Umlando Page Second neMpi Yezwe: empini ithangi of Senno, Julayi 1941

Eyaqala Julayi 6-10, 1941 Battle of Senno (Lepel noma balwe) azizange engaziwa yesizukulwane, nakuba isibalo amathangi ehilelekile kuba ngezinga elingelikhulu Kwakufana Battle of Prokhorovka ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk. Kanye neminye imisebenzi ye iRed Army kwesikhathi, lo msebenzi lalingesinye komzamo ukumisa kusengaphambili German ngesikhathi sokuqala qophelo yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kubangelwe ukwehluleka balwe zaseSoviet Belarus izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali undeservedly kuyaqabukela okukhulunywa isiqephu abanolaka ehlobo-ekwindla umkhankaso ka-1941.

izimo ukusebenza

Le mpi onegazi Senno umzamo wokugcina iRed Army ukuze balwe amayunithi zempi. Ngemva kwempi yaphela ngomshini Corps, futhi imizamo eminingi ukuthatha isinyathelo kusuka nesitha 1941 zaba zokwakheka ukuhlaselwa elihamba phansi. Yaphela lweviki impi yesibili, futhi kakade amaJalimane zidlulile amakhilomitha 500 - kwesigamu indlela kusukela emngceleni eMoscow. Lapho impi yaqala ngaphansi Senno, okuhlaselayo obuqand we Wehrmacht wayesenze amaphutha wathutha front line kuya Vitebsk futhi Orsha.

Umyalo eliphezulu ibutho lamaJalimane kusuka kakhulu kuqale akhethwe kwesigaba lemcoka Eastern Front njengoba main isiteleka izinkomba zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Kwakukhona efakwe Army Iqembu "Isikhungo" - "South" futhi "North" kwabanye izinkomba ke wawudlula namanye amaqembu amabili ahlangene. amayunithi German ngomshini lalinabashumayeli amaqembu ithangi 2 kanye 3rd - konke abanazo babe 7 no-9 ezinezinjini ukwahlukana zempi.

a okuhlaselayo enjalo ngezinga kungenzeka nokuqalisa ukujula Ukusabalala imvelo futhi amabutho aseSoviet. Izingxenye Western Front ibiyenziwa ochotshoziwe ngokushesha. Ngo-July 3 amaJalimane kwakulimaze emaphaketheni lokugcina ukumelana esihlelwe. ukulahlekelwa Soviet ayemakhulu kakhulu - abantu abangaba izingxenye ezimbili ukuxhumana phambi. Indlela aphume "kubhayela" ukwahlukana wahlala 1 - 2 ayizinkulungwane abantu. zonke eyayilahleke izikhali esindayo (izindiza, amathangi, wezikhali). Ukulahla amasu ngqo endleleni. Front Command salokhu ukwehluleka waboshwa futhi esingu (kuhlanganise Jikelele Dmitry Pavlov). Ezimweni ezinjalo, futhi impi yaqala ngaphansi Senno. 1941 kwabe kungunyaka esibi kakhulu empini, futhi uhlela counteroffensive uthembisa ukuba engengaphansi sina umuntu izindleko umbono kuka okwazanywa ukumisa ngaphambi amaJalimane.

uhlelo balwe

Umqondo Lepel balwe kwaba ukuhlasela ku ethangini Amayunithi Wehrmacht phambi kwabo kwakufanele ujoyine elihamba amayunithi, okuyinto wasukela Minsk. Loluhlelo liyalingana ngomunye wemigomo lempi ukhiye - smash isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlangenwe nakho emavikini ekucala ezimbili ngxabano amaJalimane wabonisa ukuthi uchungechunge elihamba ukwahlukana benenkinga ukuhlaselwa ithangi zinokungaqeqesheki kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kunengqondo ukuthatha isiteleka pre-emptive kwi ucambalele Wehrmacht amabutho. Kwaba futhi kwakufanele ngokulandela isu impi ngokugcoba Senno.

Ngo-July 1941 wayengekho phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ukuze esiphikisayo okuhlukumezayo esifundeni. Iningi amabutho aseJalimane abahambanga empumalanga enyakatho-mpumalanga - kobuholi Wehrmacht wafuna ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kusheshiswe eWestern Dvina. Esikhathini band ushaye Soviet ababili kuphela ukwahlukana isitha (17 futhi Panzer 7th), nakuba Babeyimbangela amandla esesabekayo.

