Museum lokuqala eRussia. Abavule Museum lokuqala eRussia?

Amagama eminye iminyuziyamu Russian aziwa zonke izakhamuzi zezwe lethu. Lokhu Hermitage, le Tretyakov Igalari futhi Curiosities. Lokho isikhungo yokugcina - Museum lokuqala eRussia.

Embasi Omkhulu kaPetru mina

Peter ngingena umlando kazwelonke njengoba wezinguquko konke. Nguye wasungula Museum lokuqala eRussia. Ngo 1698 kwakunguye owayehola ekukhulumeni lokuqala namakhosi ethu iseYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wahamba waya emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngaphakathi embasi Omkhulu ngokungaziwa ukuze singathwesi ezidonsela ukunakekela umuntu wakhe.

Kwakuphakathi European yalolu hambo uPetru mina into yokuqala eyafika engqondweni mayelana nokudala Museum sakhe. Nakuba izinhlangano ezinjalo Kwamiswa ngokusekelwa ababusi. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu eziningi German zigcinwe zabo "iKhabhinethi curiosities" agcina curiosities ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngolimi lwabo kukhona okuthiwa izakhiwo weKhabhinethi wangomhla zingama-Curiosities. UPetru wayehlale ikopishwe European ezweni lakubo. Ngakho-ke, i-Museum lokuqala eRussia ngokuthi nje - Curiosities.

inkosi Iningi washaya Netherlands naseNgilandi lokukhiqiza yabo yesimanje. Kula mazwe, it is hhayi zhadnichaya, ngathenga ezihlukahlukene - izincwadi, amathuluzi esayensi, amaminerali, izikhali. Konke lokhu kwakufanele kube ngesisekelo ukuchayeka, okuyinto ubeyohlala Museum lokuqala eRussia.

Kumila Kunstkamery

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, uPetru Angizange ngiwukhohlwe ngomcabango wabo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wathola incwadi evela Swedish ogwini aseBaltic. Kukulo muzi lapho Petersburg yasungulwa, lapho inhloko-dolobha washukumiseleka ngokushesha. Inkosi yayifuna Kunstkamera abasebenze uMfula iNeva. Lathuthela e Ngo 1714 iqoqo lakhe rarities Summer Palace. Kulo nyaka kubhekwa usuku abaqamba Kunstkammer. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ziphephile zazigcinwa e Moscow, izakhiwo Ihhovisi Aptekarskaya.

Museum wokuqala emlandweni eRussia kancane kancane yagcwala ziphephile entsha. Kakade ngonyaka ozayo Poroshenko waya ohambweni lwakhe lwesibili lobuthunywa eYurophu. EHolland, inkosi wavakashela Museum odumile u-Albert nguSebha. Lokhu esaphila wemithi lokuqoqa namaminerali ahlukahlukene, izitshalo kanye amagobolondo. Wathengisa izivakashi idume kakhulu iqoqo yakhe etshalwe, okuyinto ngokushesha wathola Museum lokuqala eRussia.

Lesi sakhiwo esisha Museum

Ngenxa yokuthi inombolo yezinto eye nelabamemezeli lakhula kancane kancane, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele weKhabhinethi wangomhla zingama-Curiosities entsha isakhiwo injongo-eyakhelwe wakhe. Isakhiwo sabekwa 1718. Le phrojekthi wenza eziningi abaklami, ngamunye kuwo waba ikhanda ngesikhathi esithile. Lawa kwakungamadodana: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel futhi Mikhail Zemtsov.

Ukwakhiwa yayincane kakhulu, futhi uPetru nimbone indalo yakhe. Washona ngo 1725, lapho esikhundleni Kunstkammer zazisekhona izindonga elingenalutho. Isakhiwo esikhona wavulwa kamuva. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1734. Lo msebenzi namuhla isakhiwo (esisogwini University Embankment). Kuye kwenziwa kuyo isitayela Petrine Baroque. Ngo umoya ofanayo ezakhiwa zonke izakhiwo lokuqala inhloko-dolobha entsha, lapho ezama ukunikela ukubukeka European ngempela.

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, umnyuziyamu sokuqala ngqa eRussia esifakwe yesikhashana Kikin Izingxoxo. Kukulo muzi lapho kokuthi kuvulwe emphakathini.

izikhungo isabelomali

Kwaba isakhiwo esikhulu ezimbili storey, Nokho, okuyinto, kwakungenele ukuze kuhlaliswe zonke ziphephile. Museum entsha awanaso isabelomali unomphela, kodwa wathola imali ehhovisi Sikasawoti, ihhovisi wezokwelapha. Lesi sakamuva ophingelwe abasebenzi amaholo. Babona phezu ukuphepha ziphephile, nokungeza eqoqweni.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, 1724, Peter mathupha ngaphambilini ukunikeza ruble 400 ngonyaka awukudla izivakashi. Uma siqhathanisa iKhabhinethi of Curiosities nabanye iminyuziyamu eYurophu ngaleso sikhathi, futhi lapho sizobona isithombe esehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ku Dresden a "curiosities iKhabhinethi" lase likhona ngenxa ukushaja izivakashi. Ngokufanayo, ukuze 'ithiphu "esebenza Ashmole Museum e Oxford English.

