Sezombusazwe Afghan Mohammad Najibullah: Biography, umlando kanye indlela yokuphila

Devotee izikhathi eziningi, Mohammad Najibullah wathola amandla hhayi ukukhaphela abantu babo futhi ezweni labo. ukukhishwa Emibi kalowo owayengumengameli washaqeka abasekeli bakhe nje kuphela kodwa futhi izitha kwabacasula bonke abantu Afghan.

biography

Mohammed Najibullah - Isikhulu sikahulumeni, umongameli we-Afghanistan kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1992. Wazalelwa endaweni yase Milan, eduze kwedolobha Gardez, August 6, 1947. Uyise, Akhtar Mohammad wasebenza enxuseni e Peshawar, umkhulu - umholi Ahmedzai isizwe. Mohammad Najibullah ebuntwaneni wachitha eduze komngcele Pak-Afghan, lapho kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme.

Ngo-1965 Najibullah wajoyina Democratic Party yaholela emthethweni abafundi emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi. Ngo-1969 waphinde waboshwa ngecala ukubiza abantu ukulungiswa lokho kuvukela, iqhaza imiboniso kanye iziteleka. Ngo-January 1970 waphinde waboshwa, kulokhu udelele United States futhi wenze okuphambene ukungathathi hlangothi kuleli zwe. Phakathi ukuboniswa, yena kanye nabanye abafundi waphonsa amaqanda umshini uSpiro Agnew - Vice-President of the United States.

Ukudingiswa lokuqala

Ngo-1975, Mohammad Najibullah iziqu University Medical e Kabul, bese ebhekiwe nakakhulu imisebenzi iqembu, ngo-1977 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile leKomiti Central of the People sika-Democratic Party yase-Afghanistan. Ngemva inguquko wahola e Saur Revolutionary Council futhi kungamiswa ikomiti ephathini Kabul. Kodwa ukungavumelani eqenjini kwamphoqa bayishiye inhloko-dolobha, Najibullah wathunyelwa Iran njengoba yinxusa. Kodwa ngo-October 1978 lapho uye wasuswa kusukela ehhovisi wancishwa yisakhamuzi, lapho Mohammad Najibullah waphoqeleka ukuya eMoscow, lapho ayecashe uDisemba 1979 kuze amabutho aseSoviet akazange abangenanga emkhawulweni Afghanistan.

Amazing

Emuva kuleli zwe, Najibullah waqala ukuhola imibutho yezokuphepha, wenyusa inani labasebenzi yayo abasebenzi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu, abantu ngokuyinhloko 120 wasebenza lezokuphepha. Kodwa wabe akuvumelekile ukusebenza ngokuthula, izinhlangano eziningi, kuhlanganise "I-Amnesty International", bammangalela ukuhileleka ukwephulwa Ukuboshwa ngokungemthetho, ukuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu. Kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi la macala wayengekho, lapho ekhonza khad sasiyingxenye kungekho ukwesaba mass nokubhujiswa kwabantu bakubo njengoba phakathi nokubusa Amin.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - UMengameli

Novemba 30, 1986, Najibullah akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-Afghanistan. Kodwa kusukela ekufikeni kwakhe ekuholeni ezweni ngo iphathi iqale futhi yokuhlukanisa: ezinye Karmal asekelwe, elinye - umongameli wamanje. Ukuze ngandlela-thile buyisana amaqembu alwayo, ngo-January 1987-ke wazitholela isimemezelo 'ku ukubuyisana kuzwelonke. " Declaration sinquma kwaphela impi asebenzayo futhi alungise ukungqubuzana ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo zokuthula.

Ngo-December 1989, zingakapheli izinsuku emva amabutho aseSoviet wasuka Afghanistan, mujahideen lahlasela le Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah yamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo kuleli zwe. Mashi 5, 1990, icala halkistami baboshwe. Besabela kuleso simemo, uNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela wezwe Shahnawaz Tanai ihlelwe ukuvukela ahlomile. Uvikelekile kwelinye bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah ngaphambilini ukucindezelwa yokuhlubuka, abaphikisana echotshozwa kuka-March. Umhleli ukuvukela wabalekela Pakistan, lapho kamuva bajoyine band Hekmatyar.

