Olshansky Emangcwabeni ePrague. Osaziwayo wangcwatshwa emathuneni Olshansky

Omunye izinto avakashelwa ePrague - emathuneni Olsany. Itholakala eyesithathu isifunda esiphethe lomuzi. Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi ukhetha uhambo enhlokodolobha Czech, izivakashi ukucacisa - ngabe ingxenye wokuvakashela le ndawo uhlelo hambo. Futhi akumangalisi: kukhona emakhoneni eziningi engaqondakali futhi ongaqondakali, lapho ubuciko amnyama zithandelana hleba ezinkulungwane zabantu wahlala.

A isifo esinzima kakhulu: umlando emathuneni

Umlando kule ndawo has kwaqala Ephakathi. Khona-ke le ndawo kwakungu-idolobhana elise Olshany, wabe esevula ipulazi okuqondene sezindela. Kamuva, iziphathimandla zanquma ukuthatha engadini ezinkulu ngaphansi ngokuhlukaniswa emathuneni. Wenza leso sinqumo ngoba isuke ibangelwa ukuphila ngokwako: phela e 1680 edolobheni wamshaya ubhubhane ezimbi zezinhlupho. Bury abafileyo amangcwaba wakhe, sise LamaRoma Katolika kwakumane yingozi.

I-wave entsha yalolu bhadane umboze ePrague ngo-1715. Raging ukutheleleka wasesusa zonke impilo entsha. indawo yakhe yokugcina yokuphumula eshonile endaweni. Kamuva, ngo-1796, uMbusi UJoseph II wamemezela - emathuneni Olsany kuyinto ukuba uhlale njalo. Lapha, wangcwatshwa abakhileyo izingxenye ezimbili ePrague: Old and New Town. Njengoba abaningi njengoba iminyaka 200, le ndawo yaba yindawo enhle yokusebenza abantu abavamile, futhi nabantu abavelele. Ukuthula kutholakala-Jan Palach, uSophia Tolstaya, Basil Levitsky Arkady Averchenko, nabanye abaningi.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko nemizila izivakashi

Namuhla singaba ukuyibiza Luhambo emathuneni sika avakashelwa ePrague. I emathuneni abantukazana owabhala indaba, emakhoneni olunothile, tombstones Gothic futhi ghost intombazane edabukisayo - yamathuna isimanga.

Olshansky emathuneni kanye lezimanga nge lingakanani. endaweni yayo - 50 ha! Ngokusho imithombo ezisemthethweni, wangcwatshwa lapha ayizinkulungwane 112 abantu: 65 000 amathuna abavamile, 25,000 emathuneni, columbaria eziyisithupha (amasayithi ngezindwangu zokungcwaba urns), inezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili sebefile, amathuna ezingamakhulu amabili, amasonto. Nokho, ngokuvumelana idatha olungekho emthethweni, inani wangcwatshwa imayelana kwezigidi ezimbili. Okungukuthi, e-yamathuna lwabantu abangaphezu kuka bahlala ePrague uqobo namuhla.

uhlelo

Uhlelo, okuvumela ukuzulazula kule ndawo enkulukazi, wabonakala ngo-1835. amasayithi okusha evelayo emathuneni ase eqala ebekwe zesi-Roman. Manje yamathuna yakhiwa amangcwaba 12, kungenzeka ukungena ezinhlangothini ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyinkimbinkimbi emathuneni kuhlanganisa ezimbili nje namanye amakamelo angu-umkhuba wokukhulekela yokuvalelisa. Bobabili eyakhelwe ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka.

Budebuduze ukufa futhi art

Necropolis idume hhayi kuphela isikhala umxhwele, kodwa futhi izikhumbuzo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu amathuna futhi gravestones. Ingxenye enkulu babo kuhlehlela emuva XVIII-XIX eminyaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuthathwa emagugu emasiko yezwe.

Buka zezivakashi edonsela itshe lethuna esibonisa isihlahla ngumbani. Umsebenzi abanamakhono modernist Czech UFrantišek Rous itholakala eduze nomnyango main. Okuningi ingatholakala lapha ukubaza by amakhosi ezifana Ignats Plattser, Vatslav Prahner, UFrantišek Bilek. Imisebenzi e izitayela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela Baroque ukuze Classicism.

Osaziwayo wangcwatshwa emathuneni Olshansky

Uhlu zabantu abadumile abaphumule kwesizathu emathuneni ePrague, eside. Ngokwesibonelo, okunye yazuza Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko. Umfowabo omdala baba ungumuntu odume waseshashalazini kwaba umbhali, intatheli kanye isihambi. Waqala ukushicilela in the 1860s ngasekupheleni, ema-eseyi lakhe kwezobuciko futhi ethnographic abekade "Amanothi we lawobaba", "I-Journal of Europe" kanye nezinye izincwadi. Sekukonke phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yokuba zokudala ukukhanya kwesokunxele Imiqulu ezingaphezu kuka-60 imisebenzi yakhe. Revolution Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko ayikwazanga ukuthatha thutha. Abafile umbhali ePrague - ngo-September 1936.

Ngesikhashana nje kunzima kwezombusazwe Russia ukushiya umbhali Arkady Averchenko, opera umculi Vasily Levitsky, Countess UZandile UTolstoy nezinye abenzi inqubomgomo, isayensi kanye namasiko. Futhi wangcwatshwa emathuneni Olshansky. yamathuna uvikelekile futhi amaCzech namaRomany abadumile. Nazi amathuna imbongi Yozefa Yungmana, uKarel Kramarzha sezombusazwe, umbhali Vaclav Klicpera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wangcwatyelwa and Jan Palach - umfundi owayedalula yena ukuzithiba immolation. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1969. Ngakho insizwa waphikisana engekho emthethweni ngenkathi yokubusa Soviet.

