Ukuma kanye anatomy Yekhanda

Uma ulihlola ugebhezi elimangalisayo, singaphetha ukuqokomisa izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko. Futhi uzinake ukuthi le ngxenye skeleton kuhlanganisa amathambo okuxubile flat futhi womoya. ingxenye ngayinye ine isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo inkimbinkimbi, ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

anatomy Jikelele skeleton ikhanda

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela Yekhanda ukuhlola ukwehluka imisebenzi yayo; kungumnikelo usekelo izakhi umgudu kokuqala (ingaphakathi acinene nomlomo), ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxenye skeleton uba silahla ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese ubuchopho.

Ugebhezi kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ubuso kanye nobuchopho. Umngcele phakathi kwayo emaphethelweni engenhla kwezisekelo iso: ilandela kanye futhi sidlula suture Fronto-zygomatic. Ngenxa yalokho, emgqeni sokuvalelisa kuziwa phezulu inqubo mastoid kanye sokuzwa canal orifice.

Indlela engcono kakhulu ngempela ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo ekhanda lomuntu - kuba nesimo sendawo Yekhanda. Anatomy wengxenye umzimba kulokhu kuba sobala kakhulu. Phela, ngesifundo ehlukile amathambo, njengoba umthetho, bahlale eceleni ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile imfundo (izimbobo neziteshi), at kwalapho.

umnyango ingqondo

Eqinisweni, ngalo ingaphakathi of Nogebhezi lwawo iwukuqhutshwa umsele umgogodla. Le ngxenye skeleton siqukethe amathambo ezine ayibhangqiwe (occipital, sphenoid, engaphelele kanye ethmoid), kanye amabhangqa amabili (yesikhashana futhi parietal).

Uma uyinaka emnyangweni ubuchopho, singabona ukuthi ine ukuma ovoid futhi ihlukaniswe yaba base nophahla (ophahleni). Indima imingcele ephakathi kwabo udlala indiza, okungase ukuthwala kusukela ekuphakameni ngaphandle wethambo occipital ukuze nemengamo superciliary.

Isakhiwo ophahleni futhi base

Uphahla siqukethe occipital, yesikhashana, parietal, amathambo engaphelele kanye izikali. Ukuma kwendawo yendlela we cranial ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi zonke lezi zakhi zegazi akheke ekhethekile - amapuleti amabili. Omunye wabo ibhekene ingaphakathi ikhanda, omunye wangaphandle.

Ingxenye lowermost Yekhanda, ngokuthi isisekelo futhi ine yangaphandle kanye ebusweni engaphakathi. Kukhona misa, phambi kanye maphakathi fossa cranial. Basuke etholakala ebusweni engaphakathi isizinda. Endabeni ingaphandle sendawo base skull zisenza sikwazi ukubona condyles wakhe futhi izinqubo of amathambo, beso, futhi choanae.

Njengoba ubona, isakhiwo idatha umnyango ngempela inkimbinkimbi.

Ithambo eyinhloko Nogebhezi lwawo

Ngokufunda Izingxenye ezisemqoka le ngxenye skeleton ikhanda, asinakulishalazela ebusweni amaphiko. Nangu ithambo occipital. Ngaphandle, it has simise convex, ingaphakathi - ngilugweda. Lokhu ithambo kukhawulwe Magnum foramen, yokuxhuma umsele vertebral nge umgodi.

Ukuma neurocranium likusiza ukuthi uthole ithambo yesikhashana, okuyinto ikamelo umusi kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke. Ukuthi umzimba balance nokuzwa. Le ndawo yokuba inhloko lwamathambo ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezintathu: enamadwala, izigubhu kanye zibe maholoholo.

Ngaphakathi ithambo yesikhashana iziteshi eziningana ezibalulekile. Musculo-ipayipi, ubuso ukuwozela, canaliculus mastoid, njll Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulimala kule ndawo kuyingozi kakhulu.

Futhi skull sendawo evumela ukuba bagcine ebuchosheni we-cuneiform. Siqukethe amabhangqa amathathu ezihlobene nomzimba. A athambekele phakathi frontal (ngaphambili), ithambo occipital (ngemuva). I ipuleti medial ukuthi kuyingxenye iphiko ezihlobene ukwakha umgodi acinene.

Ubuchopho kuyingxenye lwamathambo ekhanda okuqondile futhi, parietal, bese ithambo elingaphansi ethmoid.

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela Yekhanda ebusweni

Uma banake lokhu ingxenye skeleton ikhanda, singabona isakhiwo kubenzima. Kufanele kuqale ongenhla, okuyinto ikamelo umusi futhi siqukethe izinqubo ezine (LasePalatine, frontal, zygomatic, alveolar) futhi umzimba. Emzimbeni secrete acinene, esemkhathini, infratemporal kanye phambi kobuso.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi engenhla emhlathini iqhaza ukwakheka ingaphakathi acinene, futhi pterygium-palatal imigodi infratemporal, kanye umlomo futhi iso enethiwekhi.

Skull sendawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba anqume ithambo zygomatic. Libuye futhi ikamelo umusi kanye nokuqinisa phambi ingxenye. Le ngxenye ye-skeleton ikhanda kuhlotshaniswa engaphelele, amathambo yesikhashana futhi ongenhla.

LasePalatine bone futhi edlala indima ebalulekile. Kungatholakala kubhalwe ngemuva ongenhla. Imingcele kwalesi sakhi Yekhanda aphume phambili yenqubo pterygoid wethambo sphenoid. INSIMU ulwanga siqukethe amapuleti perpendicular futhi ovundlile.

Umhlathi ongezansi, yena, iyona kuphela ithambo ayibhangqiwe futhi ilungu ezithathekayo we skeleton ikhanda. It has amagatsha amabili futhi umzimba. Ngesikhathi ithambo yesikhashana yakha joint temporomandibular. Ngqo umzimba ngokwawo has simise izimisele futhi ehlanganisa i ayizindunduma zangaphandle kwangaphakathi evele ngilugweda.

Futhi phambi skeleton ikhanda has a acinene, lacrimal, ithambo hyoid, Coulter futhi condylar inqubo.

Ngakho, nesimo sendawo Yekhanda kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi le ngxenye yomzimba womuntu ingenye eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo futhi yenza umsebenzi ukusekela futhi uyavikela, kodwa futhi edlala indima ebalulekile yokuphefumula nowokugaywa kokudla.