Ukukhaphela nxazonke

Ngo-1990, Shevardnadze ezihlongozwayo ukuqeda Commission ukusebenza e-Afghanistan, isinqumo ukuvuma kwayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunqanda supply of izingalo. Ngakho, izwe wasala ngaphandle kokusekelwa eSoviet Union, futhi nalo, futhi uMongameli Nadzhibulla Mohammad. isayensi Political - isayensi iyashintsha nabangaqinile bakuhlanekezela, igalelo olandelayo kwaba US. Ngo-1991, Dzheyms Beyker ngemvume isimemezelo ku ekunqanyulweni kwe izikhali neziqhumane izimpahla ezingqubuzanayo amaqembu e-Afghanistan. Lokhu kwalinciphisa kakhulu ithonya Najibullah. April 16, 1992 kubaqoqi Najibullah yakhe okuthunyelwe Abdur Rahim Hatefu, ngubani wagabadela zesikhashana likaMengameli. Futhi-April walowo nyaka , Jikelele Dostum ihlelwe umbuso ukuthi alethwe amandla mujahideen.

In autumn 1992, ojenene Hekmatyar futhi Massoud asolana ekhaphela beshiya lempi imishini nezikhali emafektri, washiya Kabul. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eSoviet Union kwavala lenxusa yayo e-Afghanistan. Najibullah nabasekeli bakhe ahlinzekwa ukukhoseliswa ezombusazwe ukuba amazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise naseRussia US, kodwa wanquma ukuhlala Kabul, engathandi ukuba baphonse izwe libe isikhathi olunzima kangaka.

Ngaphambi ukuthunjwa emzini bakwazi ngisho nokushushumbisa umkakhe nodadewabo nezingane e Delhi. Ngo Kabul, babe umfowabo Shapur Ahmadzai, samaphoyisa Dzhafsar, ihloko ye-ofisi ye Nadzhibulla Mohammad Toohey. Uhambo zokuphila zaphoqa owake waba ngumengameli aphephele Embassy of India, bese ku-United Nations. Uhulumeni wezwe, njalo siguqula ngo-1995 no-1996, bafuna ngodli ukukhipha Najibullah. I nzima Kwaba buhlungu wamshaya ngokumelene umbimbi wangaphambili. Kozyrev (uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle) wathi eMoscow akafuni ukuba lutho izinsalela umbuso lwangaphambilini Afghanistan.

The Last iqhawe

Septhemba 26, 1996, i-Taliban athumba dolobha Afghan, Kabul, Najibullah nabasekeli bakhe ezathathwa ehhovisi UN. Yena wacelwa ukuba ngisayine ku ukuqashelwa yomngcele Pakistan-Afghan, kodwa wenqaba. Ngemva sokuhlushwa olunzima, wagwetshwa ukufa uMongameli wangaphambilini Mohammad Najibullah. Ukubulawa senzeka 27 Septhemba, Najibullah nomfowabo iboshelwe emotweni, bahudulelwa isigodlo sikamongameli, lapho ke walengiswa.

Bury Najibullah ngamasiko Islam Taliban uvinjelwe, kodwa abantu usakhunjulwa futhi ahlonishwe inkumbulo yakhe: abantu e Peshawar futhi Quetta ukufunda ngasese emthandazweni wakhe. Lapho isidumbu sakhe namanje wedluliselwa isizwe, Red Cross, Ahmadzai lapho umkhulu wakhe wayengumholi wempi, wangcwatshwa edolobheni lakhe lokuzalwa Gardez.

Ngonyaka ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo weshumi nambili ka-kokufa Najibullah lokuqala eqoqwe rally ukuze kuhlonishwe inkumbulo yakhe. Inhloko Party Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel wasikisela ukuba Mohammad Najibullah wabulawa izitha futhi bayizitha zabantu phezu oda kusukela ngaphandle. A 2008 inhlolovo abahlali wabonisa ukuthi 93,2% labantu babe esivuna Najibullah.