Amadodana Vladimira Monomaha: amagama kanye nomlando wabo

Omkhulu Kiev Prince uVladimir Monomakh wehlela emlandweni njengoba abanamakhono sikahulumeni, sazi futhi umbhali. Wakwazi isikhathi ukuyeka sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini nokwahlukana isimo ku principalities encane, ukuze awuvikele kuphangwa Polovtsy nesimo enkundleni ngamazwe. yobudala waso kwakuyindishi ngempela eside ngesikhathi. Prince ubusa iminyaka engu-20 kuya eminyakeni engu-71. A indima enkulu ukugcina ubuqotho isimo kudlalwa amadodana Vladimira Monomaha ezathatha amatafula kwesikhulu emadolobheni abalulekile enkulu futhi iningi osendaweni.

Unkosikazi Vladimira Monomaha

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uVladimir Monomakh wayeshadile okungenani kabili. Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba British Princess Gita Uessekskaya - indodakazi yenkosi uHarold II. Ngemva kokufa kukayise wakhe, yena, kuhlanganise nobungane nabafowethu nodadewethu eziningana wabalekela Flanders ke eDenmark. Ngo 1074 eseneminyaka eshadile uVladimir Monomakh. mlando Russian futhi philologist nazarenko AV kusikisela ukuthi bahlanganyela Yenkolo Yokuqala, wafa, wembelwa e Palestine azungeze 1098 Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo kwenzeka Smolensk e 1107 ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi abantwana Vladimira Monomaha bezalwa umshado wokuqala, akunakwenzeka. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa kuphela maqondana Mstislav, Izyaslav futhi Svyatoslav. Kungenzeka ukuthi Jaropolk, amaRoma kanye Vyacheslav futhi ningamadodana Gita Wessex.

Cishe 1099 V Monomakh futhi washada. Ngenxa yokuthi ubani owayemkhulu unkosikazi wesibili, kukhona izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusho komunye wabo igama lakhe Euphemia futhi kwadingeka izimpande ngesiGreki. Ngokusho kwenye - umfazi wesibili Monomakh kungaba Swedish Princess Christina. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umshado wesibili kwesikhulu wazalelwa amadodana amabili, uGeorge no-Andreya, kanye namadodakazi amathathu.

Mstislav Veliky

Mstislav Veliky eyaziwa eYurophu ngaphansi kwegama uHarold - isikhulu Rostov-Suzdal, indodana ka-Vladimir Monomakh kusuka ku-internet Gita Wessex. Okokuqala owazalwa ngo-June 1076 okungukuthi, uyise, isikhulu sikahulumeni elikhulu lakwa iSrayeli kwezempi ngoba izinto ayamukela ngesikhathi impilo isihloko Omkhulu. Kusukela esemncane ngezindinganiso zethu (iminyaka 13-14 ubudala) ephethwe Novgorod Elikhulu. Ngo 1093-95 GG. Wabamba ngaphansi kwegunya Rostov futhi Smolensk umhlaba. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo eNovgorod kwaphawulwa nokuthuthukisa umuzi: ukunwetshwa enqabeni, Church of the Annunciation kuthebhu Settlement, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. Ngo 1117 Mstislav, indodana ka-Vladimir Monomakh wayiswa Sifundazwe. Indawo eNovgorod wathatha indodana yakhe endala Vsevolod Mstislavovich.

Ukubusa olukhulu Mstislav ngofuzo emva kokushona kukayise e 1125, leli qiniso akuzange kumenze Ukunganeliseki nokuphikiswa Chernigov izikhulu. ubukhulu baKhe lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-bonke abazalwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benzani. Nokho, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe oqondile waqale Kiev kuphela. unkosikazi Okokuqala eyindodakazi isikhulu Swedish King Christina. Ushadile uvele izingane eziyishumi. Unkosikazi wesibili eyindodakazi imeya Mstislav Novgorod Liubava D., kusolakala ukuthi, wabeletha amadodana amabili Prince kanye nendodakazi.

