Life kanye umsebenzi Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich wazalwa ngo-1891, 3 (15) ka-May. Yazalwa ngo-Kiev. Abazali yomlobi esizayo - UBarbara M. (nee intercession), uthisha, ngemva - umhloli ku izifundo zabesifazane. Ubaba - njengoba uthisha, wayesebenza e-Kiev Theological Academy. Michael wayeyindodana endala emkhayeni omkhulu lapho kwakukhona amasiko kunamandla kakhulu. Ukudala Bulgakov futhi yomlando wakhe, sizobe ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

Isifundo esikoleni esiphakeme, abanothando yaseshashalazini, izincwadi, umshado

Ezemfundo labetibambile wokuqala walo e Kiev sokuzivocavoca. Umlobi esizayo iziqu emamaki esihle ezimbili kuphela - ngokuvumelana umthetho kaNkulunkulu, nokuma kwezwe. Ngalesi sikhathi unesithakazelo yaseshashalazini (eyaziwa, kwenta sibonelo, ngekuletsa inhliziyo "Aida" futhi "Faust") ifundeka kanje: "ngentshiseko" Saltykov- Shchedrina futhi Gogol zivele umkhiqizo wokuqala, okuyinto ukusebenza Bulgakov kuphawulwe.

Ngo-1907, kwashona ubaba wakhe. Ngo-1913, Bulgakov washada TN Lappe.

udokotela umsebenzi

Inkathi esukela 1916 1917 - ekupheleni Kiev University, lapho afundela khona e-Faculty of Medicine. Esekhululiwe ucingo lesi sifo, sinesithakazelo ekutheni umsunguli eya Zemstvo esibhedlela uya khona. Le ndawo yayisesigodini edolobhaneni Nikolskoye (sifundazwe Smolensk). Futhi emva kwesikhashana waya Vyazma. "Amanothi we udokotela osemncane" zalotshelwa esekelwe isipiliyoni etholwe ngalesi sikhathi.

Prakthiza ekhatsi Kiev

Ngo-1918 Bulgakov wabuyela Kiev, lapho ezama bahlanganyele kwezokwelapha (yangasese - indlela izifo volnopraktikuyuschy Venereal). Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuvumelana umbhali, wabizwa ngokuthi udokotela enkonzweni njalo yibo bonke neziphathimandla ngubani sahlala komuzi. Kodwa Bulgakov wakwazi ukuphunyuka, futhi iRed Army, futhi kusukela Petliura, "bahlanganyele" kuye.

ukuya empini, umsebenzi professional kwezincwadi

Ngo 1919-1920 imicimbi elandelayo zenzeka ekuphileni somlobi. Bulgakov ukuthi "viva" Denikin futhi ithunyelwa North eCaucasus ne Echelon. Lapha, waqala ukusebenzisa ezincwadini lochwepheshe: ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona izindaba kuqala amaphephandaba we eVladikavkaz kanye Grozny, ezembula ukuhamba uzwela ezimhlophe, bezibona njengendlela "amashwa zomlando," le abdication Nicholas II, njll Ubelokhu abathintekayo njengoba udokotela ekulweni. Denikin, emuva ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa we iRed Army, waphonsa typhus Bulgakov kudingeka bazibonele, eyasebenza njengodonga isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukuphoxeka kulezi "amaqabane-e-izingalo." Mr Mikhail iqala ukufika obomvu umsebenzi sub-division kwezobuciko. umsebenzi waso kwakuyindishi imibiko mayelana laseChekhov futhi Pushkin, ebhalela ethiyetha kudlala endawo, elinye lawo lapho, ebizwa ngokuthi "Paris isigodi", waze waya eMoscow, sithembele impumelelo isikhangiso kuleli dolobha mncintiswano.

Ukuhambisa eMoscow

Ngo-1921, Mr Mikhail efika e Moscow, lapho wahamba wayosebenza e-post uNobhala eMnyangweni kwemibhalo Wabantu Commissariat. Beyofuna umsebenzi ukuze ekuqaleni nep, wayevame eshintsha indawo yakhe yesevisi: umhleli in the umlando omunye yangasese amaphephandaba, nosaziwayo, onjiniyela, njll Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke luhlala phezu izingadi, efulethini endlini zomphakathi, kanye ingeyamakhosi nomkhiqizi ugwayi. Kaningi mores efulethini №50 kuzokwenzeka ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi ezakha umsebenzi Bulgakov.