Museum ihlose

Museum lokuqala eRussia wavulwa hhayi ukufisa ukuceba, okungukuthi ukufundisa umphakathi e Petersburg ubuvila. Abaningi izicukuthwane akazange abe nesithakazelo isayensi, okuyinto akafani uPetru. Wayenethemba lokuthi okungenani awukudla khulula ngokokuqala ukuze Stoke isithakazelo mkhuba Outlandish. Yiqiniso, Kunstkammer wayengeyena ngesilinganiso kuphela ngokuqaphela kwakhe nabanye. Engingakusho nje ukuthi kwaba lapho yavela khona okokuqala inhlokodolobha, njalo iphephandaba Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvula esikoleni omusha eMoscow, lapho ongoti angaphandle bamenyiwe. Uyini Museum lokuqala eRussia? Yiqiniso, kungcono Curiosities, okuyinto kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye iyisikhungo isayensi, St hhayi kuphela Petersburg, kodwa kulo lonke izwe.

Ukucinga ziphephile ezifundazweni Russian

Isenzakalo esibalulekile kwaba ukudalwa Academy of Sciences. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1724. Khona-ke Curiosities waba ngaphansi Aegis lesikhungo entsha. Uphawu wanamuhla Russian Academy of Sciences yilona isakhiwo lokuqala Russian Museum.

Uma iqoqo lokuqala Kunstkammer babe kuphela babezizwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baqala "alulaze" ziphephile yasekhaya. Ngaphambi ukuthuthela Petersburg, uPetru wakhipha isimemezelo ngaphansi lapho eMoscow School ukwakheka komzimba womuntu kuhlinzwa eqoqwe ahlanganise ngaye.

NoPetru bazama ukwenza iqoqo njalo curiosities esifundazweni. Ngo 1717, wathumela umyalelo Voronezh Usigaxamabhande UStepan Kolycheva owawuyala catch, "izilwane Registry" njengobe kudzingeka endleleni Museum. Ngokufanayo, eSiberia umbusi Gagarin obekumele ukuthumela Petersburg amagobolondo.

mikhankaso yesayensi

Ngo zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina, uPetru mina wayenesithakazelo ngokukhethekile impahla Geological, etshalwe, zomlando, ngemivubukulo kanye bibliographical. Foundation Museum lokuqala eRussia kwaqondana inhlangano mikhankaso eminingi uye eMpumalanga. Abaningi babo baya beyofuna nezithako ezidingekayo ekukhuleni imboni yasekhaya. Ikakhulukazi ewusizo kule umqondo Ural - "Stone Belt" yezwe. imisebenzi Geodetic nazo eyenziwa ogwini aseBaltic, iCaspian, Black futhi Azov iziLwandle.

Ngo 1716-1718 GG. eduze Astrakhan kwatholakala eziningi zegolide kanye netintfo esiliva endala. Peter mina (umuntu abavule Museum lokuqala eRussia) banesithakazelo kakhulu le miphumela. Bathunyelwa Petersburg. Kwakuyisikhathi izinto womhlatshelo, ezisele umlomo iVolga izikhathi yobuqaba.

uhambo laseSiberia Messerschmidt

ukubaluleka okukhulu Kunstkammer eminyakeni yokuqala bomkhankaso ukuba uDaniyeli Messerschmidt. Lokhu sezitshalo German nodokotela uPetru wathunyelwa eSiberia ukuze kuqala ukuqoqa eziningi izinto ehlukile "iKhabhinethi yenkosi." The Emperor (abavule Museum lokuqala eRussia) kwaba kahle ukubaluleka the rarities eSiberia futhi ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi ngaphandle kwabo Curiosities kube engaphelele.

Messerschmidt hhayi kuphela ukuqoqa rarities, kodwa futhi lichaza ukuphila nezilimi abantu bomdabu lezi emaphethelweni. Usosayensi German akufumana bendawo ka wachitha esiningi izinyoni nezilwane, yena-ke alethwe Petersburg. Phakathi nalolo hambo, Messerschmidt ukuwo ezihlukahlukene emadolobheni: saseTomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, e-Irkutsk, Tyumen, njll ...

Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe ku Kunstkammer babe izinto abalulekile kwi ethnography, izincwadi kanye zobuciko aseMpumalanga. Kwakuwusuku izizwe Mongol, Chinese nezinye izizwe laseSiberia. Ukuze ukuhlola ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka uyathola ka umsebenzi okhethekile sebuqoqiwe. Messerschmidt kuthiwa isikhokhiwe yokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izindleko zohambo. Futhi naye sathathwa okubhaliselwe ukudalula amaqiniso amaningi ziphephile ekhaya.

okusho Kunstkamery

Ikakhulu ngenxa Kunstkammer Petersburg isibe inhlokodolobha yesayensi yezwe. Lapha kwafika Museum wokuqala oyimfihlo eRussia. Izicukuthwane abaningi abacebile baqala ukuhlangana amaqoqo zabo, babonisa kumagumbi ekhethekile esidlangalaleni.

Curiosities uqobo namuhla Museum anthropology, okuyinto nsuku zonke eqoqa omningi umphakathi ukwazi. Yanikwa igama Petru mina kuqashelwa amasevisi akhe amakhulu ukuze isayensi yasekhaya.