UVladimir Monomakh nendodana yakhe Mstislav wanamathela umugqa omunye inqubomgomo angaphandle - asivikele ezitheni. Duchy amandla ezempi kwaba elingenakuphikwa. Mstislav usebenzisa ubuhlobo bomshado eScandinavia futhi eByzantium ngetinhloso tetepolitiki, uye waqinisa isikhundla salo enkundleni ngamazwe. Bomlando Contemporary wakhuluma Grand Prince of Kiev, njengalokhu umuntu ebuthweni abanesibindi nobuqotho, bonke omakhelwane, wesaba, futhi kuncike onesihe ezinengqondo. Ngokusho kwabo, kwaba pravosudets omkhulu, ngesikhathi lapho zonke izikhulu Russian wahlala ethulile futhi akazange alinge ukucasula nomunye.

Izyaslav Vladimirovich

Indodana yesibili Vladimira Monomaha inkosazana IsiZulu ozalwa mhlawumbe ngemva 1076, futhi ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, September 6, 1096 owayesengumfanyana. Mayelana naye kancane ukuthi waziwa.

Ngemva kokuqala kwempi yombango e 1097 phakathi izikhulu Svyatopolk Izyaslavovichem futhi Vladimirom Vsevolodovichem ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi amadodana ka-Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych ngakolunye, ukuthunjwa alandelayo Smolensk, Chernigov futhi Izyaslav entandweni kayise ushiye eKursk. Wagogobala Moore - Oleg Sviatoslavovych patrimony. Kugcine uqoqe ibutho umxhwele futhi wathi kuyo indodana yakhe uVladimir Monomakh ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi in the ifa kuyise. Izyaslav abuhlangananga futhi wanquma ukuvikela. Empini ngaphansi izindonga Murom wafa, u-Oleg bawuthatha umuzi. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda isikhulu abasha wathatha owamazibulo Vladimira Monomaha Mstislav, ukumbelwa senzeka eNovgorod Saint UZandile Cathedral. Ulwazi mayelana unkosikazi Izyaslav nanzalo. Cishe isikhulu eKursk futhi Muromsky kwadingeka isikhathi ukuqala umndeni.

Svyatoslav Vladimirovich

Ngesinye emadodaneni uVladimir Monomakh Svyatoslav cishe zazifile yiluphi ulwazi zomlando, nalezo wayevame ukungabaza ososayensi. It is ukuthi iNkosi Smolensk eyaziwa, futhi kamuva - Pereyaslavl wafa Mashi 6, 1114

Ngokokuqala ngqá igama lakhe ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso zemihla e 1095 lapho indaba ukufika uVladimir Monomakh ukuze Pereyaslavl khans ezimbili Polovtsian, injongo owawungumnyaka isiphelo sesimiso ukuthula. Ngo 1111 Svyatoslav, in Kungenzeka, wayekanye uyise emkhankasweni ngokumelene Polovtsy, saphela kokunqotshwa bakhona. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-1113, Svyatoslav wathatha Arkelawu Pereyaslavl, lapho yathunyelwa kusuka Smolensk, uVladimir Monomakh. INdodana isikhulu Kiev ubusa isikhathi eside. Washona ngo 1114 e Pereyaslavl wembelwa khona esontweni St Michael. Ulwazi mayelana Amakhosikazi nezingane Svyatoslav asizange sisinde.

V. Roman

Izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi inoveli yesine endala zabantwana bakwa-Vladimir Monomakh. kokuzalwa kwakhe, usuku oluqondile engaziwa. Ulwazi mayelana Prince naseVolyn cishe asizange sisinde.

Ngo 1117 phakathi uVladimir Monomakh futhi Svyatopolk indodana Izyaslavovicha ukushayisana, imbangela okwakubekelwa cishe elihunyushwe endala indodana isikhulu Kiev ukuba Sifundazwe kusukela Novgorod. Ngemva konyaka, ukubusa uVladimir-naseVolyn Wawusemhlabathini wamaRoma. IBhodi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-Svyatoslav, kwaba yinto yesikhashana. Isikhulu washona ngo 1119 kulandela naseVolyn wahlala Andrey Dobry - umbusi, ayimisé ukuba indodana uVladimir Monomakh osolwa ngomshado wakhe wesibili.

