Inqubomgomo Domestic kanye Politika angaphandle Aleksandra 3. Incazelo emfishane kwethebula

"Umenzi Wokuthula" - kuchaziwe wokubusa Alexander 3. yangaphakathi kanye nomgomo wezangaphandle owawuse lokhu eNgophezukonke lolungenamaphutsa. Wayengahlezi uzilungiselele indlalifa, kodwa u-Alexander waba ziba ngu ukuqondana kwezinto ezibuhlungu. Loving ekhaya, radeyuschie abantu bakhe, ukuthi ungubani, wakwazi ukukhulisa isimo, bekhathele beyingcuba ngenxa impi ne abaseTurkey, kokubili ngokwezimali nangokuziphatha. Lena noyedwa kubabusi abambalwa ababezimisele liyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu baphila ngaphandle izimpi, ngoba ngenxa yokubusa kwakhe uMbuso Russian kwadingeka lutho oluphikisana yimiphi uthi. Lesi sihloko sizochaza indlela uMbusi u-Alexander kwaba 3. inqubomgomo Domestic futhi angaphandle uchaze kafushane futhi sihlaziye.

Alexander III: ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi

yaba khona kanjani esihlalweni sobukhosi, u-Alexander? Akazalwanga yindlalifa. Ifa umqhele kwaba umfowabo omdala, uNicholas. Nokho, lona wamuva abashonayo usakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander abasha ngokushesha saqala nokukulungiselela ngenhlonipho bangafunda kuyise - uMbusi u-Alexander II.

Ngokuvamile, u-Alexander III yalungiswa i-career brilliant lempi, kodwa izinhlelo akuzange kube njalo. Ngemva kokufa komfowabo, Tsesarevicha Nikolaya, u-Alexander ngokushesha ukufundisa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, ezesayensi yokuma komhlaba, neminye imikhakha yesayensi, kudingekile umbusi esizayo.

Kanye umqhele Nicholas Alexander ithola futhi umakoti, inkosazana yase-Denmark ekubhapathizweni lapho wathola ogama lakhe linguMariya. Abantu abasha abangu ngakho washaqeka ngokufa we Umqhele Prince, elalibe ezwana, ukuthi izibulo owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi UNicholas.

Lokhu kwaba yisiqalo wokubusa Alexander III? Ephelelwe amandla neligwadulekile Russian-Turkish ezweni elikhungethwe yimpi, okudlangile emelene nohulumeni inhliziyo yonke namaqembu omphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi ubaba uMbusi u-Alexander II wabulawa abashokobezi.

Zemskaya guqula zokwahlulela

1 Mashi 1881 ethathe ubukhosi, u-Alexander 3. Domestic nomgomo wezangaphandle kungenziwa libhekene kafushane kanje: ukuqina nokuzimisela. Ake sicabangele izici eziyisisekelo.

Eyokuqala, okuyiwona wathatha lo mbusi omusha, - ukucindezelwa nanoma ibuphi ephikisayo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi inecala kakhulu izifo waseRussia. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubaba wakhe naye waba isisulu ubuphekula, okuyinto uvela erudition ngokweqile. U-Alexander II kwaba umqaphi imfundo, kunokusebenza ukudla izinhlobo eziningi Alexander III konrresheny.

Ngo-1884 yena wakhipha isimemezelo mayelana nemisebenzi iyunivesithi (okuyinto umbusi wabo kubhekwe Kugcwele khulula-ukucabanga). Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we waqeda zonke izinhlobo emihlanganweni kohlaka izikhungo zemfundo, izinkantolo ziye zathi umfundi; kutfola imfundvo lephakeme yavalwa kuya emakilasini aphansi.

Ngokuqondene neziphathimandla zendawo, liye uqiniswa izinyathelo ezilandelayo: zemstvos baba isandla ukugada nababusi nezikhulu umthetho ngokucijile nemibandela. Izikhulu yayimane nje kusukela kwezakhi ephakeme ka abantukazana ayivunyelwe amandla akazange iqhaza okhethweni.

Kwakukhona izinguquko isimiso sokwahlulela. Basuke esihlobene kwekuhlela kabusha ku zemstvos. Izinkantolo manje ngqo abangaphansi isimo, ukwenza izinto obala emihlanganweni kunalokho ngokuqinile kungagcini, kanye ukuvota wethulwa amajaji.

abalimi

Domestic Politika Aleksandra III futhi kwathinta abantukazana. Isimo sabo emva kabusha odumile 1861 kwaba unenviable: ukuntuleka imali kwemhlaba, izikweletu, ukungakwazi ukuhlala kulo msebenzi wakhe - konke lokhu kwenza abantu kokunye ephundlekile ukushiya imizi. Alexander III kwavunyelwana inombolo ngezinqumo ezibangela ukuzinza isimo. Ngakho, abalimi zithethelelwe izikweletu, kunciphise intela ku ukuthengwa komhlaba. Iphinde kudala ekhethekile Abalimi Bank, lapho abantu athathe loans nokulima (amaphesenti wawuphansi).

