Biography nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa Sylvia Plath

I esifushane, ukuphila eliqhakazile imbongi Sylvia Plath iminyaka 50 ekujabulisayo izingqondo umphakathi. yokukhulekela kwakhe, khumbula nodumo. Nakuba ifa lakhe kuphela ambalwa izincwadi zezinkondlo futhi omunye inoveli, ngokuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi ebhaliwe kweshumi eziningana izincwadi ngisho wathwebula.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa ngo-October 27, 1932. Ebuntwaneni Sylvia Plath senzeke ngaphansi uphawu simthande futhi simhloniphe kuyise. Yena waba uprofesa e-Boston University, umcwaningi owaziwa lezinyosi, umuntu ovela kwelinye izwe baseJalimane indoda kobushiqela kakhulu. Le ntombazane, ngenxa yethonya lakhe eqinile, beqonda njengoNkulunkulu kuye. Umama Sylvia ngisemncane kakhulu ngaphandle komyeni wakhe, yeza ivela Austria futhi wasebenza njengomfundisi weZwi German eBrooklyn esikoleni.

Ubaba wayesebenza eziningi, futhi umama Wakhe ungumfowabo omncane USylvia, owayegula kakhulu, futhi esikhathini esiningi intombazane wanikezwa okwamanje. Yena wayelangazelela babathande kayise futhi uye wathola ukuthi indlela kuphela - ukufunda kusuka "lemihle kakhulu". Lapho eseneminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili ubudala, uyise eshona. Yena wayehlushwa isifo sikashukela, kodwa uyaqiniseka yena ukuthi, sengathi umngane wakhe, umdlavuza ngo esigabeni sokugcina, ngakho-ke musa afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Lapho esibhibhayo ashaqe umlenze, umkakhe egomela ekwelapheni, kodwa ukuhlinzwa akuphumelelanga, no-Otto Plath wafa. Ukuze Sylvia kwaba ngethuka kwaphela nasozwanini, wazizwa lokhu kushonelwa uyise iminyaka, ethi ukuthi wayeshonelwe ikhono lokukhuluma noNkulunkulu. Isihloko ukulahlekelwa kuyoba ebalulekile kamuva ngenkokhelo, 1962, ubhala inkondlo "Kubaba", lapho embeka icala kayise amshiya.

izinsuku School

Ngemva kokufa komyeni wakhe, Aurelia Plath waphoqeleka ukuba basebenze kanzima, ubudlelwane nendodakazi engawuboni ukuthuthukisa kamuva Sylvia ngeke bathi kwenzondo kumama. Lo mkhaya uthuthela Wellesley, futhi intombi yangena esikoleni e Bradford, lapho bonke leyengcile kube umfundi engcono. Walibonisa impumelelo brilliant ngolimi lwesiNgisi, ikakhulukazi wakwazi imisebenzi yokudala, njengoba eseneminyaka umhleli iphephandaba esikoleni.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni intombazane yabonisa ithalente njengoba umbhali, emuva lé ngawo engu enkondlweni yokuqala Plath yanyatheliswa kuyi iphephandaba. With kweminyaka 11 yena njalo wabhala izindaba wazithumela omagazini US. Lwathi luphela esikoleni yena selinqunyiwe engaba mihlanu kweshumi tindzaba letimfisha, zazo 9 ziye zanyatheliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intombazane ekuboniseni isithembiso in umdwebo, wayeze eyazuza umklomelo emncintiswaneni art. Nge engu-12 yena njalo igcinwe idayari lapho ukubhala imicabango yabo futhi ukuphila izenzakalo.

Ukuya College

Ngemva kwesikole, uSylvia Plath wakwazi ukuthola umfundaze ohlonishwa Smith College Massachusetts. Wayejabule, enethemba lokuthi ushintsho ujabule, kodwa ekolishi yena kwakusadingeka ukuzizwa ngicindezeleka imvelo, okuyinto wayengafuni ukuba sibekezelele ithalente lakhe futhi ehlukile. Diaries wakhe kwalesi sikhathi ibonisa ukuthi iminyaka uSilvia sihlangabezane ngentshiseko enkulu lokudala, ziqukethe eziningi okusalungiswa izinkondlo kanye tindzaba letimfisha, okuningi yokucabanga, uhlela ikusasa.