Roman V wayeshade indodakazi isikhulu Zvenigorod. Ulwazi mayelana Abantwana balesi umshado bengekho.

Jaropolk V

Jaropolk owazalwa ngo 1082 okuthiwa Chernigov, lapho ngesikhathi ubaba wakhe, waba ngukumkani. Ngonyaka wamashumi amabili nanye waqale waba nengxenye emkhankasweni ngokumelene Polovtsy. sobukhosi kwesikhulu e Pereyaslavl efika ngemva kokufa umdala umzalwane Svyatoslav lakhe 1114 Kulo msebenzi akukhulumile ngokumelene Polovtsy, futhi kanye uyise ngokumelene isikhulu Gleb Minsk. Imibhalo ukubalula ukuthi walondoloza ubuhlobo obuhle noyise owayesekhulile futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe wahola ibutho lakhe kanye nomfowabo omdala Mstislav.

Emlandweni Jaropolk eyaziwa ngokuthi umbusi uwela izingcezu amandla. Grand Prince of Kiev, waba ngemva kokufa Mstislav e 1132, ngaleso sikhathi wayesesangweni ubudala kakade ngesikhathi ubudala - engu-49. Ayewengamele oqondile kwaba kuphela Kiev nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Jaropolk wayeyinkosi eyiqhawe elinesibindi abanesibindi umkhuzi onekhono, kodwa sezombusazwe enganamandla kakhulu. Wahluleka ukumisa inqubo nokwahlukana isimo ku principalities ehlukile. Ukuba ukuguga baqaphe kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo, wayengasakwazi ukuba athathe isinyathelo ekulweni abazalwane abasebasha futhi Olegoviches Mstislavovich. Ngigcine amadodana Vladimira Monomaha zimunye ekulweni Vsevoloda Olgovicha e 1138 lapho ethi impi Yaropolk. Babuthana ngaphansi banner amabutho hhayi kuphela e Kiev kodwa futhi Rostov, Pereslavl, Smolensk, galich, Polotsk umxhwele ibutho Hungarian ethunyelwe King Bella II.

Jaropolk wayeshadile ukuba Alanko okuthiwa uHelen. Emshadweni, indodana, Vasilko Yaropolkovich. Washona ngo 1139, nginikeza phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi kumfowabo Vyacheslav. Ngaleso sikhathi eKiev isivele ukulawula Polotsk, Chernigov futhi Novgorod.

Vyacheslav

Vyacheslav (Smolensk isikhulu, indodana ka-Vladimir Monomakh) okuthiwa wazalwa ngo 1083 kusukela esemncane yathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe. Ngo 1097, kanye nomfowabo omdala Mstislav ezimpini Battle of Koloksha. Ubaba Vyacheslav Wawusemhlabathini Smolensk lokubusa, ngokuqondene ukudluliswa wakhe Kiev. Kusukela 1127 yena okukhulunywe ngaye encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla njengoba Turovsky Prince. Throne ekhatsi Kiev wayekade Nokho, ngofuzo emva Jaropolk washona ngoFebhuwari 1139, ngo-March ngomnyaka ofanayo Wachitha Chernigov Prince Vsevolod Olgovich.

Ngo 1142, wathola Pereyaslavl ubukhulu ngemva kokufa lomncane zabantwana bakwa-Vladimir Monomaha Andreya. Nokho, kwakungekhona banelisekile nje impela. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1143 wabuyela lapho waqala - ku Tour. Lapho efa, Vsevolod, Prince wazama ubuyele ku kwezepolitiki. Ngalesi sikhathi, Yuri Dolgoruky waxosha umshana wakhe Izyaslav kusuka Kiev. Lesi sakamuva wanquma ithimba nabo Vyacheslav futhi ukumphakamisa okwakufanele abe inkosi. Nokho, konke kwenzakala njengoba abebelindele ngayo. Yuri Dolgoruky (Suzdal isikhulu), indodana yesithupha uVladimir Monomakh Vyacheslav ndawonye Won ndawonye lizuze umshana wakhe. Yuri wayechaza ukuthini le ubukhulu, kodwa bayayeka ngu nabakhulu bayo. Ngenxa yalokho, Vyacheslav abatshalwé Vyshegorod osendaweni ezibalulekile elise kwesokudla ngaphansi Kiev.