Ngenxa yalokho, ezolimo kuleli zwe ucala kutfutfukisa, zikhona izikhungo ukuthi ngokukhethekile indlela ethile: (. Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod nabanye) izitshalo zezimboni (Baltic), okusanhlamvu (Ukraine), imfuyo

kabusha lempi

inqubomgomo Domestic kanye Politika angaphandle Aleksandra 3 abangu kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa autocracy kuleli zwe. Abantu abaningi kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga kabusha wezempi.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi u-Alexander ekuqaleni uzilungiselele i-career lempi, wayazi le nto futhi akuqonde. Nakuba wokubusa kwakhe Russia ayizange zalwa, butho umzamo omuhle kakhulu. Zonke izinhlobo izivikelo, entabeni division, ukubaluleka okukhulu wanikwa adaliwe reserve impi, zombili abagibela amahhashi elihamba phansi.

Ukuze ukufunda ngesisekelo lempi izikole eziphakeme ubusosha evulekile amabutho. Amalungiselelo Kwenziwa hhayi kuphela amasosha abasha, wabuye waqeqesha futhi umyalo isakhiwo. Ukuphromothwa ngu ubudala kuphela.

indima Special kwengqalasizinda lempi. Ngakho kukhona ekhethekile ujantshi brigade, okuthiwa ku isidingo ukuletha abasebenzi ukuba lezisekelo zawo.

Enye emisha - imishini yempi. sokuzingela Trilinear iba isikhali esiyinhloko eshintsha umumo (kulungile manje esengeziwe amasosha).

kwekuhlela kabusha kazwelonke

inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 3 aqiniswe futhi ngenxa olukhuni izikhundla zikazwelonke. Umqondo wokuthi uMbuso Russian kuphela Russian, yafika nje emlonyeni Alexander III. Izinqumo eziningi zezombusazwe zisekelwe ngokunembile lo mbono.

UMbusi ithatha izinyathelo sina ukuqinisa ukholo-Orthodox. Ikakhulukazi kule ndaba ayebuthakathaka umngcele izifunda. It iqala ukwakha esebenzayo ye-Orthodox. Ezingeni lombuso sebeqala bacindezele izakhamuzi yenkolelo-non-Orthodox futhi okungezona Russian bezizwe. Iningi "uthole" le nabasePoland nase amaJuda. Umsebenzi Russification eyenziwa e-Ukraine futhi emazweni aseBaltic.

Uhlelo zezimali kanye umkhakha

inqubomgomo Domestic kanye Politika angaphandle Aleksandra 3, esekelwe namaqiniso ukuthi umbusi wathola izwe. Wayengumngane e wukwehla kwezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu wemisebenti lebalulekile ukuthi okudingeka sizilungise kwaba ukuletha izwe aphume tetemnotfo. Kuze kube yimanje, izinguquko emkhakheni wezezimali nezezimboni ukuheha izibalo okuhamba phambili enkathini.

Ngakho, Bunge ezihlongozwayo yokuqeda intela yokuvota, esikhundleni eyalelwa ukuba akhokhe mkhuba emsebenzini utshwala, ugwayi, ushukela namafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa kwesilinganiso sentela endaweni ezifana nokutholakala komhlaba, ezisemadolobheni ingcebo. Ukuze kuncishiswe imali eshodayo kusabelozimali anda nentela.

Njengoba for umkhakha, ke likhula ngesivinini. Ikakhulukazi yokusansimbi echumayo yendwangu kanye ukukhiqizwa imishini. It is kakade asathuthuka izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku umkhiqizo kawoyela. Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela le nkomba, Russia uyaphuma phezu.

Ubonise kafushane lokho izinguquko kwenziwe, u-Alexander 3. sangaphandle nezinqubomgomo zangaphakathi (bheka Ithebula):

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

Ngokuphathelene inqubomgomo angaphandle, akungenxa lutho ukuthi umbusi wabiza "Peacemaker" - ngazo zonke izindlela walusa izwe lakhe kusukela izingxabano zempi. Futhi bakhangwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze izenzo ezinjalo.

Kokubusa kwakhe, wonke uMbuso Russian sathuthela eduze Great Britain France, kodwa emazweni aseBalkan, isikhundla salo siye saba buthaka.

I ngxabano eJalimane ngokobudlelwano nabanye amasiko kwaqina ubudlelwane kwezomnotho.

Ngakho, inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 3 sanikela ekwandeni kwezomnotho, kazwelonke kanye yezimboni yezwe.