Eyokuqala isignali uhlelo - kuyini? Eyokuqala isignali simiso umuntu ngokuvumelana Pavlov

Izwe elisizungezile siyaqonda ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbili: eyokuqala, kodwa isitshengiselo yesibili.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nesimo se-umzimba futhi imvelo bangaphandle kohlelo isignali lokuqala esebenzisa zonke izinzwa yomuntu: touch, emehlweni, ukuhogela, ukuzwa ukunambitheka. Eyesibili, abasebasha, alamu ohlelweni ikuvumela ukuthi izwe ngokusebenzisa inkulumo. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kwenzeka ngesisekelo futhi ngokuhlanganyela kuqala inqubo yentuthuko womuntu nokukhula. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola lokho ohlelweni isignali lokuqala, sibangelwa nemisebenzi kanjani.

Njengoba kwenzeka ku izilwane?

Zonke izilwane angasebenzisa eyodwa kuphela umthombo ulwazi mayelana ngokoqobo ezizungezile futhi shintsha isimo salo, esiwulwazi uhlelo isignali kuqala. izwe Ngaphandle ethulwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kokuba ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo wamakhemikhali nezibulala somzimba, njengokushaya umbala, iphunga, balolonge et al., Khonza amasignali njengoba ekhondishina, isixwayiso umzimba yezinguquko kudingeke zivumelane. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlambi wezinyamazane weqa dozing elangeni, iphunga nomzingeli yokuquba evele Darts off futhi uyabaleka. I umfutho kwaba uphawu bathandaze ingozi.

Ngakho, ngo-izilwane ephakeme kuqala (reflex moya) okuwuphawu uhlelo - kuyinto obugcwele ngaphandle kwezwe, okuvumela ilungelo aphendule izinguquko kanye ukuzivumelanisa nazo. Wonke amasignali wakhe ezihlobene into ethize futhi ukhonkolo. ikhaliphe moya yisisekelo i aphansi isihloko ukwabela isilwane ukucabanga, ezakhiwe lesi simiso ethile.

Isignali wokuqala ohlelweni womuntu usebenza ngendlela efanayo ukuthi we izilwane ephakeme. Hlukanisa kusebenta kwato siyenzeka kuphela izinsana, kwasekuzalweni kwabo kuze engu-izinyanga eziyisithupha, uma ingane endaweni evamile emphakathini. Ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano yesibili uhlelo isignali senziwa enqubeni kanye ngenxa imfundo ekuxhumaneni komphakathi phakathi kwabantu.

Izinhlobo umsebenzi sezinzwa

Man - isidalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, esidlule ekuthuthukisweni kwalo ngokomlando ngokusebenzisa izinguquko eyinkimbinkimbi lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti kokubili yokwakheka bokuphila, ezingokwenyama nezingokwengqondo. Lonke eyinkimbinkimbi izinqubo ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni walo, kwenziwe futhi kulawulwa izinhlelo ukhiye bokuphila - sezinzwa.

Umsebenzi zalesi simiso sehlukaniswe engenhla nengezansi yakhe. Ukuze ukulawula kanye nokuphathwa zonke izibilini izinhlelo zomzimba womuntu sifana okuthiwa umsebenzi sezinzwa aphansi. Hlanganyela izinto futhi izinto engokoqobo esebenzisa izinqubo Neuro-kwengqondo futhi izindlela, ezifana intelligence, bezibona, ukucabanga, ulimi, inkumbulo, ukunakwa, okuthiwa ashiwo ephakeme nomsebenzi kwemizwa (GNI). Lokhu kusebenzelana kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kunomthelela oqonde ngqo lezinto ezihlukahlukene kwi-receptor, isibonelo, sokuzwa noma ezibukwayo, nge ukudluliswa obengeziwe amasignali wathola we isimiso sezinzwa, i-information processing igunya - ubuchopho. Kuyinto lolu hlobo okuwuphawu usosayensi Russian I. P. Pavlovym owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo mkhosi kuqala. Ngenxa wakhe, konke kwenza ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa yesibili uhlelo isignali, ahlukile abantu futhi sihlotshaniswa ezwakalayo (inkulumo) noma izwi ebonakalayo (imithombo lokubhalwako).

Uyini yokuxwayisa?

Kususelwa emibhalweni abadumile Russian physiologist kanye nososayensi I. M. Sechenova reflex umsebenzi ezingxenyeni ephakeme zobuchopho, I. P. Pavlov ithuthukiswe imfundiso yokuziphendukela GNI - umsebenzi ephakeme kwemizwa yomuntu. Njengengxenye yalolu imfundiso ukuthi owasungulwa umqondo wokuthi lesi simiso mkhosi. Basuke aqondwe njengokufaka ukwakha izakhiwo uqweqwe (isocortex) ingqondo moya uxhumano reflex ngenxa pulses ahlukahlukene engenayo esuka imvelo noma zomzimba futhi izinhlelo. Lokho umsebenzi ohlelweni mkhosi lokuqala kuhloswe isicelo ukuthengiselana kohlaziyo and zokwenziwa ukuqaphela amasignali kusuka izitho lemizwa izinto zomhlaba zangaphandle.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukuzuzwa kwelimi kwezenhlalo futhi savela yesibili uhlelo isignali. Nge ukukhula nokuthuthuka psyche wengane kancane kancane ikhono lokuqonda abese kabusha inkulumo njengoba phetho ukuvela ukuhlanganiswa izixhumanisi associative, umsindo noma amagama akhulunywa nge okuvelayo lemizwa izinjongo imvelo bangaphandle.