Ngobusuku obandulela impi

Kusihlwa 4 Julayi uSemyon Timoshenko (ngubani ngalolusuku induna Western Front) noLeo Herman Malandin Mehlis evunyiwe somyalelo ukuthi lo msebenzi wawumkhulu ukulungiselela balwe bebheke kulesi siqhingi Senno. Iphuzu sekupheleni okuhlaselayo eyayibekwe Lepel, okuyinto awunika igama lokuthi ukusebenza. Nokho, ku-counter e esikhawini sokuhlela yaseNtshonalanga Umhlahlandlela Front wenza iphutha elikhulu. Kwakuthinta ngephutha uhlolwa amakhono isitha ukuthi ngokusobala wawubonisa impi ye Senno. Izithombe kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona kwempi phakathi naleso msebenzi zicishe zakhubeka, kodwa omunye ukulahlekelwa kungaqondakala ukuthi zezakhi iRed Army kuhlulekile umgomo wayo.

Umyalo eWestern Front, shesha nenhlangano esiphikisayo kuhlasela futhi isikhathi ngoba ukusebenza kwesitha. Ngemva kwesonto, elihamba ukwahlukana isiJalimane, ophela imvelo Minsk futhi Bialystok "boilers" bebelokhu eduze lapho yayibambene khona ngezihluthu. Kulokhu, ibhalansi yamandla ishintshile cardinally. Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo Red Army uzithola esimweni nzima, futhi ukubambezeleka amahora ambalwa kuwufanele eqolo.

Ukulungele aphebeze 7th ngomshini Corps, elaliholwa Vinogradov emazweni asentshonalanga ye eMoscow Military District, omunye 24 Juni. Umshini ngamasondo hit umgwaqo ngaphansi kwamandla ayo, futhi zilandelwa izimoto yayigcwele ku amapulatifomu kajantshi. Endleleni ngomshini Corps wathola nezinselele ezintsha eziningana, njengoba isimo e Belarus siyashintsha ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu.

Ibhalansi amabutho

German 7th Panzer Division kwahluka ezingavamile isakhiwo ukwakha enjalo. Lalinama 4 Battalion. Isibalo amathangi kwaba irekhodi lonke Eastern Front - 265 ukulwa amayunithi, amasonto amabili elwa 25 kwalahleka zazo. Nokho, eSoviet 7th ngomshini Corps kuhlanganisiwe izimoto eziningi ngokuphindwe kabili.

Iningi kwepaki division German lalinabashumayeli onobuhle Czech "Skoda" 1938 ukukhiqizwa. Lezi amathangi engasindi kwadingeka 37 mm isibhamu kanye eqoqwe nge izipikili nemishudo izindlu. Uma hit i igobolondo isitha, lezi zinto sehla futhi zilimaza abantu crew. Ngakho ngokuthi "Skoda" isimangaliso lobuchwepheshe kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho babesalokhu ukukhanyisa PZ-II. zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali zabo ezincane 20 mm inganono. I samanje izingxenye Soviet hf ne-T-34. Imininingwane ubavumele ngesikhathi kudutshulwana nge eshiwo ngenhla German imodeli ukudambisa wonke kuleli paki, edlulele umonakalo ubuncane. Kuyinto kule mpi isithombe wakhe waba umculi UNikolai Nazarchuk. "Impi Senno" umculi Belarusian yaba enye yezindawo imifanekiso liyabonakala kakhulu impi.

Wezikhali kanye elihamba

I tank ukwahlukana amathangi babe "umkhonto iphuzu", kodwa yimuphi kumiswa enjalo ayekudinga "Flagstaff" - elihamba kanye wezikhali. Sasinjani isimo kulezi izingxenye e izigaba German? Wezikhali ibutho lalinabashumayeli izibhamu 36 - ikakhulukazi howitzers kanye izibhamu ambalwa. Lezi zibalo nesizotha okungaphezu namaSoviet. Izigaba ezimbili ithangi babe ababalelwa ekhulwini izibhamu. Ngokufanayo, isilinganiso kwaba elihamba: 15 elihamba Battalion iRed Army ngokumelene Wehrmacht at 4.

Emkhakheni elivela kuzo 7th ngomshini Corps Soviet inzuzo kwamanani kwakubangelwa ekabili, kuyilapho 5th ngomshini Corps izikhathi eziyisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili. Inani elikhulu amathangi kamuva owaba ithuba Ngokuqhathanisa Battle of Senno Prokhorovsky impi adumile phakathi Battle of eKursk ngo-1943.

5th ngomshini Corps kwadingeka e isakhiwo zazo ezihlukile - ezimbili ezengeziwe wezikhali ibutho banamathela kuwo. Lezi zingxenye kunezelwa kusukela abasebenzi inqolobane eWestern Front. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu futhi isakhiwo yizinambuzane wezikhali ibutho. Isici esibalulekile salo la maqembu kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa esindayo-howitzer izibhamu 122-mm 152-mm ubukhulu. Badale hhayi kuphela zezibalo, kodwa futhi bokuphakama qualitative phezu wezikhali isitha.

