Alexander, Grand Duke. Umlando Empire Russian

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich wazalwa Apreli 13, 1866 ku Tiflis. Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa Navy futhi Air Force. Lokhu ilungu ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini zikhunjulwe imiklamo yabo design, ubuholi esifushane yohwebo zasolwandle, futhi esebenzayo esikhathini ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngemuva kulwiwa.

Esakhula

Grand Duke wayeyindodana Mikhail Nikolayevich nomzukulu koMbusi Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, he is a umzala. Umbusi zokugcina, uNicholas II yayibalulekile-umshana wakhe. Umama ka-Alexander - Olga Fedorovna - kwaba German ngokuzalwa. Yayiyindodakazi of Duke Leopold laseBaden.

Ngiseyingane, Ngokuzayo Tsar uNicholas II kwadingeka abangane osondelene. Omunye ukubakhulekela kwakubhekwa njengokuvukela Alexander. Grand Duke futhi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi kwaba cishe engu okufanayo umehluko kweminyaka emibili. Thanda abameleli abaningi ezincane zeNdlu Romanov, u-Alexander uye bakhethe umsebenzi wezempi. Yena ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala Marine Metropolitan College, lapho lathweswa iziqu ngo-1885. Le nsizwa wathola isikhundla Iphoyisa futhi zaphumela ukuba babhalisele Guards. Kukhethwa wayengekho ngephutha. Onogada iyingxenye ehlonishwayo asolwandle ka ingxenye Imperial Guard.

Umhlaba uhambo

Ngo-1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich waya circumnavigate wonke, besuka njengoba midshipman. Grand Duke zagudla Iplanethi bronepalubnom corvette "insimbi." Ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi, umkhumbi langena emanzini indawo ye Brazil ezikude. Alexander baze bakhokhela ukuvakashelwa isikhulu e IGdańsk uMbusi Pedro II. Monarch sihlangabezane isivakashi Russian e sokuhlala kwakhe alpine Petropolis, lapho walinda zenith esishisayo eningizimu ehlobo. Nje kweminyaka embalwa, uPedro asiyeke, Brazil iba i-republic.

Grand Duke wenza stop eNingizimu Afrika. Elapho bajwayelana ukuphila futhi kanzima umsebenzi abalimi Dutch. Kusukela Cape Town waqala ushintsho elide kakhulu "Rynda" - eSingapore. Lo mkhumbi wachitha olwandle izinsuku 45, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi nomsizi wakhe abawubonanga ndawana esondela ezweni. Ngokwe-Umlando ka-Aleksandru Mikhailovich, yileyo naleyo ndlu wesibili e Chinatown Singapore kwakuyilungelo den opium, lapho abathandi zomuthi ke ethandwa.

Lakhe lama-21 lokuzalwa umzala wabe esehlangana inkosi endleleni eya e-Hong Kong. Khona-ke yena wachitha iminyaka engaba mibili e Nagasaki, lapho waya uhambo India, e-Australia kanye ne-Philippines. EJapane, Grand Duke wavakashela IGdańsk umbusi ngisho ngafunda ulimi lwasendaweni. "Rynda 'ayebuyele eziphambekweni-Europe entwasahlobo ka-1889, ngemuva bedlula Suez Canal eGibhithe. Ngaphambi uthola endlini, Grand Duke wavakashela isivakashi zeNdlovukazi uVictoria, owathatha Romanov baboniswe nomoya wokungenisa izihambi, yize enye yaleyo nkathi enzima yokuba nobudlelwane British-Russian.

