Umlobi Marietta Shahinian: Biography, lokusungula, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

umbhali Soviet Marietta Shahinian ubhekwa omunye Russian abalobi bokuqala yesayensi isikhathi sakhe. Intathelizindaba nomlobi, imbongi kanye isikhulumi, lona wesifazane kwakudingeke isipho nesazi ikhono enviable. It Marietta Shahinian, izinkondlo ngesikhathi esaphila okuyinto bebelokhu ethandwa kakhulu, ngokusho baxgeki, wenze umnikelo yayo evelele izinkondlo Russian-yaseSoviet yokuthuthela nesishiyagalolunye Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Ukuqaphela yena njengoba nesazi umdwebi indoda emvelweni. Futhi lapho umuntu oyedwa inhlanganisela ngokumangalisayo ithalente futhi bomele ukuphila, isifiso sokuthola ulwazi kanye nekhono elimangalisayo umsebenzi, khona-ke lo muntu akaconsi emlandweni. Okunjalo kwakuyisici Marietta Shahinian.

biography

Wazalelwa umbhali esizayo eMoscow emndenini lezihlakaniphi Armenia ka amabili nanye Mashi 1888. Uyise, uSergei Davidovich, kwaba likaprofesa e-Moscow State University. Marietta Shahinian athola imfundo egcwele. Wayeqale wafunda esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni, futhi kamuva - ku Rzhevsk sokuzivocavoca. Kusukela ngo-1906, waqala ishicilelwe. Ngo-1912, Marietta uqeda ubuhlakani zomlando-zefilosofi e-University yabesifazane V I. Gere. Yena uhambela Petersburg. Kulapha, Petersburg, umbhali esizayo futhi isikhulumi wahlangana futhi izindlela phambili izinkanyiso ezifana Z. N. Gippius futhi DS Merezhkovsky.

Kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1914 wafunda nefilosofi njengoba isayensi e-University of Heidelberg eJalimane. On ukwakheka umsebenzi wakhe liye laba nethonya eqinile kakhulu izinkondlo of Goethe. Ngo-1913 kwafika iqoqo lokuqala, nombhali elalilisha ngalesosikhathi namanje akekho ajwayelekile Shaginyan Marietta Sergeevna. Orientalia izinkondlo, eqinisweni, Yaduma wakhe.

Kusukela 1915 kuya ku-1919 Marietta Shahinian wahlala Rostov-on-Don. Lapha yena umlobeli Emaphephandabeni eminingana, njengethi "Sebenza ke", "Azov Region," "Craft izwi", "Black Sea coast", njalo njalo. D. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umbhali lifundisa sobuhle bayo kanye art umlando ngesikhathi Rostov Conservatory.

Ngemva 1918

Marietta Shahinian wamukela ngomdlandla lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Kamuva, lona wesifazane wathi ngenxa yakhe kwaba isenzakalo "uhlamvu Christian-ezingaqondakali." Ngo-1919, lona usebenza njengomhloli ofundisa Donnarobraza, bese-ke waqokwa umqondisi wesikole ukwelukwa. Ngo-1920 Shahinian kuhanjiswe ku Petrograd, lapho iminyaka emithathu ka ubambisana nawo iphephandaba "Izvestia we Petrograd namaSoviet", kuya ku-1948 eseneminyaka engu-umlobeli othile okhethekile "Pravda" iphephandaba futhi "Bulletin". Ngo-1927, Marietta Shahinian wathutha ezweni lawo zomlando - e-Armenia, kodwa ngo-1931 wabuyela eMoscow.

Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi, ethola iziqu Academy Okuplaniwe Gosplan. Phakathi neminyaka yempi Shahinian ophethe Urals. Ngakho, wabhala indaba iphephandaba "Pravda". Ngo-1934 labetibambile iCongress lokuqala Soviet Abalobi, lapho Marietta Shahinian akhethwe ilungu lebhodi.

ekudalweni

izithakazelo Literary lalona wesifazane abanamakhono esehlanganise ezihlukahlukene izici zokuphila. Ngemisebenzi yakhe nesikhundla ekhethekile indawo zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele enikelwe Goethe, Taras Shevchenko, uJosefa Mysliveček. It Shahinian umsunguli wokuqala Soviet umphenyi inoveli "Mess Mend". Yayivelele kanye intatheli Soviet. Nanguya nombhali izihloko eziningi inkinga Tindzaba. Kulokhu, journalism Shahinian beqonda okungaka hhayi kuphela indlela yokuba bathole imali, ngangokunokwenzeka ngqo ukutadisha ukuphila.

