Nesithakazelo: "Ubuciko bokuphrinta - kuyini?"

Emizini eminingi, futhi kuze kube namuhla bahlala flat isiqeshana black ngokhuni besika kubo izithombe ezingeyona inkimbinkimbi. A abanikazi ambalwa kweSoviet ezidayiswayo, futhi kuze kube namuhla bakholelwa ukuthi banayo imisebenzi yobuciko, ukubizwa ngokuthi yezicathulo. Hhayi ngokuthi basephutheni ngokuphelele, kodwa mayelana nekhono samanje akunakungatshazwa mbuzo. Vele uzitholele - kungcono umqondo ebanzi kakhulu kunenani kubonakala abaningi. Kuphenywa: Ubuciko bokuphrinta - kuyini?

Ukubaluleka izwi

Igama elithi "ukuphrinta" - inguqulo Russian kwaleli gama aqanjwe kithi evela e-Europe, lapho ezovela eminyaka th 14-15 (e estampe isiFulentshi, stampa Italy), futhi iye ngqo exhumene ne ukuthuthukiswa kokunyathelisa. Kunyatheliswa ngokuthi Gravure noma yimuphi omunye umbono kusukela isifanekiso (eliphrintiwe) ku ephepheni. Ekuqaleni, Ubuciko bokuphrinta kwakungelona zobuciko akancike, kodwa kwakumane lobuchwepheshe inqubo isithombe ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Futhi kakhulu, kudla isikhathi, ezidinga kusukela kumculi zakhipha ubuciko aphakeme. Kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi mikhondo amasu njalo ithuthukiswe futhi ngcono. Yena yene amasu ezingalindelekile, wathatha isimo esisha, futhi ngenxa yokuthi manje akulula kangako ukuze kutholakale incazelo yalo izwi. Kunyatheliswa esikhathini sethu - kuba isiphetho amagama amafomu eziningi art.

On the izinhlobo mikhondo

Ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini inqubo zokuqopha, siphendukela ngowokuqala indaba. Ngaphambi isithombe zisephepheni, kufanele ezidwetshiwe noma ulotshwe abanye isisekelo: izinkuni, metal, njll, kwaqala ukuvela isitayela seshidi lokuqala, kamuva - ku zethusi ... Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakukhona nezinye izinhlobo kanye namasu efanayo. Convex nokujula lokuqopha - ubuchwepheshe zabo zazihluke kuphela kulokho ukuphrinta umbala oyosisiza anemifantu ebhodini-matrix. Lithography - kwi flat surface upende lasetshenziswa, kanye ukuphrinta nomphumela ngokuvamile hhayi kwadingeka impumuzo. Okwamanje yezicathulo, kuye ngokuthi indlela sokulungiselela yabo, singasho sithi izinhlobo eziningana: ukuphrinta okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi Gravure, ukuphrinta flat, isikrini. Ngayinye yalezi, esikhundleni salokho, lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kancane.

Estampnaya isheduli

I ihluzo ngesiGreki - udonsela. Kudluliselwe kamuva omunye ingcaca izinto - ukuphrinta. Kodwa akufanele sicabange mikhondo ezinye lasendulo, amakhono langaphambi kokubhubha komhlaba ngamanzi: lolu hlobo lokusungula emazweni amaningi futhi iyathandwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesibonelo, eMexico njalo elibamba imincintiswano, nemibukiso, ukusiza abafisa kahle lokhu yokuchitha isizungu othandwayo kuleli zwe. Ngemva kokubuka imisebenzi abaculi bendawo uphendula lo mbuzo: "Ubuciko bokuphrinta - kuyini" - izwakale kanje: ". Ubuciko bokuphrinta - ithalenta elihlangene umculi kanye womqophi" Phela, ubuchwepheshe isebenza isikhathi eside ayikashintshi kakhulu. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu izinkuni oqinile amazinyo oyifunayo iphethini isicelo, bese usebenzisa i-roller is camera ngoyinki. Incazelo lisetshenziswa kwepulangwe ephepheni icindezelwa ngokumelene cindezela. Kunyatheliswa angenza lukhulu, futhi wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyothathwa ungqo.

etching

Nokho umbuzo "? Ubuciko bokuphrinta, kuyini" Akufanele yini ukusheshe uphendule: 'Craft ". Ubuciko bokuphrinta kuyikhono - abangafuni alwa kugwenywe ngisho abadwebi ovelele kakhulu. Olunye uhlobo lokudla Phrinta - Etching - waziwa kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi Geniuses ezinjalo isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwayo, Rembrandt futhi Goya. Igama elithi "etching" (emazwini French Eau-Forte, amanzi sinamandla, m. E. Nitric acid) kusho uhlobo oqoshwe metal, indlela ngokuvumela ukuthola mikhondo amafomu ukuphrinta pretreated nge acid. On the metal inaliti ibhodi ukwenza umdwebo ke ushona isithombe isici okuthuthukiswa acid etching metal. Kamuva isikhala ezihlalayo ligcwele likayinki libhalwe ekhethekile imishini ukuphrinta eshidini oswakanyiswe lephepha. Ubuchwepheshe akuyona elula, kodwa umphumela! etchings yakhe ubuhlakani abadumile Albrecht Dürer, kodwa kuyisimo esifanayo amasu imisebenzi kanye nabanye abaningi - eyaziwa noma amakhosi kakade ukhohliwe.

mayelana serigraphy

Ilungelo embuzweni "Ubuciko bokuphrinta kuyini lokho?" Futhi impendulo kuyoba: "Screenprinting". Serigraphy noma wokunyathelisa kwesikrini, ematheksthi wabhekisela indlela ukudlala noma izithombe ngosizo stencil ukuphrinta ipuleti, lapho inki uthola on impahla ukulungele le njongo. Indlela osebenzisa i emulsion sifana izithombe zokunyathelisa. Okwamanje, wokunyathelisa kwesikrini othandwa kakhulu, njengoba iningi zobuchwepheshe. Le ndawo ukusetshenziswa kuba cishe angenamkhawulo: kusukela chips amaphosta omkhulu kusukela ikhophi eyodwa kuya izinkulungwane zamakhophi ayo. Isikrini ukuphrinta ndlela esebenzayo iphepha kanye nendwangu, ngoba izitsha zobumba futhi izindwangu zokwenziwa. Usilika wokunyathelisa kwesikrini ilungele umhlobiso imikhiqizo yazo zonke bobunjwa isiphetho: amathini, amabhodlela, Balloons eyenziwe latex nabanye.

Kodwa esibukweni lwesicabucabu hhayi kuphela kakhulu esisebenzayo. Screenprinting - kubuye uhlobo kakhulu yobuciko okuyinto kwaduma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kuvulwe kuye enjalo ngisho izibalo odumile njengoba Dzhekson Pollok futhi Fernan Lezhë, Endi Uorhol , futhi eziningi nezinye ezinkulu, hhayi efana nomunye okuyinhloko. Zafakazela ukuthi ukuphrinta - kungaba enkulu!