Ngezinye Alexander Mikhailovich ayenakho yacht sakhe "Ukhona uTamara." Kuwo, nohambo kaningana. Ngo-1891, "Ukhona uTamara" wavakashela e-India. Ngemva nje uhambo U-Alexander waba umlawuli ku umchithi "Revel" Ngo 1893, yena kanye isigaba saya beyohlala eNyakatho Melika. Ama-frigate bird "Dmitry Donskoy" nezinye imikhumbi Russian bathunyelwa-Nguqulo Yezwe ngesikhathi kugujwa iminyaka engu-400th yokutholakala yayo uColumbus.

umshado

Ngo-1894 kakade kwaba Alexander - Grand Duke - olingana uLieutenant. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu ukukhuthazwa washada. Alexander nomkakhe baba Xenia Alexandrovna. Grand Duchess udadewabo omncane uNicholas II. Wayazi umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo kusukela ebuntwaneni - Wayewavakashela njalo Gatchina, lapho kwakukhona abantwana bakwa-Alexander III.

Slim Brunette ubude wayewukuphela uthando abasha Xenia. Eyokuqala ngemizwa yakhe, watshela umfowabo u-Nicholas, owanibizela umngane Alexander Sandro. Wedding Grand Duke futhi Grand Duchess senzeka Julayi 25, 1894 ePeterhof. Lo mbhangqwana kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa - wamadodana ayisithupha nendodakazi eyodwa (Irina, u-Andrei Fedor, Nikita, uDmitri, Rostislav futhi Basil).

Ukunakekela Navy

Ngo-1891 u-Alexander waqala ukusakaza lwemibhalo "lasolwandle", okuyinto eyaba umagazini ethandwa kakhulu ngoxhaxha yasekhaya. Ngawo lowo nyaka unina eshona Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke alalelwa kakhulu isimo Pacific Fleet. Ukuze uqinise ke, Alexander wachitha iminyaka eminingi ekulungiseleleni uhlelo lwamasu wezinguquko yayo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wethulwa uNicholas II ngo-1895.

Nakuba eMpumalanga Ekude kwaba ukubuyisa - e China kwakukhona isiphithiphithi uphazamise nezimoto Japan olwesimanje ngokushesha futhi waqala ukufuna isihloko amandla main esifundeni. Lokho ngaphansi kwalezi zimo Ngenza Alexander? Grand Duke ezihlongozwayo ukuqhubeka kusukela lokuthi Japan okhula ngokushesha, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukumemezela ukulwa neRussia. Lapho esemusha, wachitha iminyaka emibili Ezweni YeJapan, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi wayebona mathupha intuthuko ukuthi sesifikile ngesikhathi esifushane esiqhingini umbuso.

Nokho, isixwayiso Grand Duke sika wabizelwa Petersburg ukucasuka. Okuningi esiphakeme kwezempi namalungu lwamakhosi kwakungekaNkulunkulu Japan njengoba isitha ababuthakathaka, futhi akazange abheke isidingo sokulungiselela umkhankaso nzima. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi babekhuluma iphutha. Noma kunjalo, isimiso azizange zamukele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ukungavumelani ngekusasa ngoxhaxha umhlala yena Alexander wathunyelwa kafushane. Grand Duke wabuya sokuyokhonza e 1898, ekubeni isikhulu phezu yempi coastguard "Jikelele-Admiral Apraksin".

ubunjiniyela impumelelo

Izikhungo ukuba "Apraksin" Grand Duke wanika nakho olukhulu, okuyinto kwakheka isisekelo emsebenzini mklamo wakhe. Ngo-1900, amasosha eseqedile emfushane yempi seagoing coastguard "Admiral Butakov". Waba rethinking ka "Apraksin". Ndawonye Alexander Mikhailovich wayesebenza ku kubona kukhona nonjiniyela omkhulu iphrojekthi capital womkhumbi port Dmitriy Skortsov.

Enye izithelo emisebenzini zomklamo Grand Duke - yempi project ukuhamba amathani 14,000. Wathola eyishumi nesithupha izibhamu. An project ezifanayo kanyekanye Alexander Mikhailovich iziqu unjiniyela abadumile asolwandle Vittorio Kunibert. Lokhu emfushane Wawugujelwani ukwakhiwa lwemikhumbi ikilasi "Regina Elena". Umehluko emkhatsini imibono Kunibert futhi Omkhulu Duke kwaba kuphela yokuthi la umqondo wezwe elingaphansi isiNtaliyane, ngokungafani kuya ukushintshashintsha Romanova, phela isigcwaliseke.

