Usiko ezikhathini zanamuhla: inkinga of periodization, isici, izici zayo

isiko Human ifaniswe, mhlawumbe, ne olungenamkhawulo grey ulwandle. Ngo ekujuleni zalo ukucasha ingcebo ezingenakubalwa yokucabanga, yobuciko eziyingqayizivele umculo imidwebo, izakhiwo kanye cinema, isayensi nobuchwepheshe, abakhulu okutholakele womhlaba , futhi ukuze uye kuchazwe ukubukeka kwethu okungokomoya namuhla okuningi. Isintu esikhathini sakhe wayazi izizwe eziningi zaqala Ushiye kunobufakazi ababalulekile ku isiphetho izingane, noma zibekwe phezu kokuthile lwanyamalala benganakwa muntu. Njalo khetha amaqhawe abo, abaholi bawo benkolo, futhi has izici zayo siqu esiyingqayizivele.

Esikhundleni Zobumnyama kufika inkathi elithakazelisayo, okuthiwa isikhathi okusha. A isiko ezikhathini zanamuhla uye waba ngumzuzu ocacisa emlandweni okhokho bethu ngezindlela eziningi kunqunywa kokwabiwa kwamandla izenzakalo.

izinkinga of periodization

Umqondo "yobudala entsha" kunalokho ngokungenasizathu futhi ungaqondakali. Ngoba ifaka uzimele isikhathi sokufundisa kuphela ethize, kodwa futhi ezingeni entsha yokucabanga, umbono omusha zomhlaba, ukunwetshwa isikhala kwamasiko nabanengqondo. entsha isikhathi isiko kusekelwe izimiso Yempucuko abaphika. Kuyinto ba owasungula umqondo ukwehlukana emlandweni wesintu izinkathi lasendulo, maphakathi kanye entsha. Njengoba iphuzu reference njengesisekelo le periodization babo bagcina isimiso emisha emkhakheni amasiko, hhayi kuphela e-nokusizakala kwezomnotho nezokuhlalisana. I ukuchaza le ndlela ulula: emva ukuzitika Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, ngokushushiswa isayensi, lapho ukubusa elifundisayo leSonto zonke imikhakha zomphakathi kanye nezizimele Revival ukuphila nemibono yakhe enenqubekela phambili futhi amahlumela zokuqala yelinyenti, irhuluphelo yokwanda womuntu avumelanayo umcabango ngokwesayensi, ukutholakala kanye nokuthuthukiswa emazweni amasha beqonda abafundile abantu njengoba umoya onika ukuphila nomoya opholile. Futhi isiko ezikhathini zanamuhla ukuwugcina ngokuphelele, okuyinto lokhu imibono yokungabi nandaba. Kodwa akuwona wonke amazwe ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, babe ezingeni elifanayo sokuthuthukisa amasiko nezomnotho, akubona bonke abantu babe ngokulinganayo ophucuzekile. Futhi kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanye isitatimende zobuntu Yokukhanyiselwa, iNguquko, ngezinye izikhathi kulahliwe kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule e okushisekela Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, izangoma show nokulingwa, njll ERussia Leli dolobha lake lachuma serfdom. Notre Dame de Paris eFrance, kanye okungenakufa Roman Gyugo, isibe omunye izinhlamvu ibaluleke kakhulu, lokhu isikhathi sokuzindla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokuphumelela ngempumelelo ephezulu, indiza umcabango yokudala nomoya, ngakolunye - yesaba engaziwa, ezingaziwa enze umsebenzi wobugqila izici umphefumulo. Noma kunjalo, enkathini entsha isikhathi ikufakazele ukuthi akahlanganisiwe obhekwe Europe akuyona kuphela zezombusazwe, kodwa futhi maphakathi ezingokomoya zezwe futhi ihambisa ukukhinyabezeka kwayo bokusungula, ezombusazwe kanye lobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe nezizwe. impucuko European isibe eziphambili kakhulu futhi enamandla ngaleso sikhathi.

Emibuthanweni zezemfundo, kungekho ukuvumelana phakathi odabeni periodization.

• Ezinye izazi-mlando zisikisela ngokuba waqala inkathi ukuthatha amaNgisi Revolution of 1640, unyaka lapho abantu onxiwankulu ngaphansi kobuholi Cromwell ukuthi kuphulwe umthetho hhayi kuphela amandla kodwa futhi nokuphila kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi, ukubulawa yenkosi noKarla Styuarta.
• Kwabanye, inkathi kanye nesiko ezikhathini zanamuhla ezingaphezu kuka ukuhlangabezana iphuzu enjalo reference, njengoba Yezinguquko 1517, unyaka kanye imisebenzi Luther.
• Iqembu lesithathu lososayensi njengoba predominating ngokuthi usuku ukutholakala of America, bamba abaseTurkey inhlokodolobha WaseByzantium omkhulu waseConstantinople, French Revolution e 1789, unyaka.
• Ukuphela kwenkathi entsha kanye nomhlaba obhekwe umlando owayephila ngesikhathi historiography Western libizwa kwaqedwa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi isayensi Soviet ayebhekwa ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa, futhi lokhu kubhikisha we amaBolshevik.

Era okusha - nesiko elisha

Ngobuhle Inkathi New Age bukaJehova kubonakala isiko laso kwezobuciko ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu division sezwe sezombangazwe, yizimpi nokuvukela, isiko kwezobuciko ezikhathini zanamuhla lwalungaba ezintsha eziye zangena ukwazi aseYurophu ngohlobo komngane oseduze ne ukuphila kwelivekati le-Afrika naseNdiya, nefilosofi yayo yasekuqaleni, ekutholakaleni Melika nokuphila, isiko, izinganekwane, ubuciko bayo zomdabu abantu, sisondelene eMpumalanga inkolo Muslim.

Ubuciko ku New Era akuyona waqonda njengoba iholidi fun emishikashikeni (engqondweni nasemzimbeni) kanye uyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wokudala. Usesho Olukhulu kule ndawo kuye kwaholela ukudalwa izwe art izitayela ezifana Baroque enhle imiphumela yayo yangaphandle, futhi endulo eliqoshiwe, classicism ngokuqinile ukukhazinyuliswa yakhe evamile isizathu futhi ingqondo, umuzwa sigubha imizwa inhliziyo akaphakeme rationalism, okwangempela futhi ukuvala ukunakekela komphefumulo womuntu, futhi zokusesha adla i-methane ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, futhi ekugcineni, okubizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza ohlehlela emuva.

Yona kanye nobunjalo okuqinisekile, ashukumisayo futhi amadlingozi, kube okubangelwa ezihlukahlukene izitayela kanye izitayela ukuthi akukona nje indawo nomunye, kodwa Bahlala ngisho zalwa njengama- ngaphakathi umsebenzi owodwa esiyingcweti, futhi ngaphakathi kakhulu ngendlela yobuciko ezikoleni. Into esemqoka ukuthi phakathi konke wayengumuntu, umuntu. Ngaye njengoba ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu, olwenziwa isikhathi cwaningo futhi ubonisa it in izakhiwo, ebaziwe, imidwebo, njll Futhi zonke izitayela kwamasiko kanye nobuciko kwenkathi kubonakala emzabalazweni abantu ubulungiswa emphakathini nengokomoya uyakufanelekela khona kwabo emphakathini okhululekile.