Encwadini yakhe enesihloko esithi "Uhambo Oluya Weimar" ngokokuqala ngokucacile wabonakaliswa izici nephrozi yayo isitayela. Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto kulo msebenzi kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa amazing ikhono ngokoqobo kombhali imininingwane kwansuku ukudalula ukwaziwa komuntu womuntu nobuhlobo bakhe isikhathi. "Journey Weimar" - umsebenzi wokuqala lo mbhali ngesimo travel Tindzaba - uhlobo, okuzokwenza kube yiqiniso yonke impilo yami Marietta Shahinian.

amabhuku

inoveli yakhe yokuqala enkulu, waqala ngo-1915, futhi lathweswa iziqu ngo-1918. "Isiphetho Lalo" - incwadi wefilosofi. Shahinian wayebuye connoisseur umculo, futhi umhlaziyi tetemibhalo, kungashiwo ngokuthi kanye nesazi, futhi isazi-isihambi. Kodwa Shahinian wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke kwaba nesazi isikhulumi. Washiya ngemuva eziningi izincwadi, ezifana "Hydrocentral", "Diary of a oyiphini eMoscow namaSoviet", "ukuzivikela Ural", "Journey of Armenia", njalo njalo. D.

Nanguya umbhali amaqoqo amane zezinkondlo, ezinye zazo gade ngisho yezifundo zezikole. Iminyaka, Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan wadala ekumeni yokudlala walabo kubantu wayeyazi ajwayelekile - Tikhonov, Khodasevich, Rachmaninoff, futhi uchaza ukuphila futhi umsebenzi abalobi ayithandayo wakhe - T. Shevchenko, I. Krylov, Goethe.

umndeni

Umyeni ka Marietta Shahinian kwaba philologist kanye umhumushi kusuka Armenia uJakobe Samsonovich Khachatryan. Bakhulela indodakazi Mirel. Le ntombazane yayingazi ukuthi ufuna ukuya ezinyathelweni zabazali babo. Ayenesithakazelo ngaphezulu imidwebo. Mirel Yakovlevna wayeyilungu we-Union of Abaculi. Ngo Shahinian babe umzukulu nomzukulu.

S. Marietta washona ngo 1982 eMoscow. Yena wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nane. Ngesikhathi esezokufa, kodwa akazange angene aphume endlini encane elilodwa elalingaphandle, batholakala esitezi sokuqala ngempela indlu abavamile yokuhlala e Moscow. Umlobi kanye ethandwa benza ngaphandle khezekheze frills. efulethini lakhe kukhona isethi Soviet esezingeni ifenisha, jikelele zasendlini. I okunethezeka kuphela ekhaya lakhe kwakungu ubudala tune upiyano.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

ukuphila isikhathi eside, owayehlala Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan wagcwala izenzakalo ezinkulu kanye nezincane zomlando, cishe lapho umbhali wayehlale ekhuluma ngokufudumele futhi isithakazelo. It usesikhundleni esikhethekile endaweni Leninist timu ku lokusungula wakhe omkhulu. amanoveli wakhe indaba "Ulyanov Umndeni", "Okokuqala Zonke-Russian" akuyona njalo waqonda nangokunembile. izinto omlando womuntu mayelana umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi naseduze yayo Marietta Shahinian eqoqwe iminyaka eminingi.

Uhlelo lokuqala incwadi indaba "Ulyanov Umkhaya," esanyatheliswa ngo-1935 futhi ngokushesha savusa Ukunganeliseki obuqinile uStalin. Ulaka, "uyise wabo bonke izizwe" kwabangelwa ukushicilelwa Eqinisweni Shahinian ukuthi emithanjeni kukaLenin babe Kalmyk igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule noveli owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi iphutha futhi kabili kukhulunywe KaHulumeni ye Writers 'Union, liye wagxeka zokubonisa umholi omkhaya njengoba umFilisti.