IKhabhinethi woNgqongqoshe

Ngo-1903, ngesikhathi Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich kwavela izindaba ezinhle Palace. Wakhushulelwa engemuva Admiral. Ngaphambi Grand Duke iminyaka emibili kwaba Induna yempi "Rostislav". Manje u-Alexander egxile ekukhonzeni bureaucratic. Waya e-Ofisini-Merchant Shipping Council. Alexander wathonya inkosi ukuguqula ejensi. Ngo-November 1902 uMkhandlu baba General Directorate of-Merchant Ukuthumela Izimbobo, futhi empeleni - Senkonzo.

Ngungqondongqondo futhi wasemuva induna ejensi entsha walo wayenguNkulunkulu ngokwakhe Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Imikhumbi Russian lalidinga esizimele ezazizovikela izinzuzo zalo ukuhweba, wacabanga Romanov. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abanezinhloso ezinhle noma ukuqondiswa wohlanga olukhulu, kwadingeka abhekane kancane aphikisayo izikhonzi. Abayithandi ukuthi ilungu lomndeni wasebukhosini wangenela umsebenzi uhulumeni. Cishe wonke IKhabhinethi waphenduka ukuphikiswa Alexander Mikhailovich. ayesebenza nabo benza okusemandleni abo ukuze athonye uMbusi ukuncibilikisa General Administration. Lokhu kwakwenziwa 1905. Ngakho, Grand Duke kanye ingane akuhlalanga iminyaka emithathu.

I ilwa neJapane

C obhekwe neMpi Russian-Japanese, Navy of the Empire, Russian wabhekana nenselele engathí sina. Alexander, owamnika kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuthi umkhankaso. Wathatha ophethe imisebenzi nokuqeqeshwa ukwesekwa isitsha eyayithengwe Zinikele Fleet. Khona-ke base ephethwe ikomidi ukuhlela ukuqoqwa iminikelo ukuze aqinise le squadrons lempi.

Ngo-1905, kulandela ukuqedwa nenkonzo yakhe, Alexander waba induna lamabutho ka abachithi futhi Cruisers, okwami, ethunywe ku amakhambi abantu. Lapho kuphakama umbuzo ngokuthumela Pacific isigaba yesibili ogwini eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Grand Duke wakhuluma ngokumelene lesi sinqumo, ucabangela imikhumbi Akakwazanga okulungiselelwe. Ngisho nangemva kokuphela kweMpi Russian-Japanese ezinkulu-umalume inkosi yena, wathatha ingxenye ekulungiseleleni izinhlelo futhi uhlela ukwakha kabusha niphihlizwe umlandeli ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umkhankaso asolwandle.

Admiral kanye nomvikeli zezindiza

Ngo-1909 Grand Duke baba amaphini sezempi yini. Ngawo lowo nyaka uyise eshona, Mikhail Nikolaevich. Ngemva kwamashumi amabili, yena waba umbusi eCaucasus, ngisho 24 ubudala - Usihlalo uMkhandlu Wombuso. Mikhail nginezingane eziyisithupha, no-Aleksandru wahlala isikhathi eside kunabo bonke abafowabo nodadewabo.

Ngo-1915, e-Grand Duke waba undunankulu. Nokho, imisebenzi yayo ukhathazekile hhayi kuphela imikhumbi. Alexander kuye kwafeza lukhulu sokuthuthukiswa yamabhanoyi kazwelonke. Kwaba ngokusuka kwakhe ngo-1910 yasungulwa Sevastopol isikhulu zezindiza esikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhulu-umalume yenkosi induna Imperial air force. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Grand Duke zihlolwe imikhumbi nezindiza.

