Amathuluzi sidilizwa: igama

Namuhla, ezikrinini ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela movie ngokuphila yomuntu nezakudala. Kodwa kwakuyini? I Cro-magnon ukwenza-spare time sakho? Yini amathuluzi lasendulo kungabonwa esikhathini sethu?

Zonke lezi mibuzo uzothola izimpendulo ngokufunda kulesi sihloko.

okusho

Lo mqondo lokuqala okwakubhalwe ka noKarla Marksa. Yena ukuchaza ngokuthi "yindlela mechanical zomsebenzi." Kuyinto ngenxa Ukwahlukaniswa okutholakele kanye nokulungisa periodization zonke izinkinga ukukhiqizwa izihloko, usosayensi German iye yaqinisekisa inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela kwemvelo emphakathini.

Lawo, uma sikubeka ulimi eqondakalayo, ithuluzi - kuyinto yisiphi isihloko, sibonga ngalo sisebenzela ngezinto zemvelo futhi uthole izinto esizidingayo. Isibonelo, uma uthatha umkhonto ukubulala omkhulukazi, ke siyokondliwa sakwembathisa, sonke isizwe. Kulokhu, umkhonto - isikhali ngokuzingela ukusebenza.

imisebenzi womuntu lasendulo

Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela Darwin, umuntu wavela izimfene. Ngempela, abavubukuli baye bathola izinsalela ezincelisayo, okuyinto skull isakhiwo kukhona izici kwezinkawu abantu.
Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, indoda Neanderthal ... Lona esiteji zesikhashana ezivela ezweni isilwane ukuze indoda.

Umbono wethu yesimanje libizwa Sapiens ka-Homo (Homo sapiens), noma Cro-magnon. Ukuvela kungokwalabo inkathi eyiminyaka engu-40,000 edlule.

Izici ukuthi ukuhlukanisa abantu ezilwaneni, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona inkulumo kanye nekhono nangendlela ithonya izenzakalo. Lokho, umuntu oqeqeshiwe ukwenza amathuluzi zomsebenzi abamagama asazi lasendulo, kodwa asikwazi ukubuyisela ngokubukeka kwabo.

Ngakho yini okhokho bethu? Yonke imizamo babegxile kakhulu sokusinda. Isikhathi esivamile okulindeleke ukuba was hhayi ningi than engamashumi amathathu. Indlala, izilwane ezidla ezinye, izingxabano zezizwe ezingomakhelwane, isifo - zonke lezi zici inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba khona kwabantu bakudala.

Ngakho, ukuzingela nokubuthanela zakhiwa ukondla isizwe. Ukuthunga futhi ukushuka izikhumba - ukuze ivumelane abantu vimbela amakhaya.

ukuzingela

Ngesisekelo ekudleni phansi ekhuluma ngabantu basendulo kwaba inyama. Khulisa okusanhlamvu izitshalo yemifino, wayesalokhu wayengazi ukuthi, futhi izitshalo zasendle ezidliwayo yonkana hhayi kaningi, futhi ayibi esinabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhathini avuthiwe, esiphezulu - izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.

Ngakho, abazalwane baqala ukufuna indawo yokudoba main, elibhekene nomse- abantu basendulo. Amathuluzi lokhu kufaneleka. Ungase ubuze, sazi kanjani. Phela, iningi impahla awulona uyakwazi iminyaka abaningi bakhulume amanga emhlabeni, futhi basindiswe. Lokhu kunjalo, kodwa amathambo itshe kancane ekuthonyweni umonakalo, ikakhulukazi umhlabathi eqandisiwe noma owomile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla kukhona izizwe eziningi abasahlala ngaphansi bakudala uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. Lokhu umzingeli-ababutha e-Afrika eseningizimu, i-Australia, i-Pacific Islands futhi esifundeni sase-Amazon. Ngokutadisha kubo, ethnographers ukukhiqiza kabusha izinto ezazikhona amakhulu ezinkulungwane edlule.

Ikakhulu, amathuluzi asetshenziswayo ezingelwa ngezinduku namatshe. Kamuva, kwakukhona imimese nemikhonto iloliwe, futhi harpoons, ukufana umkhonto. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu sidalwe izikhali idandili lemitshoko.

Zonke lezi mathuluzi lasendulo engasiza umuntu ukuba abe ngokushesha futhi kunamandla nezilwane ezizungezile. Kakade, akekho amazinyo abukhali noma izimpiko wawobaba ayizange.

ukuhlangana

Lapho aphenya amathuluzi lasendulo, amagama zifike endleleni. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi 'induku-digger'. Ikhona yini enye indlela ukusho ngendaba, esithathelwe izimpande umhlaba, kodwa lokwela ke ukude efanayo?

Ngokuvamile, iningi izinto abantu abahlakaniphile basendulo basebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Okungukuthi, ummese esikhundleni lokwela, imfoloko, izikhali, ngezinye izikhathi bushelelezi. Njengoba ikhiqiza izinto yokuthi kwakunzima, izinto kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi amagama okuhle nokuphumelelayo banikwa, futhi bedlula ifa.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthola amapuleti, ezidingekayo ukuze ummese, ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka enze engaphezu kwekhulu amagalelo ku workpiece - Nucleus. It is hhayi njalo Flint ishq off endaweni efanele, ngisho nalapho ngokusebenzisa ezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla, ingasaphathwa umthelela itshe evamile?

