futhi ulondekile. umfelokazi komlobi Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova neze lokho. Ngale kwalokho, ingase hlola ukunemba indaba umbhalo "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Umlando ukudalwa umsebenzi eWestern ukushicilela izindlu wukuthi sebewelele wesandla olungalungile kakhulu.

Ngokokuqala ngqá yanyatheliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1968 kumagazini i-"Ubuso" isiJalimane, ogxile e Frankfurt. Futhi umagazini "Student", okuyinto ezikhiqizwa alek Flegon eLondon. Ngalezo zinsuku, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa umthetho engabhaliwe owawuthi esimweni ukushicilelwa art phesheya ukushicilela kwayo ezweni ngokuzenzakalelayo, kusuka kube nzima. Kwaba njalo umlando ekudalweni futhi "Inhliziyo ka Inja" by Bulgakov. Uzovela ukushicilela indlu Soviet ke kwaba nje ngiyaphupha.

Kukhululwa incwadi yokuqala ka ezweni

ngiyabonga kuphela yokwakha kabusha futhi glasnost zabafundi abakhuluma isiRashiya kwase kutholakala eziningi imisebenzi ukhiye kwekhulu XX. Kuhlanganise "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Umlando zendalo futhi ikusasa indaba yokuthi ekhaya umsebenzi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1987. Kwasekusithi magazini "Inkanyezi".

Nokho, isisekelo esiqine usekhonze zonke ikhophi efanayo olungalungile ngawo indaba yanyatheliswa phesheya. Kamuva, abacwaningi Kulinganiselwa ukuthi equkethwe okungenani eziyinkulungwane amaphutha kanye misstatements. Nokho, kuleli fomu kuze 1989 lanyatheliswa "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Umlando esifushane engalingana emakhasini ambalwa nje kuphela. Empeleni, emashumini badlula phambi indaba wafika umfundi.

umbhalo wokuqala

I ukulungisa AMANGA eyaziwa umcwaningi ngeshwa lokusungula Bulgakov, iqalisa nomcusumbuli etemibhalo noLidiya Yankovskaya.

Uhlelo yemiqulu emibili ye ezikhethiwe imisebenzi Bulgakov , yena kuqala eshicilelwe embhalweni wokuqala njengoba sisazi namuhla. Ngakho it lalotshwa Bulgakov ngokwakhe "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Umlando kwendaba, njengoba sesibonile, kwakungelula.

Uzungu kwendaba

imisebenzi isenzo senzeka khona enhloko-dolobha ngo-1924. Maphakathi - udokotela ohlinzayo abadumile, isayensi inkanyiso filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. Ucwaningo lwakhe main ligxile rejuvenation zomzimba womuntu. Lokhu baphumelele engakaze ibonwe. Ukuze wokubonisana kanye nokusebenza ukuze kulotshiwe cishe umuntu wokuqala kuleli zwe.

Ngo nezifundo, wanquma ku ukuhlola kwakwakhiwa. Ukufakela umuntu inja pituitary. Njengoba isilwane zokuhlola ekhetha egcekeni ezivamile inja ibhola oluphumayo ngandlela-thile abethelwe kuwo ngaphandle. Imiphumela abe ngokoqobo ethusayo. Ngemva kwesikhashana Ball laqala ku umuntu wangempela. Nokho, isimo kanye ukwazi ukuthi usezuze asiphumi inja, futhi phezu izidakwa kanye snapper Klima Chugunkina, eyayinawo indlala pituitary.

Ekuqaleni indaba kwakusakazwa kuphela emibuthanweni zezemfundo phakathi osolwazi kodwa ngokushesha leaked emaphephandzabeni. Ngaze ngezwa ngalokhu ke wonke umuzi. Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo nozakwethu uzwakalise bababuke Ball show odokotela kusuka ezweni lonke. Kodwa filipp Filippovich siqonde kuqala ukuthi yini imiphumela kuyoba ezimbi kulo msebenzi.

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo Ball

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhola, okuyinto yaphenduka isidalwa esingumuntu ephelele, uqala ube nomthelela ongemuhle isishoshovu lamaKhomanisi Shvonder igama. Kulo uphefumulela, ukuthi lena yesigaba sabasebenzi, okuyinto bacindezele onxiwankulu, emelelwa UProfesa Preobrazhensky. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo, okuyinto balwa Okthoba Revolution.

