USuku International of Izithulu

Minyaka yonke ngeSonto lokugcina lwenyanga yokuqala ekwindla lugujwa emhlabeni wonke eholidini - Usuku Izithulu, sivunyiwe ngo-1951 maqondana nokusungulwa kwe-International Association of abayizithulu-mutes. Manje lugujwa minyaka yonke ngoSepthemba 27-29.

Ngokwezibalo, wonke umuntu wesishiyagalolunye Emhlabeni has kunzima ukuzwa. Izimbangela lesi sifo awafani: nemiphumela lesi sifo, izingozi, kombungu esizalweni. Emhlabeni wonke, kukhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-30 yisithulu yisimungulu ngaphakathi phelele neRussia ebangela u-40%, 5% wabo - izingane abangazange sebethole yobudala. Inani elikhulu labantu bahlanganiswe inkinga evamile, lelisu umqondo ukuchaza uSuku International of Izithulu.

Umlando omphakathi abayizithulu ngamazwe kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-18 eFrance.

Izindlela zokufundisa Charles Michel Charles-Michel de L'épée

Ngesikhathi impande Deaf Association kutihlanganisa abathweswe iziqu kulesi Paris Institute yezithulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Thanda izikole eziningi, lokhu esikoleni wadalwa umpristi, okungukuthi Abbe Charles Michel Charles-Michel de L'épée. Akazange nje wadala esikoleni kuqala ezikhethekile emhlabeni izithulu, kodwa futhi kuyinto umsunguli lwenhlonipho pedagogy, esekelwe imisebenzi zefilosofi European Diderot futhi J. Comenius.

Theory yayihlanganisa nokusebenzisa inkulumo ezihlukahlukene kusho: ngamazwi (ngokubhala nekukhuluma) nangezenzo (olimi lwezandla) izindlela. Lesi sakamuva nguye oyinhloko. Ngakho-ke yasungulwa izindlela ukulingisa yokufundisa, kamuva elaba ngendlela yokuxhumana ye abayizithulu-mutes.

iziphetho zabo Charles Charles-Michel de L'épée evezwe emibhalweni "Ezemfundo abayizithulu ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu amasu" futhi "Indlela yokufundisa yisithulu yisimungulu ngaphakathi phelele kuqinisekiswa nakho kuyiqiniso."

Izithulu Usuku e France

Inkosi yakwa-France imisebenzi yompristi sivunyiwe nokusekelwa ngokwezimali enikeziwe esikoleni, okuyinto baziwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa usizo kwakunganele, kanye wesigodlo kwadingeka achithe yonke imali yabo ukuze kugcinwe lesikhungo okwagcina zonakale kuye.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ababethweswa iziqu Institute of izithulu Paris lugujwa minyaka yonke usuku lokuzalwa Charles-Michel Charles-Michel de L'épée in ukugubha kwakhe waba isiko. Libuye libe uhlobo usuku Izithulu eFrance.

Kamuva, e-France, kwakukhona eminye izikhungo ezintathu ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa yizithulu umuntu - Bordeaux, Metz, Chambery naseParis khona kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukukhululwa Izithulu eFrance ngo wodwana, kubo akukho ubuhlobo obukhethekile - abayikho evamile yokuphila evamile.

ngemvume ulimi

ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane 2.5 ezikhona emhlabeni. Kodwa ulimi ukubukeka komzimba nezitho zomzimba - yezindlela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu yokuxhumana. Umhlaba Federation of Izithulu ohlelweni weminyaka engu-50 ukuthinta lakhiwe - zhestuno. Isidingo salokhu ulimi uye savela ukuba inkonzo izenzakalo ezifana congresses, symposia, izingqungquthela, imincintiswano.

Esikhathini isichazamazwi sokuqala, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1965, libhalwa amathathu namashumi ukunyakaza komzimba nezimpawu ezithile kumagazini ka-1975 - 1500.

Zhestuno kwakungelona ulimi ekahle futhi kwadingeka eziningi amaphutha:

• zazingekho imithetho yolimi;
• ukuthinta, kwakunzima ukusebenzisa umongo;
• ukubeka isisekelo izilimi 4 kuphela - British, isiNtaliyane, American futhi Russian.

Ngemva kwalokho, kwadingeka ukuba ukuvela ulimi, ukwazi ukusebenza emhlabeni lezi zinkinga. Futhi kube khona ukuxhumana Gestural ngamazwe ukuthi uye savela ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle ucwaningo yokufakelwa kokungenela. Lolu hlelo avunyelwe izithulu ukuxhumana ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ukuphuza abayizithulu eRussia basenza

Namuhla e-Russia Okwezwe Izithulu Day nalo kugujwa, kodwa bambalwa bayazi ukuthi isikole sokuqala Russian ngoba ngezandla lamiswa ngo 1802 ngesikhathi u-Alexander I. Uma ukhololo ukulingana semfundo ephakeme kuqala imfundo abantu abayizithulu bazi uNkulunkulu ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-European yayisekelwe.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e Moscow kwakukhona kuqala hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa e-Europe njengoba enkulisa izingane eziyizithulu. Nakuba izikhungo zokuqeqesha izingane pre-school yayiminingi olulodwa. imfundo Special isungule ohlelweni futhi kwathuthukiswa kwaze kwaba kuphela eminyakeni engu-30-yalolucwaningo. ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Kusukela 90s maphakathi. Ekhulwini lama-20 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-84 ezikoleni zezithulu (nge wabhaliswa abantu 11 500), izikole 76 ekuqulweni kwecala, kodwa ababuthakathaka (wabhaliswa abantu 10 000 kuzo). Okwamanje, inani zemfundo ezikhethekile, lapho yokufundisa abafundisi abafaneleka liye landa kakhulu. Futhi ngoSuku loMhlaba Jikelele we Izithulu kulezi izikhungo zemfundo ingenye ngamaholide ezinkulu.