Ukuqoqa izithelo emagatsheni usebenzisa amatshe, tindvuku, umbe - izinsalela, imimese, ukumba induku.

Imoto yokuqala

Ancient amathuluzi bokusebenza komuntu bakudala zazidingeka kakhulu. Ahloselwe isinyathelo okwe ukucutshungulwa eziyisisekelo. Mayelana yimuphi trifles ubucwebe kanye filigree umsebenzi amakhosi namanje awuhambanga.

Singabantu manje cores eyaziwa futhi scrapers, imimese, okuyinto ayenziwa ngesikhumba ucezu olulodwa yokuqala, bese uya kusuka ishq. Kamuva, kwakukhona amashizolo, izimbazo kanye namanye amathuluzi.

Yikuphi ngokuyinhloko wayebakhathalela abantu ngalezo zikhathi ezinzima? Ukuphepha, ukudla, ukufudumala. Ngokuba ukuphila, bahlala isiphephelo yemvelo - emigedeni, amawa, emihosheni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sathola umbiko ukwakha maqhugwane futhi wenze umlilo.

Mayelana kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukudla eshiwo ngenhla. Yini nokushisa? Yayiyini amathuluzi lasendulo, kulesi simo, nendlela yayisetshenziswa? Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi ngokuhamba babe izinto ususondele. Scrapers futhi imimese izikhumba eyenziwe silicon. Lokhu amaminerali unalo impahla kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi it is kahle foliated, nomunye - unamandla kakhulu.

Izinaliti eyenziwe izinsalela amathambo isilwane noma inhlanzi. Nakuba ekuqaleni kwakunzima nje usungulo. Eyelet lalibukeka kamuva kakhulu.

Chisel, isando, kwaphakama sokuprakthiza lapho kwakunesidingo ngabo. asetshenziswa Lawa mathuluzi, njengoba kunjalo namhlanje, ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu, gouging izikebhe nezinye imisebenzi.

Iqhaza amathuluzi ekutfutfukiseni bantfu

Ososayensi namuhla nesithakazelo kubantu lasendulo kuphela. amathuluzi ngokwabo nazo ulwazi oluningi.

Okokuqala, ngokuvumelana eyinkimbinkimbi lezinto, kumele kuphetfwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane emphakathini, ukwakheka kwamaqembu abantu. Omunye kungaba yokuzingela, ezifana nezinyamazane. Kodwa iyodwa ukuba bulala udle woolly, ngisho ngosizo izihlobo, kuyoba nzima.

A isizwe kwaba isiko, ukubeka izithakazelo iqembu ngaphezu nezifiso abantu. Ngakho-ke, throwers umkhonto, neminsalo ngaphambi abonisa inkulumo nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano imisebenzi. Ngakho, lapho abaholi Ususithathile kakade ivelele, okwacaca zenze iqembu uhole iqembu ukukhomba.

Okwesibili, ngokutadisha amathuluzi lasendulo, singabona ukuthi ziyafana nomunye, ngisho noma kungadlula izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Okungukuthi, kwaba inqubo yokufunda indlela nokuwakhiqiza.

izinsimbi zomculo zasendulo zomsebenzi namuhla

Namuhla, thina Yiqiniso, spoilt ezingeni yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa imikhankaso ngendima ummese nensika engakaze kukhanselwe. Kodwa lokhu ukubaleka.

ngokoqobo namuhla liwukuthi ukuze uhlangana nomuntu, ngokusebenza okuyikho okwenza atlatl nomnsalo, udinga ukuya ezindaweni ezikude iplanethi. KwabaThwa, isibonelo, i-savannah Afrika namanje bahlala the Stone Age. Abazenzi ngempela ukuqonda izinto sisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, kabasebabili namuhla ona okutshalwe ngenkani we "isidalwa ukunethezeka." Abacwaningi nje sifunde indlela yabo yokuphila nasendleleni yabo yokuphila.

Imikhonto boomerangs, uyakhothama futhi Bolas asetshenziswa ngempumelelo e ahlukahlukene. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa ezingeni lesizwe sawo, uthi amathuluzi abo.

Ngokwesibonelo, Avstraliyskie Aborigeny awazi uLuka, owayengudokotela kakade indlela yokusebenzisa e-Afrika. Esifundeni sase-Amazon nasesikhathini Prairies ukusabalala Bolas (ezimbili Sinker, sasondelana lesikhumba wayibhinca) - i-prototype ye ngendwayimane. Futhi bayakhothama kodwa hhayi kakhulu okudingekayo.

Museums - tibonwa kubafundi

Manje zicabange Daze yakho ku aphansi bacelwa ukuba uqophe iphepha amathuluzi ezifanayo. Wasetshibilika kuwe usizo. Udweba kanjani amathuluzi zomsebenzi lasendulo? Ungahambi kahle lokhu Australia ukubona induku yokumba.

Namuhla, kuba ngokuphelele akudingekile. Ungajabulela ukuqoqwa olubanzi uyathola kunoma iyiphi umlando wendawo, mlando, bemivubukulo noma ethnographic Museum.

Inhlanhla kuwe, abafundi abathandekayo!