I-carbon monoxide

Ngenxa yalokho amandla omlilo akuphelele carbon noma imikhiqizo eyiqukethe, akha i-carbon monoxide (CO) noma i-carbon monoxide. amagama Okunye kwalokhu into enobuthi akuzange kudingeke umbala noma ukuhogela (it kubangelwa hhayi i-carbon monoxide, izinto eziphilayo futhi ukungcola), - carbon oxide (II) noma i-carbon monoxide. inhlanganiso kwayo 0 ° C elilingana 0,00125 g / cm³. At lokushisa lokususa 192 ° C Idlula gaseous esimweni woketshezi, ngesikhathi lokususa 205 ° C - okuqinile. lokushisa Autoignition plus 609 ° C. Oxide kancane oncibilikayo emanzini (0.0026 g e 100 ml), kodwa oncibilikayo chloroform, acetic acid, ETHYL acetate, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, benzene. It has a mass izinyo lomhlathi of 28,0101 g / Mol.

Ngaphezu kwalokho monoxide owaziwa nezinye oxides carbon. Okuvame kakhulu kulezi zicelo yilesi carbon dioxide noma carbon dioxide (CO2), okuyinto kuveza amandla omlilo ngokuphelele carbon (mahhala futhi lesibopho). Kuyinto igesi kungenambala ephethe ukunambitheka kancane omuncu, kodwa hhayi ukuba nephunga. Kuyinto kakhulu oncibilikayo emanzini, kanjalo azakhele CO esidi carbon hydroxide (OH) 2 noma carbonic acid H2CO3. Carbon suboxide (C3O2) iyinhlangano igesi enobuthi ngaphandle umbala, kodwa iphunga ebukhali angafi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kulula polymerize, ekugcineni ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ezingekho oncibilikayo emanzini futhi namabala abomvu, ophuzi noma onsomi. Kukhona nezinye izindawo carbon oxides okuyizinto kancane eyaziwa kahle futhi akheke komugqa noma eyindilinga. Amafomula kulolu chungechunge ziyahlukahluka kusuka C2O2 ukuze C32O8. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona into polymeric, ezifana graphite oxide yalo, i-molecule yakhiwa izakhi C no O futhi nenombolo wama-athomu zingahluka.

I-carbon monoxide etholwe namachibi ngokwengxenye carbon (a Shoestring) I-carbon-mpilo igesi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi ukusebenza somlilo noma yangaphakathi omlilo engine isikhala afakiwe. Ephambi kwezinduna oksijini, i-carbon monoxide nokusha flame blue ukwakha carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (noma amalahle) igesi, okuyinto kabanzi 60s kwekhulu elandulelayo ukukhanyisa zasendlini, bapheke futhi bafudumale, kufakwe ngezithako zawo-10% i-carbon monoxide. Njengoba amandla omlilo of CO, semali ukushisa, igesi esinjalo eyigugu fuel ingxenye. Ezinye izinqubo ubuchwepheshe yesimanje (isib ingulube yensimbi) Namanje ephelezelwa ukwakheka leyavela ezinjalo, ezifana-carbon monoxide. Ngo umthombo we-carbon monoxide odabuka yemvelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kukhona ukusabela photochemical okwenzeka iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva futhi odala mayelana 5 • 1012 kg ngonyaka. Eminye imithombo yemvelo carbon monoxide-mlilo, ukusha kwamahlathi, nezinye izinqubo amandla omlilo.

Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali buka, it is elinesimo monoxide carbon ekunciphiseni izakhiwo nokuthambekela kwalokho ukusabela. Kodwa lokhu kuthambekela ezimbili kukhonjiswa kuphela emazingeni okushisa ephakeme lapho i-carbon monoxide kungenziwa exhunywe ezisansimbi ezithile, chlorine, umoya-mpilo ne-sulfur. I metal isetshenziswa umthamo we ketshezi ngokubeka amalahle ukuze siphinde sithole izinsimbi eziningi oxides. Ekusabeleni chlorine elakhiwe phosgene igesi: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. It is ushevu, elisetshenziswa zamagama organic, kungenziwa kancane kancane ukubola ngamanzi ngokuvumelana kwesibalo yokusabela: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

I-carbon monoxide kungenziwa ngqo enamathiselwe ashisa kuphakame ingcindezi ukuze izinsimbi ezithile ukwakha isizinda carbonyls ukuthi kukhona compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi: Ni (CO) 4, Mo (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 nabanye. I-carbon monoxide (II) kungenziwa wasithukuthelela ammonia ku ekwandeni (thoria ThO2) at 500 ° C kumiswa e-hydrogen cyanide: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

I-carbon monoxide ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu nezilwane. izakhiwo Toxic-carbon monoxide ngenxa yekhono layo ukuze basabela itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka nge-hemoglobin egazini, kanjalo ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokwenza oxygen kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba. Okungukuthi, iza hypoxia hematic hlobo. Uma kungenjalo, ibizwa ngokuthi (ngenxa aphansi i-oksijini umthamo wegazi) igazi. Futhi carbon oxide (II) uhlanganyela ukusabela, kokuphazamisa kwezicubu zomzimba ibhalansi kwamakhemikhali. ubuthi Easy ephelezelwa ikhanda, kokukokoda emathempelini, isiyezi, esifubeni, kanye isifuba esomile, amehlo zamanzi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuhhema ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa, reddening kwesikhumba futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, tachycardia, senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya. Ngo ukozela nokulinganisela amasethi (ngenkathi sigcina ngiqaphele) motor nokukhubazeka. ubuthi Sinzima libhekene izimpawu ezifana abafundi osuke usuvulekile, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, Ukudlikizela, ikhoma, nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula, khulula okungalindelekile of indle kanye nomchamo, isikhumba bluish kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhluleka inhliziyo kanye ukuphefumula.