Emisebeni yangemuva

Isizinda emisebeni - iyona emisebeni ye enemisebe imvelaphi, okuyinto ekhona emhlabeni komuntu futhi engokwemvelo imithombo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umuntu othintekayo unaphakade. Akunakwenzeka ukugwema ngokuphelele ngemisebe. Emhlabeni, ukuphila kwavela futhi ithuthukiswe ngaphansi ngemisebe okuqhubekayo. emisebeni Ingemuva siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo: kwemisebe radionuclides yokufakelwa, okungukuthi, kusukela kumuntu; kwemisebe radionuclides okuyizinto emoyeni, umhlaba sika uqweqwe nezinye izinto imvelo; Isikhala.

I ngemisebe kuyinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lesi sakamuva kubangelwa imithombo ukuthi zitholakala ngaphandle komzimba (phansi futhi isikhala). Radionuclides ukuthi kukhona ngqo emzimbeni womuntu, ukuchayeka yangaphakathi wenziwa. Isizinda emisebeni endaweni ulinganiswa umthamo ukuchayeka.

Ngenxa isikhala umthamo ngemisebe ku millirem amathathu nanhlanu ngonyaka othola iningi labantu kule planethi yethu. Cishe inani elifanayo labantu ivela emithonjeni zemvelo ukuthi kukhona zangaphandle. Ziyakwazi umthamo yangaphakathi kuyinto cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi millirem ngonyaka amathathu nanhlanu ngokwesilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, inani lonke ukuchayeka womuntu ngaphakathi nangaphandle, elisuselwa imithombo yemvelo, kuyinto, ngokwesilinganiso, kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili mrem izinyanga eziyishumi nambili.

imithombo engeziwe emisebeni zibangelwa okubangelwa abantu nokuthi injani indawo ezungeze ke, kuhlanganise radionuclides zemvelo ukuthi kukhona inqwaba ziningi ngokwanele ezikhishwe eMhlabeni izinto zokusetshenziswa for zokwakha, umquba, uwoyela, igesi namalahle, nokunye.

Yokukala emisebeni yangemuva kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyakhandla inqubo. Kulokhu, izingxenye ayingozi kakhulu ukuze uhlale. luhlolo-radiology kuyadingeka kubo bonke abanakekela ngempilo yabo. Lapho yokulinganisa emisebeni yangemuva ukuhlola kwangaphandle gamma-emisebeni emhlabathini; emisebeni ukuqapha izinto ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo ukudla; isilawuli e amasampula akhethiwe kwemfucumfucu yezimboni; izinkuni, metal kanye nemikhiqizo yayo, izinto zokwakha; ukulawula ukuphuza amanzi ezimbonini.

Ionizing emisebeni ibizwa ngokuthi, abangela ukwakheka ion iyimbi futhi nakanjani icala (ionization of imvelo ezungeze) ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.

Ngesikhathi umhlaba iplanethi has ionizing emisebeni basakaza emkhathini. izinto Radioactive ekhona emhlabeni uqweqwe, imisebe cosmic kukhona abathwali ngokwemvelo ionizing emisebeni okwenzeka.

Imithombo ionizing emisebeni kukhona ukuxhumana amadivayisi high voltage akhokhiswe kuyizinhlayiyana accelerators, yokufakelwa isotopes enemisebe, Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, imishini x-ray, njll Ionizing emisebeni kokubili yokufakelwa futhi zemvelo, kungase kube corpuscular futhi kagesi (quantum noma i-albhamu yezithombe).

Bonke babe namandla futhi kungabangela izinguquko izakhiwo begazi amaseli, kungaholela ekufeni.

Isizinda emisebeni ukuhlolela ubungozi olunembile Akubangelwa izinguquko sobala letihambisana yokubhalisa inhloso, kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi ionizing emisebeni akakubangeli. Ngokugcwele ethonyeni emisebeni yangemuva emzimbeni wobuntu ayitholakali. Kasibili ayikwazi lubhekwe yisiphi isamba, kuhlanganise omunye ekhiqizwa emisebeni yangemuva by. Nokho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola umphumela elincane kakhulu (ubungozi) e ngemithamo ongaphakeme.