Acropolis njengengxenye endala ye-Athens

Acropolis e-Athens - somlando, uyisibonelo eziyingqayizivele isiko lwesiGreki sakuqala, kufakwe kwe-World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Kwaphela isikhathi eside yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi isikhungo ezenhlalo nezamasiko ngokuba izakhamuzi zase-Athene.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Njengoba inqaba izitha Acropolis - ukuthi igama ingxenye endala ye-Athens - ibilokhu isetshenziswa bendawo ekupheleni the III yeminyaka BC. e. Ukuqinisa izindonga amamitha angu eziyishumi ukuphakama futhi eziyisithupha - ebanzi. Ukuze zingene amagquma ingasetshenziswa noma ohlangothini olusentshonalanga noma enyakatho. Kulokhu, esimweni kangako, ngakho emnyango ukuze uqinise izakhamuzi zendawo eduze kakhudlwana.

Ngecala langasentla wengxenye Athene yasendulo, ngokusobala, kwaba amahlozi kahle ofihlekile nezihlahla. Ukuze-ke bahlabeka edwaleni izitebhisi emincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emnyango enyakatho kuya itshe eqinisa sabekwa, entshonalanga walondoloza kuphela.

Acropolis njengoba isikhungo usikompilo nenhlalo

Ngakho, i-Acropolis - yigama ingxenye Athene lasendulo. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba amagquma enamadwala ku lapho uthango edolobheni. Nokho, ngenkulungwane yesibili BC, njengoba kuboniswa imiphumela abavubukuli lapha umbango asebenzayo, ababusi umhlangano, kanye umsebenzi wenkolo yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi wayethole ebaleni lokudlala, okwakubonisa, ngokusobala, enkundleni ngoba izimfihlakalo yamaGreki asendulo. Esangweni enyakatho ye-Acropolis engasenyakatho wawusegunjini kahle, okuyinto livumela izakhamizi, ngubani ayesezithendeni izindonga, amanzi okuphuza eliphezulu.

Gekatompedon

Idolobha lase Athens laligcwele kanye izikhumbuzo bayo basendulo ngokufanelekile anesikhundla okuholela ucwaningo umlando isimo ngesiGreki. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iphesenti kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni ngalezo zinsuku lalilikhulu kakhulu kunalokho ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Amadolobha zazibaluleke ngokuyinhloko ukuphila we Polis. Athens, yena, kancane kancane baba ukuhweba main nezokuphatha nokwaba e lonke iMedithera. Lokhu eziyimbangela odlale indima eqakathekileko kumiswa yamasiko aleli dolobha. Acropolis njengengxenye lasendulo ase-Athene, ezazidume ngokutshala amathempeli akhona.

Ngakho, e-BC VI leminyaka. e. Gekatompedon kwakukhona lwethempeli ( 'stofutovy "), elakhiwa ngo-kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-Athena futhi obonisa ubuhle kakhulu. Luhambo wayo lomkhulu amasango Propylaea, ehlotshiswe amakholomu. Khuphukela lelo sonto lalinethonya kancane kancane ku emthambekeni egqumeni, nakho kwandisa ukubukeka umphumela ekhexisayo. Futhi, izakhiwo ithempeli nezicabha zayo zihlabeke wesimethri, okuyinto Okugweda kamuva lesiGreki elisetshenziswe ukudala izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ukuthi kuhlobisa pediment wethempeli.

Parthenon

Ngemva kwalokho, kusayithi lamiswao Gekatompedon inhle ngisho nangaphezulu ithempeli - the Parthenon (iminyaka 447-437 BC, umbazi - .. Phidias). Ukuze zifinyelele ethempelini, izihambeli zazihlala ukuba pre-dlula ke, njengoba emnyango wawusegunjini ngakolunye uhlangothi kusuka kwesango. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngenhloso yokuthi izivakashi babezizwa umoya samaholide yethempeli isethwe ngendlela lengiyo. Ngakho, odongeni tape Parthenon bas lwenzelwe, esibonisa udwendwe okukhulu kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-Athena: nabagibeli, amantombazane siphethe amahlamvu esundu ngezandla zaso (uphawu lokuthula), abadala zasebukhosini.

Okwamanje, ithempeli lisesimweni agugile.

Erechtheion

Umsebenzi ukudalwa lelithempeli (421-405 BC) kwaba eside futhi kukhathaza, njengoba parallel walulama nezinye ezikhangayo yedolobha ehlaselwe izimpi yamaGreki WasePheresiya. Ngakho, izimali ukwakhiwa ayemancane kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni, umqalisi we kokwakhiwa kwethempeli wakhuluma umbusi Athene Pericles, futhi umakhi ibuye ibe Phidias. Nokho, ukwakha isakhiwo omangalisayo kwaba ngemva kokufa Pericles ', ngaphansi kokuqondisa wezakhiwo Mnesikles.

Igama ithempeli seliphelile yokudumisa Athene yinkosi Erechtheus. I-Acropolis ingxenye endala ase-Athene, e izakhiwo ukuboniswa izindaba eziningi ka zamaGreki. Ngakho, ngokusho legend, wayeyindodana ka Erechtheus Hephaestus (unkulunkulu lomlilo usanta wensimbi) kanye Gaia (umhlaba unkulunkulukazi). Phakathi nempi emzini Eleusis, lakhipha ngamahlelo, Erechtheus ubulele indodana ka Poseidon (Evmolpiass), owayeneminyaka umholi ngababusi ukuba nobutha. Ngenxa yalokho, uthukuthele unkulunkulu amanzi ngosizo umfowabo uZeyusi phezu umbusi Athene umbani. Futhi Erechtheus wafa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi Acropolis kusolakala walilondoloza iminonjana umbani ziyaphawuleka, owabhubhisa slabs eziningana zemabula. Iphinde iyisonto ethuneni Erechtheus, isayithi osekelwe ngokuyinhloko ethempelini eponymous lamiswao.

Architecture Erechtheion ibhokisi. Ithempeli yakhiwa ezivalekile ezimbili ezingalingani obujwayelekile, nayo etholakala on emazingeni ehlukene. I empumalanga ingxenye yethempeli elinikezelwe ku-Athena, entshonalanga - Hephaestus, Poseidon, futhi Booth, umpristi kuqala unkulunkulukazi u-Athena nomfowabo Erechtheus.