Inikeza hero Shvonder imibhalo. Yena Ball ayisekho futhi yokuthola iqiniso Polygraphovich amabhola. Wahlela ukusebenza enkonzweni wokubamba nokubhujiswa izilwane ezindizayo. Okokuqala, kuba Yiqiniso, nentshisekelo amakati.

Wathonywa Shvonder kanye lamaKhomanisi inkulumo-ze izincwadi Ubuhlalu iqala Uprofesa iluhlaza. Kuyadingeka ukuba ubhalise ngokwabo. Ekugcineni Waloba yokulahlwa odokotela owaphenduka kuye kusukela yenja umuntu. Zonke izophela ehlazweni. Preobrazhenisky abangakwazi ukubekezelela, futhi ngokwengeziwe, ingabe ukusebenza reverse, kubuyisele inja Sharik pituitary. Wagcina ilahlekelwa ubuso zawo ezingabantu futhi wabuyela brutishness.

ukubhinqa zezombusazwe

Lo mkhiqizo - sibonelo esigqamile ebukhali ukubhinqa zezombusazwe. Incazelo ezivamile lihlotshaniswa wokuphika yesigaba sabasebenzi ukwazi Awakening ngenxa ka-October Revolution. Amabhola kuyinto isithombe engokomfanekiso le lumpenproletariat classical, ngubani, esethole inombolo kungalindelekile enkulu amalungelo nenkululeko, it is ekuqaleni ukukhombisa izithakazelo zobugovu.

Isiphetho yokugcina Abadali indaba Sharikova ubukeka kuzenzakalele. Lokhu, ngokusho abacwaningi abaningi, Bulgakov wabikezela mass repressions esizayo we 30s. Ngenxa yalokho, baba lusizi amaKhomanisi abaningi abaqotho, ababeziqhenya wathola ukunqoba lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ngenxa yalokho sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini babo badutshulwe, futhi abanye badingiselwa emakamu.

Isiphetho futhi yasungulwa Bulgakov, kubonakala sengathi abaningi yokufakelwa.

Amabhola - a Stalin

Kukhona omunye ukuchaza indaba. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba ukubhinqa abukhali zezombusazwe ubuholi wezwe, okuyinto uye wasebenza 20s maphakathi.

Sharikova prototype empilweni, Iosif uStalin. Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba lokuthi kokubili "Iron" igama lomndeni. Khumbula ukuthi igama lokuqala lomuntu utshalwe inja pituitary - Klim Chugunkin. Ngokusho lokhu izincwadi, sibonelo uprofesa isimo wayengumholi wempi inguquko, uVladimir Lenin. Kanye nomsizi wakhe uDkt Bormental okungukuthi njalo buphikisana ibhola - kuyinto Trotsky, ogama lakhe langempela - Bronstein. Futhi Bormental futhi Bronstein - izibongo abangamaJuda.

Ingabe prototypes for nezinye izinhlamvu. Umsizi Preobrazhenskogo Zina - kuyinto Zinoviev, Shvonder - Stone noDaria - Dzerzhinsky.

ukucwaninga Soviet

indima ebalulekile emlandweni ukudalwa le ucezu eyadlalwa censors Soviet. In umagazini wokuqala kule noveli equkethwe izinkomba ngqo izibalo zombusazwe sikhathi.

Bulgakov enhliziyweni yakhe wayenethemba kushicilelwe. Futhi ngisho walithatha kuya lwencwadi "Nadra". Kodwa kusukela lapho-ke banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukuthumela osuhunyushwe Glavlit, okwadingeka ukuba uvumele okuqukethwe umagazini. Ngakho ngakubona abahleli alithembekile.

Omunye amakhophi wesandla yawela ezandleni Kamenev, ubani yena wanithwesa ukuvinjelwa okuqinile ukushicilelwa noveli ngokuthi 'iphamfulethi abukhali okwamanje. " Umsebenzi samizdat yaqala ukusakaza ezandleni kuphela kusukela 30s. Lodumo njengoba lonke lelo zwe iye yazuza kamuva kakhulu - phakathi yokwakha kabusha