Plat lokusungula kule nkathi libhekene ngokuvumelana, asinazo izithombe. Kumanje abasebenza eningi amasu olusankondlo, uzama ukudala umbhalo ophelele. Kusukela ngo-1950, yena njalo inyathelisa izihloko, izindaba ezimfushane, izinkondlo komagazini nasemaphephandabeni ezingeni likazwelonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo watadisha lolungenamaphutsa, kusukela ngonyaka wesibili zonke osolwazi babevela yakhe injabulo. USilvia othola isibonelelo, kanye ngokuwina Mademoiselle magazini emncintiswaneni for the internship ngenyanga e-New York. Useke wasebenza njengoba intatheli ezizimele, futhi izenzakalo lwale nyanga bese yakha isendlalelo sokobana inoveli yakhe "The Bell Jar".

ukukhathala Nervous kanye Umzamo wokuzibulala lokuqala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhlelo kwaba yimpumelelo, uSylvia wabuya esuka eNew York esimweni eziphukile. Yena ocindezelekayo, ulahlekelwa ikhono ukubhala futhi uzizwe ungelutho zabo ngokuphelele. Konke lokhu ihambisana yokuthi ayiyitholanga ithuba zidlule Yiqiniso ehlobo e-Harvard, futhi ukufunda e Smith College, yena ayengenalo scholarship, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ukudlulisela imfundo yasekolishi kancane esinedumela Lawrence. Konke lokhu ngokomzwelo Sylvia. izici wakhe siqu nangokwengqondo babe enjalo ukuthi angakwenza kuphela ngokuletha yena uxokozele. Yena unganakile esichazwa ngokuthi ukuphila izenzakalo ukuthi liphenduke nhlekelele.

Summer 1953 uzobe ezachazwa kamuva inoveli Sylvia BakaJehova, lapho etshelwa ukuthi wayengakwazi ngalesi sikhathi ukucabanga, ukubhala, ukuxhumana nabantu. Agasti 24, yena ezama ukuzibulala. Yena iphuza elele amaphilisi, kodwa alahlekelwe ukwazi akanayo isikhathi sokufeza. bamkhulumela nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi umtholampilo zengqondo. Ukubuyiselwa Sylvia Plath kudingeka unyaka wonke. Ephenywa ubuhlungu ukuphathwa electroshock, futhi entwasahlobo ka-1954, wabuyela kumumo ehloniphekile ngisho enquma bazithathe babuyele esikoleni. Ayiphethe ukufeza iphupho labo futhi niqhubeke inkambo ehlobo eHarvard. Ngawo lowo nyaka eba umngane e Richarda Sassuna.

Cambridge

Ukuphelelisa izifundo zakhe ekolishi, uSylvia ubhala mqondo esivelele webumbacambili e umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika. Lo msebenzi kwakwaziswa kakhulu, futhi uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eCambridge. University ukuba le ntombazane kunganikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu, yena wathokoza ukufunda, ukwenza ngendlela womdlalo wesikole waseshashalazini. Yena ilimaza kakhulu kuphela imvelo - kusukela sezulu English eziningi ogulayo ukuthi womisa wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke ulinde buhlungu - Richard Sassoon naye wachitha iholidi romantic Paris, nganquma ukuba angaqhubeki ubuhlobo naye. Sylvia ukhathazekile, kodwa usuke esindiswa umsebenzi: wabhala eziningi zezinkondlo, ama-atikili ashicilelwe, tindzaba letimfisha. Silviya Plat, ogama amabhuku esikhathini esizayo, elinde udumo emhlabeni, njalo uhlangabezana yokuzingabaza, futhi umsebenzi wakhe, lokhu kuye kwaholela nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo yayo.

domesticity

Ebusika 1956, wahlangana imbongi abasha Ted Hughes, umbhangqwana Sasondelana kakhulu, ku abalobi wathola eziningi esifana ngazo, konke lokhu kwaholela uthando. Futhi ehlobo, bantfu labasha bashada, achitha ihlobo Spain, wabuyela Cambridge. Sylvia ngalesi sikhathi hhayi kuphela ukufunda, kodwa futhi, eqinisweni, unobhala yomyeni wakhe. Yena kuyamsiza ukushicilela incwadi, futhi uthole umklomelo wokuqala izinkondlo of isikhungo New York.