Ngo-1922, Mr Mikhail ngenkuthalo inyatheliswe cindezela - komagazini ezifana "uphondo", "Umsebenzi", "umagazini Red kubo bonke", "ujantshi", "Krasnaya Niva" nabanye.

Cooperation ku "Ukudayela ithoni", imisebenzi emisha kanye umshado

Isikhathi kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1926 - ngokubambisana neNhlangano iphephandaba ngaphansi kwegama "Whistle" bese kunyatheliswa "olwandulela" e Berlin iphephandaba isiRashiya, ogama umhleli - AN UTolstoy, ngaleso sikhathi sasingakafiki abuya ekuthunjweni.

Life kanye umsebenzi Bulgakov kule minyaka 1923-1924 ukwethula imicimbi elandelayo ezimbili ezinkulu. Ngo-1923 ibonakala noveli "Amanothi phezu cuffs." Ngonyaka olandelayo, Mr Mikhail ihlangabezana L. E. Belozerskoy, wabuya ekudingisweni e-Paris, ashade naye.

Ngo-1925, umsebenzi Bulgakov iyaqhubeka. Ivela "Diaboliad" - iqoqo lokuqala, ehlanganisa izindaba satirical. Wabe uyakhamba iqoqo lezindatshana ezimnandi ngokuthi "The Fatal Amaqanda". Lo nyaka futhi kumakwe ukudalwa wesandla "Inhliziyo ka Inja" - umsebenzi ukuthi lanyatheliswa eminyakeni kuphela emva 60.

Ukucinga Bulgakov

Ngo-May 1926, Bulgakov kwenziwe yi yokusesha OGPU, thatha lo mbhalo wesandla ngenhla, kanye Diaries. Umlobi, ebhekisela ngokuphindaphindiwe emcela ukuba ubuyele lezi zinto hhayi ukuthola kulabo izicelo, ayikho impendulo, uthi ke maduze bazophoqeleka aphume Russian Union of Abalobi ngokweyisa. Ngemva kwalokhu iphepha, kuhlanganise umbhalo wesandla ka "Inhliziyo Yomuntu Inja" Bulgakov wabuya.

Imisebenzi iminyaka 1925-1928

Eminyakeni 1925-1926 kufika umjikelezo "Izindaba", kanye iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha onesihloko esithi "Amanothi we udokotela osemncane."

Ukuze kwesikhathi kusukela eminyakeni 1925 kuya 1927 kukhona imicimbi elandelayo. inoveli "I iWhite Guard" yadalwa. Lapho echaza yakhe play "Izinsuku Turbin" kwalotshwa futhi zilethwe ngo-1926, okuyinto premiered ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre owawuse ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1928 UMikhail Bulgakov, okuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi okwethulwa kulesi iphepha, ubhale play ngokuthi "Running", kuphela ngo-1957, lapho bebona izilaleli.

Ngo-1926 futhi play "Zoyka efulethini" yadalwa, okwakubekelwa okuhleliwe ngesikhathi Vakhtangov Theatre. Kanye "Izinsuku Turbin," kwathiwa ngokushesha kuhoxiswe ngenxa tendentious ukugxekwa ingcindezi.

Ngo-1928 - eyodwa ngaphezulu ucezu for ethiyetha ( "Crimson Isiqhingi"). Nokho, ukuthi wathunyelwa Chamber Theatre ngawo lowo nyaka, futhi kulesi sikhathi cishe ngokushesha play wawuvinjelwe.