Kubazali izingane nezinkinga ukuzwa izindawo zemihlangano emadolobheni amakhulu Russian (eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, eYekaterinburg) nethuba ukuhlela ingane yabo ukufunda ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zemfundo, kanye nezindawo ukuhambela idatha nsuku zifane nsuku zonke. ongezwa kusukela ekuzalweni abawanakekelayo nokulawula isimo wathatha e kwamaSoviet. Wenza yakhiwe kahle kuloluhlelo lwemfundo: ekuqaleni enkulisa, waqhubeka esikoleni ofunda uhlala kuso, khona-ke esikoleni esiphakeme futhi sokufundela school.

Izithulu Izingane Learning System

Uhlelo inakekelwa namuhla. Gardens bayakwazi ukuthatha izingane ezineminyaka engu-1.5. Emadolobheni, lapho azikho ekhethekile. izindawo izingane eziyizithulu wavula amaqembu ekhethekile izikhungo abavamile zemfundo. Izingane ufunde nje kuphela ukufunda imibhalo, ingashintshwa ukuze ikhono lazo ukubhala, ukuxhumana usebenzisa daktilnoy alfabhethi, kodwa futhi ukulungisa bezibona wengane zomhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa yayo "Mina". Play nabo, ahlele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene zokuzithokozisa. Kubandakanya Izithulu kugujwa uSuku ngonyaka. Ezinganeni, lena iholide real ngempela.

Zonke-Russian Society of Izithulu (VOG)

Zonke-Russia umphakathi wabantu kanye ukungakhuli ukuzwa, kwakheka ngo-1926, ukhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Izithulu zenziwe nomphakathi owodwa omkhulu, kukhona kakade ezingaphezu kuka-90 000.

Njengengxenye Zonke-Russian Society of Izithulu 76 lesifunda kanye namahhovisi wendawo mayelana 900 ukuthi ukukhonza izakhamuzi abayizithulu abahlala endaweni WaseRussia.

Le nkampani ihlanganisa abangaphezu kuka-340 izikhungo amasiko (kokubili lesifunda kanye ezingeni lendawo), eMoscow ulingisa futhi Ukuthayipha Theatre, ukuvuselelwa izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye FOG

Ukuvikela amalungelo kanye ngcono izinga lempilo kubantu abayizithulu - lawa wemisebenti lebalulekile FOG. The Inkampani ngenkuthalo ibambisane izakhiwo isimo amandla futhi ngenxa yalokho - uhlu olusha federal ukuvuselelwa izinyathelo, kanye imishini kanye namasevisi anikezwa abantu abakhubazekile ngeyokuzwa nezinsiza khulula, omakhalekhukhwini ekhethekile, ama-fax, alamu, ama-TV, ulimi lwezandla amasevisi incazelo, njll .

Omunye wemisebenzi ye FOG - ukwazisa umphakathi mayelana nokuphila kwabantu abakhubazekile, izinkinga zabo, indlela yokuxazulula. Komphakathi-ngamakhasimende indlela kulowo mkhosi ezweni lethu izenzakalo ezifana Day International Izithulu - kuyingxenye sokunconywa yabo.

ukwamukelwa Legislative ulimi lwezandla ukuze WaseRussia

Hhayi ngaphandle VOG asebenzayo iqhaza waseRussia emthethweni evunyiwe ulimi lwezandla ekupheleni 2012, kanye nezinguquko Wagunyaza uMthetho Federal 181 "Ngo zokuvikeleka komphakathi invalids ku Russian Federation", ucacisa ukuthi kwakungenzeka isimo ulimi lwezandla ukuze umbhalo Russian, alichaze ngokuthi ulimi yokuxhumana uma kukhona izinkinga kanye ukuzwa kanye / noma inkulumo. Ngokusho mthetho ukulungiswa state-of-ukuzwa imfundo iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze ngayo izincwadi ekhethekile, iziqondiso kanye nezinye izincwadi zemfundo, kanye lolimi lwezandla notolika amasevisi.

Ngeshwa, empeleni, umthetho ayisetshenziselwa lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako: amaphesenti ayikhulu. Njengamanje kukhona kuphela basishintsha isimo sabo ukuze ulimi lwezandla, kodwa futhi abahumushi, futhi abafundisi abafaneleka akwanele. Kunethemba lokuthi maduze isimo zizoshintsha. Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi kuzothatha esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa. izithuli zizwe, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi! Akumangalisi ukuthi abayizithulu ukuthulisa emlandweni impucuko iphethwe yi- nezinye izitho sezinzwa wokudlulisela imiqondo yabo nemizwa. Abaningi babo abantu oluvelele ngempela futhi abanamakhono.