Izici kohlelo mkhosi lokuqala

Kulesi simiso mkhosi njengoba izindlela kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha kusekelwe embonweni ngokushesha ezizungezile ngokoqobo futhi ephendula izicelo therefrom phakathi nokuxhumana pulses. Eyokuqala isignali uhlelo lomuntu - kuba impendulo ngokhonkolo kuveza lemizwa umthelela receptor phezu ingxenye yezwe.

Okokuqala, kukhona umuzwa emzimbeni kwanoma iyiphi izenzakalo, izindawo noma izinto ziqondakala receptor kwanoma iyiphi into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinzwa. Khona-ke ezizwa ibe ngaphezulu bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi - Umbono. Kwaba ngemva yesibili uhlelo isignali titawusungulwa futhi ithuthukiswe, kungenzeka ukudala ungaboshwa lento ethile amafomu abstract reflection, ezifana imibono kanye imiqondo.

Kwasendaweni mkhosi izinhlelo

Phakathi ukusebenza evamile izinhlelo ezimbili okuwuphawu ayizikhungo letenta ama- cerebral palsy. Reception nokucutshungulwa kolwazi uhlelo mkhosi kuqala inikeza Nenkabazwe kwesokudla. Njengoba ukuqonda futhi sicubungula ukusakaza ulwazi yesibili uhlelo isignali edonsa Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele unesibopho ukucabanga okunengqondo. Eyesibili (ezingaphezu kweyodwa) alamu ohlelweni lokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu ixhomeke ekuthembekeni kwesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kohlelo isignali

Eyesibili, kodwa isitshengiselo lokuqala ngokusho Pavlov sezilungile ukuxhumana njalo futhi oxhumene by umsebenzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesisekelo lokuqala kwavela futhi bahlakulele yesibili uhlelo isignali. Njengoba bevela imvelo kanye ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene umzimba amasignali okuqala e ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kanye amasignali yesibili. Phakathi nokuxhumana okunjalo kuba ukuvela ikhaliphe moya umyalelo ephakeme, okuyinto ukudala obusebenzayo ubuhlobo therebetween. Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa ithuthukiswe ukucabanga izinqubo kanye indlela yezenhlalakahle wokuphila komuntu ngaphezulu athuthukile yesibili uhlelo isignali.

isigaba zentuthuko

Esikhathini inqubo yentuthuko ngabanye ngokwengqondo kwezingane ezizalelwe eside, uhlelo isignali lokuqala luqala ukwakheka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokubelethwa. Lapho eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku 7-10 of, ukwakheka ikhaliphe lokuqala moya. Ngakho, ingane yenza ukunyakaza oncelayo ngezindebe zakhe ngisho nangaphambi wafaka emlonyeni wakhe ingono. ikhaliphe moya ezintweni sokuzwa zingase zimiswe ekuqaleni enyangeni yesibili ekuphileni.

Omdala ingane iba, ngokushesha kakhulu walibumba ikhaliphe ekhondishina. Ukuze bafaneleke grudnichka nyangazonke kwakukhona uxhumano yesikhashana, kubalulekile ukwenza okuningi ezinikezwa nomthelela ezintweni unconditioned futhi moya. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ezintathu ingane kuphela rep ambalwa Udinga ukwakha uxhumano yesikhashana.

Eyesibili ohlelweni isignali iqala ukuthatha ukuma ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-eyodwa futhi eminyakeni nesigamu, lapho nangemva kokuyalwa kaningi yokuqamba lezinto, kanye ukuboniswa yakhe, ingane iqala aphendule izwi. Ezinganeni, kuziwa kuqhame kuphela eminyakeni 6-7.

Ukushintsha izindima

Ngakho, ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa engqondweni nasemzimbeni izingane kulo umuntu esakhula, kukhona ushintsho Ukubaluleka kuqala phakathi kwalezi izinhlelo okuwuphawu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-esikoleni, futhi kuze kube ukuqala ukuthomba, yesibili uhlelo isignali kuziwa ziza kuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubangelwa izinguquko eziphawulekayo hormone bokuphila emzimbeni intsha esikhathini elincane uhlelo mkhosi lokuqala uhola futhi. Ngu esikolweni esiphakemeko, yesibili uhlelo isignali futhi ihola futhi igcina umbono walo ohamba phambili kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, ekuthuthukiseni njalo nokuthuthukisa.

Inani

Eyokuqala isignali uhlelo zabantu, naphezu yokudlanga e abadala lesibili, kubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini womuntu ezifana nemidlalo, ubuciko, imfundo kanye nabasebenzi. Ngaphandle kwayo, bekungeke kube khona ukusebenza umculi umculi, umdlali kanye umsubathi okhokhelwayo.

Naphezu ukufana zalesi simiso kubantu nasezilwaneni, ku mkhosi uhlelo lokuqala umuntu - kuba okuningi isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, njengasezulwini ukuxhumana njalo harmonic yesibili.