Yiziphi isitoreji amandla

Nature wanikeza umuntu emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yamandla: ilanga, umoya, emifuleni kanye nabanye. Ububi lezi ugesi wamandla khulula ukungabi ukuzinza. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi amandla ngokweqile lilondolozwe isitoreji yayo futhi kudle ngezikhathi ukwehla yesikhashana. isitoreji amandla libhekene nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• ubungako bamandla agcinwe;
• Izinga layo wayenemfuyo, kanye nomthelela;
• amandla adonsela phansi ethize;
• isitoreji amandla nesikhathi;
• ukuthembeka;
• yokukhiqiza kanye nokugcinwa izindleko, kanye nabanye.

Izindlela systematization ngemoto eziningi. Omunye elula kakhulu Ukwahlukaniswa uhlobo amandla asetshenziswa isitoreji, futhi indlela yokugcina yayo futhi ukubuya. amadivaysi isitoreji amandla zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo esemqoka:

• ngemishini;
• ezishisayo;
• kagesi;
• amakhemikhali.

Ukuthola amandla ezingaba

Ingqikithi yalezi amadivaysi ezingeyona inkimbinkimbi. Lapho ephakamisa olwenzeka umthwalo amandla ezingaba, wenza umsebenzi usizo lapho ukwehlisa ke. Design izici axhomeke uhlobo imoto. Kungenzeka okuqinile, uketshezi noma particulate izidakamizwa. Ngokuvamile, design yalolu hlobo amadivayisi silula, kungakho enokwethenjelwa futhi ukuphila isikhathi eside. egcinwe isitoreji amandla nesikhathi incike UKUQINA izinto futhi ingafinyelela izinkulungwane. Ngeshwa, amadivayisi njenge abe ongaphakeme ethize amandla amandla.

oshayelayo Mechanical energy kinetic

Kulezi amadivayisi, amandla agcinwe kule nhlangano semtimba. Ngokuvamile it is oscillating noma reciprocating ukunyakaza.

I energy kinetic kumasistimu oscillating bagxila kule ezinyakazayo reciprocating zomzimba. Amandla ihlinzekwa futhi kudliwe izingxenye, ngesikhathi ukuhamba umzimba. Mshini kunalokho xaka futhi ezingezwakali sokumisa. Kabanzi amawashi awayindwayo. Inani amandla agcinwe ngokuvamile amancane kuphela kufanelekile ukusebenza idivayisi.

Oshayelayo usebenzisa amandla gyroscope

I stock energy kinetic is bagxila ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza ligijima. Specific ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza amandla kuningi kunokomuntu amandla okulingana umthwalo static. Kungenzeka esikhathini esifushane sitholwa noma amandla okukhipha ezinkulu. isikhathi isitoreji amandla incane, futhi iningi imiklamo kukhawulwe amahora ambalwa. ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukuvumela ukuletha isikhathi isitoreji zamandla izinyanga eziningana. Flywheels kakhulu sensitive uthuthumele ukuphi. Idivayisi amandla ngokulingana ngqo ijubane ukujikeleza yayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-isitoreji amandla futhi ukubuya ushintsho kwenzeka ngesivinini ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza. A umthwalo ngokuvamile kudinga njalo, isivinini esiphansi.

kumadivayisi angeziwe ethembisa kuthiwa supermahovik. Basuke ezenziwe ngensimbi eteyipini, zokwenziwa fibre noma ngocingo. Isakhiwo kungenzeka okuqinile noma ube yindawo engenalutho. Nangabe isikhala Windings etholakalayo we hambisa itheyiphu ngase azungeze okwamanje Ukujikeleza inertia we ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza washintsha, ingxenye amandla agcinwe entwasahlobo ngaphansi ukusonteka. Ngo mishini, ijubane ukujikeleza sizinze kakhulu kunaleso e izakhiwo tselnotelyh, namandla abo ukusetshenziswa iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ephephile.

supermahovik Modern eyenziwe Kevlar zesivikelo sesifuba. Bona uphendukisa egumbini cleaner nge ukumiswa kazibuthe. It uyakwazi ukugcina amandla ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Oshayelayo Mechanical usebenzisa amandla nokunwebeka

Lolu hlobo idivayisi uyakwazi ukugcina ezinkulukazi amandla kwabantu. Kusukela idrayivu mechanical it has amandla okuqukethwe eliphakeme kumadivayisi nge izilinganiso ngamasentimitha ambalwa. flywheels esikhulu ngesivinini kakhulu Ukujikeleza abe okuningi ephakeme energy ukusetshenziswa, kodwa basengozini kakhulu izici zangaphandle, futhi sibe nesikhathi esincane ukugcina amandla.