The Revolution futhi kulwiwa

I Februwari revolution sashintsha isigubhukane empilweni yonke Romanovs. amalungu asebukhosini zisusiwe ibutho. Alexander Mikhailovich yaxoshwa inkonzo, ngenkathi sigcina iyunifomu. Uhulumeni wesikhashana wakuvumela ukuba siphile izindlu sakhe YaseCrimea. Mhlawumbe nje hambisa esifike ngesikhathi eningizimu bophulwe isakhamuzi Romanova. Kanye naye eCrimea wathutha Xenia Alexandrovna nezingane zabo.

Alexander akuwenzanga Russia kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina. Phakathi Yombango eCrimea izikhathi eziningana lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Lapho amandla enhlonhlweni wathutha okwesikhashana amaBolshevik, le Romanovs kwakusengozini ofayo. Khona-ke eCrimea waba ngaphansi kweJalimane. Ngemva Ukuthula Brest yayo eside aphethwe umbimbi amazwe Entente White. Yilokho lapho u-Alexander nomkhaya wakhe wanquma ukulishiya Russia. Ngo-December 1918, waqhubeka umkhumbi British eFrance.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

In Paris, U-Alexander waba ilungu umhlangano zezombusazwe Russian. Lesi sakhiwo yasungulwa Soviet umbuso okubhekenwe ukuze bamele izimfuno ezweni lakhe ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inkomfa Versailles. Ekupheleni 1918 waphelela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala futhi manje owawina lizwe kwenzekani ukunquma isiphetho Europe. ERussia, okuyinto ngaphambi amaBolshevik liqala ukubusa ngobuqotho kwenziwe umsebenzi wabo kuze Entente, waba bancishwa isethulo Versailles okwesikhathi ukuthula ehlukile eJalimane. Abasekeli ukunyakaza ezimhlophe bazama ukuyibamba banner ayeka, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Alexander wasebenzisa yonke ingcebo yalo ukuze athonye yohulumeni bangaphandle ukuba agumbuqele amaBolshevik, kodwa futhi kuhlulekile.

Imizamo kwabokufika, njengoba wazi, noma kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Phakathi abaningi Grand Duke baya eYurophu, enethemba lokuvuselela maduze abuyele ekhaya. Yena wayengeyona ngilixhegu, muva wangenela umbundu engamashumi amahlanu, futhi babheke phambili ekusaseni elingcono. Namkha kunjalo, njengawo ezinye izifiki ezimhlophe, Aleksandru kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-kwelinye izwe. indawo yakhe yokuhlala wakhetha France.

Grand Duke wayeyilungu izinhlangano eziningi eziyizihambi. Yena wayengusihlalo walo Union of Russian pilot wezempi, futhi wayehlanganyela emisebenzini usethe Petrom Vrangelem Russian Military Union. Romanov basiza izingane eziningi ekudingisweni e-esimweni esibucayi kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila umzala uNicholas II waya umsebenzi Umlando zabo. Ngo liprintiwe izinkumbulo Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Incwadi Memories") yashicilelwa ngo-1933 e ummemezeli Paris. Umbhali washona ngemva nje ukubukeka umsebenzi wakhe ezitolo. Washona ngo-February 26, 1933 edolobheni resort of Roquebrune kwi-Cote d'Azuri. Alpes-Maritimes futhi babe nendawo yokuphumula izinsalela ngomfazi Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Yena ushiye umyeni wakhe weminyaka engu-27, wafa-Ephreli 20, 1960 in the British Windsor.

Umlando ka Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich namuhla lesikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo emhlabeni isikhathi emlandweni waleli zwe. Ngemuva kokuwa ubukhomanisi, inkumbulo Romanov ekhaya, kanye nabanye abameleli eziningi ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini, wagcina abuyiselwe. Ngo-2012, eSt kwaba ngokudayisa ngethusi. nombhali lesikhumbuzo waba umqophi wemifanekiso ilungu KaHulumeni ye-Russian Academy of Arts Albert Charkin.