Isikhulu washona ngo 1154, wembelwa e-St Sophia Cathedral. Igama umkakhe alwaziwa. Ngokusho umlando, Vyacheslav wayeyindodana uMichael, owashona ngo-1129

Yuri Dolgoruky

Yuri Dolgoruky uVladimir Monomakh iyindodana nomfazi wakhe wesibili. Okungenani, ukuthi lo mbono olwabiwa iningi mlando. Tatischev V N. emisebenzini yakhe umemezele ukuthi Dolgoruky wazalwa ngo-1090 futhi ngaleyo ndlela yavlyaetsya indodana Gita Wessex. Nokho, lo mbono okuphikisana Imininingwane equkethe "Ukufundiswa" uVladimir Monomakh amadodana. Ngokusho imithombo tetemibhalo, umama St George wafa 1107 Leli qiniso ayikuvumeli ukuba kungaziwa ukuthi kwakuyisifo sini ne Gita abakufa kwabo cishe kwenzeka kuyi 1098 ka usuku oluqondile ukuzalwa George uvuliwe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Yuri Dolgoruky, mhlawumbe omunye izibalo eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni-Russian. Njengoba indodana umbusi ubukhulu Kiev, kusukela zisencane wayengafuni ukuba axazulule ngokuncane. Wayehlala njalo babefuna ukunqoba emazweni amasha, principalities, futhi yebo, iningi Kiev. Empeleni, kwaba ukuhaha okunjalo ngokuthi "Dolgoruky".

Kakhulu isikhulu abasha wathunyelwa Rostov sokubusa kanye nomfowabo omdala Mstislav. Kusukela 1117 uye wahlala kumbusi kuphela. Kusukela 1147 ubelokhu bahileleke embangweni internecine wezikhulu ngomzamo nisuse utho umshana wakhe (indodana ka Mstislav Izjaslava) Kiev. Uye ehlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiwe emzini, ngisho ekubambile nokubabusisa kathathu, kodwa ingqikithi Kiev sobukhosi angihlali futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu.

Prince wayeshadile kabili. Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba indodakazi Polovtsian Khan, wamzalela izingane eziyisishiyagalombili. On ngomfazi Yuri cishe lutho yesibili waziwa. Ngo 1161, kanye nezingane owesifazane waze wabalekela waseByzantium. Ngesisekelo leli qiniso kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi ungumGreki.

Uma ukholwa zemihla ngemihla Yuri Dolgoruky (indodana ka-Vladimir Monomakh) is hhayi sihlonishwe abantu Kiev. Wayebhekwa enamandla, nokuhaha, zobugovu futhi unonya. Nokho, lapho ezama okwesithathu ukuze bawuthathe umuzi, kwenziwa 1155 waba impumelelo. Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1157 wabusa njengenkosi Prince Kiev. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu kumemori abayinzalo Yuri Dolgoruky wahlala njengoba umsunguli eMoscow. Kwaba kuma-oda lakhe 1147 onqenqemeni North-Eastern Russia, settlement encane sokuvikelwa umngcele yayisekelwe.