Ukuhlolwa lokusungula Bulgakov kwemibhalo

kwemibhalo 1920 ngasekupheleni kulinganiselwa umsebenzi UMikhail Bulgakov sika ngokucijile ezimbi. Imisebenzi yakhe awazange eshicilelwe, musa ukudlala esiteji. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwana eyaziwa ezingezinhle mayelana ukudlala "Ukugijima" kukaStalin, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, kuyinto "ngumkhuba emelene ngempela namaSoviet." "Ukusingathwa iphepha" ngokuthi umholi we "Crimson Isiqhingi". I yoshushiso - Bulgakov Biography futhi lokusungula zazo ngokuvamile phambi zaziphawuleka ngokungabi imiphumela emibi ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet, uhlala ngaphandle umsebenzi ngakhoke ngaphandle izindlela, ubhala "UHulumeni wase-USSR" uhlamvu futhi ithumela yona le amakheli eziyisikhombisa izikhungo ezahlukene amandla. Ukuzama ukuqonda isiphetho sabo, wachaza ayeyibhalela yayo isikhundla lombhali, ethi ukuthi wayekhetha Elikhulu Revolution we Evolution Omkhulu, okungukuthi lemvelo, ngokombono wakhe, inkambo kancane kancane umlando. Ukuze uthole efulethini Mihailu Afanasevichu ngo-1930 Ephreli 18 ngokuthi Stalin yena, futhi ngenxa le ngxoxo, umbhali wathembisa ukunikeza imisebenzi ku Moscow Art Theatre. isimo ngeziphansi yesivumelwano kwaba ukudalwa ukudumisa umsebenzi umholi. Kamuva, ngo-1939, play yalotshwa nini, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Batum", isitshela indaba "umholi Young." Nokho, futhi okuqukethwe noma yayo ithoni amandla lelandzisako akazange ukwanelisa.

Sebenza eMoscow Art Theatre

Kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi empilweni YaseMoscow Art Theatre Bulgakov futhi asebenze sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Bulgakov kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 e-yaseshashalazini uye wakhonza njengomdala umqondisi umsizi. It libiza le nkathi yokuphila kwakhe uthando Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), kamuva owaba inkosikazi yakhe.

Udlala esithi "UAdamu NoEva," livela 1931. Ngalesi futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, wabhala isiteji UTolstoy sika "Impi Nokuthula" ngomyalo we Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza engavuswanga.

Ngo-1932, kwaba khona lithathelwe esiteji of "Imiphefumulo Dead" Gogol sika. Wabuyela umbukeli (ngomyalo siqu kukaStalin) "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi."

idrama ethi "Cabal of Bazenzisi" yadalwa eminyakeni 1930-1936, setha ngo-1943. Lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe umsebenzi "The Life of Mnumzane de Moliere," indaba oluchaza, e 1932-1933. It yanyatheliswa ngo-1962.

Esinye isiqeshana, "Bliss", eyakhululwa ngo-1934 (hhayi eshicilelwe kuze 1966).

Ngo 1934-1935 GG. phandle idrama onesihloko esithi "Izinsuku Zokugcina", setha esiteji ngo 1943. Ekuqaleni wayezelwe ngokubambisana V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov uyayilahla "sibuyekeze"

Inkathi esukela 1934 kuya 1936 kuphawulwa imicimbi elandelayo. Kukhona play Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Lokhu kulethwa kolungiselela ingubo ngesikhathi Theatre of Ihlaya umsebenzi likhishwa nje elingaphambi kwesizini. Umlobi enkathini esukela ku-1928 kuya ku-1936, kungekho into eyodwa alishicilelwanga, kanye esiteji hhayi yocezu olulodwa, elimelela yasekuqaleni usebenza MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail ngenkani uyenqaba "ushintsho", umtshela (isibonelo, "reforge" esinye nesinye isiphathiswa emhlophe kusukela umkhiqizo "Running" ukuqedela wamavukelambuso ingoma choral "Crimson Island," njll).

imisebenzi kwakamuva

Eminyakeni 1936-1937 "Theatrical Inoveli" sidalwe (umsebenzi sidle). It yanyatheliswa ngo-1965.

Bulgakov ngo-1938, wakha play ngokuthi "Don Quixote." Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1930 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe futhi waqhubeka esebenza emsebenzini yakhe edume kunazo zonke, okuyinto ebaluliwe namuhla kwasekuqaleni, ukutadisha umsebenzi Bulgakov - "Umninimuzi UMargarita".

Bulgakov ngo-1940, washona ngo eMoscow kusukela isifo sezinso, ukuthi nomkhaya wakhe lezinceku (badlula nguyise umbhali).

Lokhu uqeda nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi UMikhail Bulgakov - manje kuqashelwa njengoba Classic kwezincwadi Russian.