Muscovy: nokwakha isiko lokuphatha ezikhathini zanamuhla

Muscovy noma Moscovia - igama Russian ngoba inkathi kusukela ekuqaleni wokubusa Ivan III (1478) kuze kube ukudluliselwa enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe Petersburg (1712). Ngezinye izikhathi lo mkhawulo isikhathi ngonyaka 1547.

Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze ngokuthi naseRussia ngaphambi uPetru umbuso Omkhulu eMoscow sebemukele futhi kusekelwa mlando kwekhulu le-19, ngoba ayesekelwe yokuthi capitals ukuqhela. Ososayensi of nenkathi yamaSoviet aye amukela leli gama.

Phakathi nokubusa Ivan le Kubi, welithi "Muscovy" okukhulunywa ngokwencazelo yaleli le ubukhulu eMoscow njengengxenye Empire Russian.

Inqubo kumiswa isimo Russian, okuyinto, ngaphezu ubukhulu eMoscow nakakhulu, yayihlanganisa le Republic of Novgorod, futhi Yaroslavl, Tver, Rostov, futhi ngokwengxenye kusukela Ryazan ubukhulu nedolobha Chernihiv, Bryansk, Novgorod-Seversky badukiswa ukuthuthukiswa izici zamasiko kanye kumiswa elikhethekile elithi "sub-isiko".

Ngemva kokushona kwelanga, le Kievan Rus isiko ka Muscovy basungula at ngendlela ekhetheke kakhulu. It ayizange yamukelwe ngu indlela okuqhutshwa ngayo amazwe Christian entshonalanga. Kumiswa izici zamasiko kwakubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ezicini yendawo zezombusazwe. Russian State akuzange kube njengokungathi ujoyina noma kuya entshonalanga noma isiqondiso empumalanga izenzakalo ezingokomlando. Kodwa, nokho, ugxile eziningi izici zombili izizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa yezwe yathonya iSonto Lobu-Orthodox futhi emikhubeni yobuqaba.

Muscovy ukuthi kakhulu ukuthonywa Golden zidlamlilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ijoka Tatar-Mongol kakhulu behlisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko bezwe isiRashiya, wafika emzini libhujisiwe, walahlekelwa yezandla eziningi namasiko ukulima. Izwe waphonswa emuva ngesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye zazo ziyangqubuzana elala zidlamlilo ethunyelwe isimo ukuthuthukiswa lonke indlela entsha.

Ngakho, uhlelo setepolitiki e Muscovy 15 leminyaka Sibhalwe Imprint elinamandla asempumalanga. Lokhu kubonakala despotic lawula ukusekela ngokulondoloza uhlelo bese yokuphila ngokuvamile.

Izici eziningi zomhlaba, nobuntu Russia ephakathi, kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya eMpumalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge kokuwa kweConstantinople, Russia iqaphela ngokwaso njengoba wasemuva kuphela wamasiko kanye nakakhulu kude emazweni asentshonalanga ngomqondo kwamasiko.

Ngenxa umthelela zonke lezi zici, isimo Muscovite ngekhulu le-16, libhekene izici ezilandelayo isiko futhi ubuzwe.

Isici ingokomoya East kuhlangene isifiso sokuba inkululeko esivela kubantu kwezincwadi eNtshonalanga.

Kulokhu, ukwazi siqu kwaba collectivism kancane evelele lanqoba. Ubu-Orthodox kwaba lunqume kumiswa sengqondo. Ngakho, lo mkhulu ukubaluleka izici atholwe ezifana wokuzidela, ukuzibeka emuva, ukwamukela Isiphelo sakhe.

Ngo uhlelo ukubaluleka umuntu langaleso sikhathi omunye endaweni emaphakathi kuhlala isimo kanye timfuno tesive. Umqondo lenkaba kubaluleke kakhulu abantu Russian njalo.

Kusukela umbono ukuthuthukiswa isiko kwekhulu le-17 kuyinto senguquko. Ukushintsha uhlelo emagugu yalelozwe. Esikhundleni bezibona cyclical isikhathi eze imiqondo ezifana esidlule, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.

Moscow State ngo 16-17 eminyaka waya ngendlela kumiswa umlingisi kazwelonke njengoba inhlanganisela esitebeleni izici ukuthi sesizwe. Kwaba ekhulwini le-17, le nhlanganisela iba okuqaphelekayo, futhi aqale ukuchaza namanye amasiko.

Futhi, ngesikhathi umbuso eMoscow kuba inqubo kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa art ethonyeni canons isonto. Ekhulwini le-16 udale enkulu indaba imisebenzi kanye zamasiko epics ukuza esikhundleni inoveli zomlando.

Ekhulwini le-17 izimpawu zokuqala baqala ukuvela isiko elisha isikhathi.

Singasho ukuthi kusukela 14 kuya ekhulwini le-17 e Muscovy iphutha ukwakheka Omkhulu ethnos Russian kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko. Lesi sikhathi futhi libhekene lokuzibusa ka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Lezi zinguquko ziye luwuthinte ukuqhubeka Russia.