Ngaphansi kwethonya umyeni wakhe kwakhiwa imbongi yasekuqaleni Silviya Plat, omisebenzi yakhe ukusithatha nencazelo entsha futhi ifomu ephelele. Ekupheleni ambalwa izifundo wathuthela eU.SA, lapho Sylvia wasebenza njengomfundisi. Lo msebenzi uyakhathaza futhi uvikelwe ukudala.

Ngo-1959, lo mbhangqwana wabuyela eBrithani kusukela lokuthi Sylvia ikhulelwe, Hughes wafuna umntwana azalelwa khona ezweni lokhokho bakhe. isikhathi Eliyinselele kwabesifazane - sokukhulelwa - nzima ngoba imbongi ubuhlobo nzima nomkhaya komyeni wakhe, ikakhulukazi udadewabo.

Ngo-1960, uSylvia wabeletha indodakazi ngesikhathi esifanayo, yena basayina isivumelwano ukushicilelwa incwadi izinkondlo I-Colossus & Okunye Tinkondlo. umsebenzi Isikhathi siswele, bese ukhokha bakhathazeke kakhulu ngalokhu. Nokho, ngo-1961, uveza isigqi esisha ekuphileni, futhi manje yena ubhala ekuseni, kuyilapho wonke umuntu elele, futhi evakashela kwesikhathi okusheshayo zokudala - wabhala lonke uchungechunge tinkondlo letimfisha.

inoveli

Ekupheleni 1961 Sylvia uthola isibonelelo ukubhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala. Njengoba yena usebenzela incwadi izinsuku 70. Ngalokho iphasi loke elingaphasi khona umbhali waba ovelele ngokwenza igama Silviya Plat. "The Bell jar" - inoveli ukuthi uyoba zakudala yokuzinikela, kodwa ngemva kokufa kombhali. Le ncwadi ishicilelwe ngaphansi okungelona elakho, ngoba kwaba eziningi ngokuphila kwakhe. Roman ngeke kamuva ukwethula isetshenziswa ukulwela amalungelo, incwadi uzobe kabusha, uphinde ufunde. Kodwa Sylvia wayengakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nalelo ukunqoba.

ekupheleni sad

Ekwindla ka-1962 imbongi, ngubani ezezwa ukungathembeki komyeni wakhe, amafayela ukwehlukanisa futhi wasala yedwa nezingane zakhe ezimbili endlini abandayo. Sylvia Plath izinkondlo kwalesi sikhathi ukudlulisela imizwelo esiqine owesifazane, yena ubizwa ihlushwe ngoba akhashelwa umyeni wakhe. Cishe owodwa gulp wabhala izinkondlo 26 ezoqinisekisa ukuthuthuka eqoqweni posthumous Elithi "Ariyeli".

Psyche ayikwazi ukumelana voltage, futhi Februwari 11, 1963, yena uyazibulala ngokuphuza iphilisi ekulaleni futhi ngesisi. Lesi senzo okubangelwa umphumela Sylvia Plath: eziningi abesifazane abasha nabo baye bazama ukuzibulala, ikakhulu, inkosikazi Ngakho Hyuza ashada naye ngemva USylvia, wazibulala izinceku zakhe ngendlela efanayo.

I ifa bokubeka Sylvia Plath

Waphila iminyaka engu-30 kuphela, uSylvia bashiya umlando ongeke encane kodwa abalulekile kakhulu. inoveli yakhe futhi Diaries ezisekhona ezingaphezu kweyodwa kabusha ukukhululwa. E-US abalobi classical asanda Silviya Plat. "Winter Landscape nge Ehlasela", "Kubaba", "I-November amangcwaba", "ukunakekelwa ekuqaleni" nezinye izinkondlo kukhona ukuziqhenya izincwadi American kuze kube yilolu suku. Silviya Plat (FB2, TXT, PDF - nezakhiwo lapho ungalanda ncwadi yakhe) akuyona eyaziwa kahle kakhulu e-Russia, kodwa eminyakeni kwayo ezweni lethu liyakhula.