Battle of Senno angagcina ngisho ngokushesha, uma amaJalimane Ushiye e Borisov yakhe esinenjini elihamba ezimbili Ibutho, nebutho ithangi kanye Ibutho antitank. Lezi zingcezu basala ukukuqapha owela osendaweni ebalulekile Berezina. Lezi amayunithi besesandleni Senno kuphela ngo-July 7, ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwamanani ka 5th ngomshini Corps kabili.

Qala esiphikisayo

Julayi 5, 1941 waqala amalungiselelo impi ye Senno. 14 Panzer Division kanye 7th ngomshini Corps wenza imashi 40 olungamakhilomitha futhi sahlala isikhundla kokuqala for okuhloswe esiphikisayo kuhlasela. Lokhu kwaba endaweni Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR amakhilomitha 10 empumalanga Chernogostnitsa River. Enye 18th Panzer Division ukuthi ngandlela-thile imisiwe. Kwathi kuqambe kuba semini ngosuku olulandelayo, kodwa wagxila zombili lomfula Obolyanka. 5th ngomshini Corps wasiphakamisa izikhundla Orsha wesifunda.

Julayi 6 Battle of Senno Ufake isigaba asebenzayo. Ngezinye 14 Panzer amayunithi ezimbili (kufakwe yonke inkampani amathangi kanye Ibutho elihamba) kwamiswa. Lezi zinto zehlela baye bazama ukuphoqelela Chernogostnitsu futhi uhlale ngasentshonalanga emfuleni. empeleni Omunye iyunithi wakwazi ukugcina bridgehead amancane azungeze Sarraut echibini. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabutho ka-18 Panzer Division ifinyelele emaphethelweni esempumalanga Senno futhi kukhona Ufake impi kanzima amaJalimane. Kusihlwa, isitha waqhutshelwa ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi. Kulesi wemboni ngaphambili, amabutho aseSoviet waqhubeka azivikele. Kwaba impumelelo yabo kuphela kuze kuphele isikhathi ukusebenza.

ukuphazamiseka izinhlelo

Julayi 7 ithangi Impi yaqhubeka ngaphansi Senno. Zonke ngobusuku bangayizolo amasosha aseSoviet ngo-owela ukulungiselela Chernogostnitse. Ekuseni ngo-14 Panzer Division kwawenza ebhange esentshonalanga ukhiye emfuleni. Promotion yizinkulumo ngemva 4 amakhilomitha. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha abhekene amabutho esemqoka ye 7th Panzer Division. Uxhumano Soviet balahlekelwa esindayo futhi zinhlanga ogwini yasekuqaleni empumalanga. Bona ngabe sengibuyela insular futhi waqala kuhlengwe ingxenye Ngaphandle kwezinto zalo ezibonakalayo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaJalimane lasungula icasula ngasenyakatho Senno, lapho evikela 18th Panzer Division. IRed Army ngesinyenyela kulo muzi ngokucela emini ngo-July 8. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-5th ngomshini Corps kwaholela nempi enkulu nge amathangi isitha, 20 amakhilomitha eningizimu Senno. Wakwazi aphule ikholomu isiJalimane, kodwa balwe okwalandela abuyiselwe isimo esikhona manje.

Julayi 9 14 nele-18 Panzer Division wamonyuka waya ogwini olusempumalanga Obolyanka. AmaJalimane wathumba Senno waqala udlulele umgwaqo ovulekile Smolensk. 10 amayunithi kusengaphambili langena Oboltsy. Kwathi kuqambe kuba semini, amaJalimane wadlula amakhilomitha 40 wafinyelela emendweni, amakhilomitha angu-30 entshonalanga ye-Orsha. AbaseSoviet 5th ngomshini Corps wayebhekene usongo encirclement ephelele. umyalo wakhe wanquma ashona, njengoba kwenza izinsalela ukwahlukana zempi.

Ezenye futhi izizathu ukwehluleka

Ngakho, impi tank at Senno ngoba ibutho laseSoviet baba yize. Amabutho akazange afeze noma isiphi imisebenzi yabo. Ayikwazanga hamba nengxenye ukuba Lepel. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo igalelo main lasetshenziswa kwi flank ka Polotsk iqembu isiJalimane, kodwa esingalethi yisiphi ngokulahlekelwa - kuze yinto nje ufinyelelwe. Isonto lonke ekulweni lulahlekile azungeze 70% imishini. Izinsalela ithangi ukwahlukana elahlekile ingxabano yabo umthamo futhi kamuva aqhubeka Roll empumalanga, baze Wagcina ushabalele zibe "imbiza" eduze Smolensk.