Ukubeka emangcwabeni futhi kwezempi. Ezweni amanga umzimba efanayo abameleli abane ngesikhathi esisodwa amabutho Russia - Red, emhlophe, Imperial futhi Liberation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nazi amathuna labo abafa ngesikhathi salezi izimpi ngokumelene Napoleon wawa ngesikhathi sezimpi zomhlaba elwa.

Umengameli wokuqala Carpatho-Ukraine Augustin Voloshin futhi isekelwe esikweni lasendulo impela kule emathuneni ePrague. umsebenzi Political waqala ngo-1919. Wasungula umKristu kwesokudla Yabantu Party, owayehola kusukela ngo-1923 kuya ku-1939. Phela, it is ukuthi Voloshin eyaziwa nabo uhulumeni iJalimane lamaNazi. Yena wazinikela ukuba indima uMongameli e-Ukraine, ngaleso sikhathi ilawulwa amaJalimane. Augustine Voloshin wafa e Moscow, Butyrskaya.

Grave of KAFKA

Necropolis inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Omunye wemboni eyabelwa mayelana nokulahla Czech, kwesibili - izakhamuzi Orthodox, futhi amaJuda ethuneni kukhona olwesithathu. Lapha ngenhlanhla wangcwatshwa Franz KAFKA. ethuneni lakhe isendaweni isiqinti 21, udinga nje nihamba odongeni ukuthola wakhe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba KAFKA wabhala ngesiJalimane, yena wayeyindodana ePrague kweqiniso. Wayehlala inhlokodolobha Czech, futhi ngokuvamile ngamvakashela kaningi bashushiswa. Engxenyeni enkulu yokuphila kwakhe Franz KAFKA wachitha Awukude Old Town Square: lapha ekhula, wafundiswa, wasebenza, wahlangana nabangane.

Umngcwabo e emkhubeni Orthodox

izibalo KWEMASIKO osopolitiki base bethuthele ePrague emva kwempi bangcwatshwa kwezinye izindawo, kuhambisana yonke imicikilisho Orthodox. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sesonto lobu-Orthodox lamiswao lapha!

Ukubukeka esigabeni Orthodox of emathuneni wasiza Archpriest UNikolai Ryzhikov. WayeyiZwi li yeSonto St Nicholas, sise Old Town Square. Kamuva UNikolai Ryzhikov baphakamisa izimali ukwakhiwa yesonto. Nokho, lo mbono yashiywa dengwane. Re ukhuluma ngani ke ngo-1923 - ke emathuneni e Prague saphela ukubamba inqwaba amathuna. Ikholi ukuze bathole usizo ekuzikhuliseni izimali basabela eziningi abantu negalelo elikhulu kubantu Serbian, hhayi eceleni futhi kwaba ungqongqoshe lokuqala prime yeCzechoslovakia Karel Kramář. Ngokuvamile, kwathi imali eqoqwe kuyoba okwanele nje ukuba indlwana encane, kanye esontweni! Sasisebenza ukudalwa abantu abahlukahlukene - ngamandla nangolwazi, izakhamuzi ezivamile. Basebenza mahhala, ukudala nje umfundisi weSonto kweNyuka, kodwa uphawu yobumbano ukubonga abaseRussia labo owamukela nabo ezweni esingalazi. Church of kweNyuka yoBongekayo iNcasakazi uMariya kuhambisana izisusa Pskov futhi Novgorod izakhiwo lasendulo. Kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukuze bonke abantu Russian, owashona ngo ezweni esingalazi. I wesigodlo lokuqala ethempelini baba Bishop Sergei Korolev.

sad intombazane

Usuku Olshansky emathuneni egcwele izivakashi ebusuku njengoba yamathuna, kanye bonke abanye, bethule eyihlane. Akukho inhlokomo, izivakashi noma izakhamuzi ayibukeki lapha ngemva kokushona kwelanga. amakhefu Phumula wangcwatshwa intombazane edabukisayo kuphela: bathi kakhulu ebusuku lwenyanga enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, kubonakala sengathi esikhathini ingxenye omdala emathuneni - endaweni Kwande. Abazibonele ukuchaza kanje: eside egeleza izinwele ezimnyama, ugqoke njengomuntu indelakazi. Yena noma esho okuthile, noma ukucula ingoma edabukisayo. Labo babe wake wezwa wakhe bathi phambi kwaleli Welling melody nge izinyembezi, inhliziyo yami igcwaliswe nokudabuka Amazing. Labo wakwazi usibuka sale ntombazanyana sad, bathi - umuntu kungokwalabo umuntu oye eyaziwa futhi olubuhlungu nenjabulo enkulu.

Le ntombazane kancane uhamba ngaphesheya emathuneni ebusuku, eguqa phezu tombstones balabo abafa kusukela lesi sifo. Wakhe ukububula ngokulambisa ezwakalayo izinyathelo sengiprofethile izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana umoya. I ethambile, sibalo cishe esobala ehuquzelayo phakathi ukubaza kanye tombstones. Njalo, wathuthela endaweni efanayo - ethuneni Olshanskys. Bathi wangcwatshwa lover wakhe.

Indlela ukuya emathuneni ePrague?

Kusukela maphakathi nedolobha kuze yamathuna amakhilomitha amathathu kuphela. Olshansky emathuneni sise Vinohradská 1835/153. Indlela elula kunazo ukuhamba ngosizo Esiteshini ePrague - udinga ukuya esiteshini Flora. Labo abafuna ujabulele ukubukwa endleleni zomuzi, kufanele ukhethe tram inombolo 5, 10, 13, 51. Ukuze afinyelele ezidingekayo ukumisa Olšanské hřbitovy.