Ngemva kwalokho, Kiev imithetho ubukhulu Scion George ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala - Andrew Bogolyubskii. Indodana uVladimir Monomakh ayikwazanga uyakhazinyuliswa njengombusi waleli Russia, kodwa umzukulu wakhe zaziyigolide, zilungisiwe omunye bhá yalezi zindawo. Esithombeni kabusha ukubukeka kwangaphandle Yekhanda.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo Vladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu kwaba esiqine eRussia, yafinyelela amandla futhi ekugcineni waba i-nucleus ye isimo esizayo. Indima Kiev njengoba isikhungo, kancane kancane buphelile. Ngemva kokuthola lo sobukhosi, u-Andreya waya uVladimir. B. Klyuchevskii emibhalweni yakhe uthi u-Andreya waba ayeveza, siqaphile futhi waba nesifiso nhlobo ukwenza oda, okuyinto wayefana kakhulu kumkhulu wakhe Vladimira Monomaha.

Andrey

Ngo-August 1102 Ngazalwa kulandwe encane kunawo wonke kuwo wonke amadodana abadumile Vladimira Monomaha, wathola ekubhapathizweni igama Andrew. Ngo 1119 insizwa ngemiyalo yezikhulu uyise wafika sobukhosi uVladimir-naseVolyn ubukhulu ngemva kokufa umfowabo omdala wamaRoma. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-1135 wabusa Pereyaslavl futhi agcinwe edeskini kusukela nokungena Vsevoloda Olgovicha. Indodana encane Grand Prince Kiev ushone eneminyaka engu-39 ngo-1141, izinsalela bangcwatshwa ibandla St Michael.

Andrew wayeshade umzukulu edumile Polovtsian Khan Tugorkana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amadodana amabili bashada uVladimir futhi Jaropolk. Izazi-mlando nazo basikisela ukuthi Prince Andrew saba nendodakazi.

Indodakazi Vladimira Monomaha

Izwe nje kuphela kubantwana bakwa Vladimira Monomaha, kodwa amadodakazi akhe amathathu. Ngaphansi kucatshangwa mlando, bazalelwa e-umshado wesibili we Grand Duke. inkosazana endala okuthiwa uMarie. Ubethula ngishadile Lzhediogena II.

Ekhulwini le-12. eRussia wayeyindoda sengathi ukuba Lva Diogena - indodana kombusi WaseByzantium, owashona ngo-1087 e belwa Pechenegs. Pretender uVladimir Monomah wavuma futhi wavumelana asekele lokho akushoyo, ngaphandle kwesihlalo sobukhosi, okungenani ambalwa emadolobheni. Bonyana batshidze umbimbi, wawushiya ukumshada indodakazi yakhe endala. Nokho, bezimisa eDanube nomkhohlisi ayikwazanga ukumbulala. Maria, kanye nendodana yakhe esencane emuva ekhaya, lapho echithe konke ukuphila kwakhe emzini wezindela Kiev. Princess wafa 1146, indodana yakhe eyashona e 1135 ngesikhathi omunye yezimpi zombango.

Ngaphansi edabukisayo kodwa namanje badabuka kakhulu kwaba isiphetho indodakazi phakathi Vladimira Monomaha Euphemia. Wazalelwa mayelana 1099 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-13, wanikwa umshado Hungarian King Kálmán mina Bookman, ngubani wayemdala kunezingane yakhe, okungenani iminyaka engu-25. Wayeke wambamba ngokuba amambuka futhi wathumela ekhaya. Kakade Euphemia Kiev wabeletha indodana, owathi nakuba amangalelwe sobukhosi Hungarian, ayaziwangwa ngu Kálmán njengoba nje nendodana bomdabu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, inkosazana waya Isigodlo, lapho echithe konke ukuphila kwakhe. Euphemia washona ngo 1139

Mayelana Indodakazi encane Vladimira Monomaha is kancane eyaziwa. Izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi wayezalelwe phakathi 1103 kanye 1107 Ngo 1116 abesavele ashadile ngoba Gorodensky Prince Vsevolod Davidovich, zazo umsuka akuyona ncamashi ezaziwayo. Emshadweni, namadodakazi akhe amabili. Kukhona irekhodi umlando umshado wabo 1144 Izazimlando bathi kudivayisi umshado eyingoduso Vsevolod Olgovich, kungasiphi isisekelo zaphetha ngokuthi amantombazane cishe base bamukelwe kakade eziyizintandane.