Sasiyini isizathu salokhu ukwehluleka? Julayi 17, 1914 eduze nedolobhana Liozno e Vitebsk isiboshwa sathathwa uLieutenant lokuqala Yakov Dzhugashvili - indodana Iosifa Stalina. Phakathi kokuphenywa, wakhononda mayelana esabekayo emoyeni nokuhlasela Junkers German. Ukubuka efanayo wakhuthaza kule imibiko izinduna eMoscow. Kamuva bathuthela le historiography kweSoviet futhi sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe iqiniso ezingeguquleke. Isizathu esiyinhloko okwalahlekela lapho impi ka Senno, destructional kubhekwe futhi ikuyo yonke indawo zezindiza isiJalimane, kusukela ekuseni kwaze kwaba ubusuku agasele valivshuyu amabhomu iRed Army.

Nokho, ngokoqobo ngazo kwakuwukuzalwa ebudisi khulu. Yalimaza ukungakwazi izinduna ukuwuqondisa futhi ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi amaqembu ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iRed Army nje ngingenaso isipiliyoni beqhuba ezifana imisebenzi emikhulu, kuyilapho Wehrmacht wafika eSoviet Union, kuye kwadingeka ekunqobeni eYurophu. Konke lokhu singenziwa into engenamsebenzi bokuphakama zezinombolo and qualitative of amasosha aseSoviet.

State isakhiwo umyalo laqedwa emva yokucindezelwa yamuva. Iningi lempi abanolwazi, esidlule kuhlanganise kulwiwa, wadutshulwa phansi noma ehlezi emakamu. Lokhu kungaphazamisa njani kwempi ngo Senno. Imiphumela ngokushesha izinqumo eziwubuwula esigabeni sokuqala empini zazibonakala ezihlukahlukene kwezithiyo phezu Western Front. Lokhu kuthambekela sandile hhayi kuphela e Lepel esiphikisayo kuhlasela, kodwa futhi wonke 1941 umkhankaso.

ukulahlekelwa

Ngokuya ukulahlekelwa impi ye Senno ngo-1941 kwakuhambelana nokuka olinganise evamile impi. AmaJalimane elahlekile mayelana 1 Kushone 4 kwalimala (ukulahlekelwa Imininingwane zaba abantu 468). Kwalahleka mayelana amayunithi 50 imishini (amathangi). I ukulahlekelwa enkulu ezenzeka esikhathini belwa 5th ngomshini Corps Senno mayelana 7 - 9 Julayi.

Zonke ezinye zibalo e amabutho aseSoviet. 5th futhi 7th ngomshini Corps wayeshonelwe cishe yonke amathangi yayo (ingqikithi amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-1000, okuyinto-20 izikhathi obukhulu kunobukaJohane isitha). Ngisho nanamuhla, izazi-mlando ngempela yehlulekile ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani kuleyo nqubo. Izibalo, okuyinto yawela iRed Army imibiko umyalo ngokuvamile akazange zivumelana ngokoqobo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu abakwazi sehliselwe idatha German.

Nokho, nje ukwazi ukuthi uma igcwaliswe tank empini Senno 1941, 18th Armored Division akukho omunye amathangi 220, 14 - ostalos14 amathangi, 13 5 amathangi of 393. ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngcono isimo wayenaye izimoto. Ngokwesibonelo, Division 14 washiya izimoto 34 futhi 475 zesitimela, kanye 56 benzotsistern.

Imibiko Namaqiniso

nokushonelwa amabutho aseSoviet, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-isiJalimane, nekuhambisana olinganise okungalungile ngoba iSoviet Union ngo-1941. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusho kwemibiko esemthethweni ngaleso esifanayo 14-Panzer Division wabulala abantu 193, kwalimala 359, futhi ibike abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 eyinkulungwane elingekho. Nokho, lezi zibalo engabazekayo namuhla. Ziphikisana yokuthi ngo-July 25 ibutho elihlomile kwaba izingalo ezincane 552 kuphela (ngezibhamu), kuyilapho ngokusho kombiko ngaphandle umthamo wemvula phakathi kwababusi kwaba ukuhlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 izinkulungwane.

igebe Kakhulu phakathi isifiso ukuqondisa zokwakheka zingachazwa ngezinqubo amaqiniso futhi imibiko Fihla futhi kabusha ukwehluleka kwabo ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla ezingamaPutukezi. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala empini izindaba ezinjalo babe kuyinsakavukela. Kwaba azihlukile nempi ye Senno. I ukulahlekelwa iRed Army kanye Wehrmacht noma kunjalo abangu incommensurable, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi leli nani kukhombisa ngokusobala kakhulu yesigemegeme ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.