Oshayelayo Mechanical usebenzisa entwasahlobo amandla

Okwazi ukuhlinzeka elalilikhulu kunawo mechanical bonke amakilasi wesitoreji amandla. It is kungagcini kuphela amandla umkhawulo entwasahlobo. Amandla entwasahlobo onomfutho zingagcinwa amashumi eminyaka. Nokho, ngenxa ukusonteka unomphela ukukhathala metal aqoqana kunciphe amandla entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eliphezulu entwasahlobo steel, kuncike kule mibandela yokusebenza ingasebenza amakhulu eminyaka ngaphandle kokulahleka appreciable ngokwesikhundla.

entwasahlobo umsebenzi ongenza iyiphi izakhi nokunwebeka. Rubber bands, isibonelo, izikhathi eziyishumi aphakeme imikhiqizo steel eneji egcinwe per unit mass. Kodwa leli gama iraba inkonzo ngenxa yokuguga kumakhemikhali babeneminyaka embalwa kuphela.

oshayelayo Mechanical, usebenzisa amandla we igesi onomfutho

Kulesi hlobo idivayisi yokulondoloza amandla kungenxa igesi kokucindezelwa. Ephambi kwezinduna ngokweqile amandla yi-gas compressor ngaphansi kwengcindezi is injected ibhaluni. Njengoba kudingeka, igesi onomfutho isetshenziswa ukushayela ophephela noma generator. Ngezinye amandla ongaphakeme samanzi kumele kusetshenziswe esikhundleni injini piston. Le gesi e isitsha ingcindezi amakhulu eziphindwe has a high ethize amandla kwabantu iminyaka eminingi, futhi khona eliphezulu valve - futhi amashumi eminyaka.

Ukuthola energy ezishisayo

Iningi insimu yezwe lethu itholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngakho bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli amandla kudliwe amalahle ngaphakathi. Kule ndaba njalo kufanele ukuxazulula inkinga nokugcina efudumele idrayivu nokususa isuka lapho uma kunesidingo.

Ezimweni eziningi, ngeke ukwazi sifinyelele high density we energy ezishisayo agcinwe, neminye imigomo abalulekile ukulondolozwa kwalo. Kukhona kudivayisi eliphumelelayo eziningi izici zayo futhi amanani aphezulu ayifanele ukusetshenziswa yiningi.

Ukuthola ngezithukuthuku amandla ukushisa

Lena enye yezindlela endala. Kusekelwe isimiso ezishisayo isitoreji impahla amandla lapho evuthayo bese ubuyela ukushisa ngesikhathi indlu yayo. Umklamo lezi ngemoto Kulula kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, mhlawumbe bangamaJuda iyiphi ucezu okuqinile noma esitsheni ovaliwe kokupholisayo ketshezi. ezishisayo amandla ezitolo abe nokuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, inombolo cishe angenamkhawulo isitoreji amandla futhi ukubuya imijikelezo. Kodwa isikhathi isitoreji ingeqi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuthola amandla kagesi

amandla kagesi - lena ifomu elula kakhulu ke ezweni lanamuhla. Yingakho ngemoto kagesi kukhona esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi amaningi asethuthukile. Ngeshwa, amadivaysi ezishibhile capacitance ethize incane, futhi amadivayisi nge umthamo othize eziphakeme ezibizayo futhi ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Lokugcina energy kagesi - kuyinto capacitors, supercapacitors, amabhethri.

capacitors

Kuyinto uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu wesitoreji amandla. Capacitors labo abazokwazi ukusebenza lokushisa kusuka -50 kuya +150. Isibalo ne-energy storage-ukufinyela umjikelezo - achitha izinkulungwane zezigidi ngomzuzwana. Ixhuma capacitors eziningana parallel, ungakwazi kalula uthole edingekayo umthamo ukubaluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona capacitors onhlobonhlobo. Ukushintsha capacitance ka capacitors ezinjalo zingenziwa athutha noma kagesi, noma ithonya lokushisa. Ngokuvamile capacitors variable ingatholakala circuit resonant.

Capacitors zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili - i-elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye non-polar. Esaphila polar (electrolytic) esingaphansi nonpolar, bancike okwengeziwe izimo zangaphandle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ube capacitance ephakeme ethize.

Njengoba isitoreji amandla capacitors - amathuluzi asiphumelelanga kakhulu. Sinenkosi amandla amancane kwabantu ezincane ezithile amandla agcinwe futhi sekuyisikhathi isitoreji kukalwa ngemizuzwana, amaminithi, amahora akuvamile. Capacitors bathole isicelo ngokuyinhloko electronics amandla kanye nobunjiniyela bukagesi.

Ukubalwa capacitor, njengoba umthetho, akakubangeli nobunzima. Lonke ulwazi oludingekayo on ezahlukene capacitors enikeziwe e wabahlinzeki lobuchwepheshe.

ionistory

Lezi amadivayisi hlala isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi capacitors polar namabhethri. "Supercapacitors" ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi. Ngakho, banayo lenqwaba kwenkokhiso uze uphele du esiteji, amandla mkhulu kunaleyo capacitor, kodwa kancane kancane kunalokho amabhethri ezincane. ne-energy storage isikhathi - amasonto amaningana. Ionistory kakhulu sensitive lokushisa.

amandla amabhethri

amabhethri electrochemical asetshenziswa uma ufuna ukugcina amandla amaningi. Kuyinto kangcono le njongo nomthofu-acid amadivaysi. Bakhandwa yasungulwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-150 edlule. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-idivayisi ibhethri engalethi noma yini entsha. Kube eziningi onobuhle ezikhethekile, izinga izingxenye, ngcono ukuthembeka ibhethri kakhulu anda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi idivayisi ibhethri, adalwe abakhiqizi letehlukene tekufundza ngetinhloso letehlukene kuhluke kuphela imininingwane emincane.

amabhethri electrochemical zihlukaniswa le traction futhi kuyaqala. Yokudonsa isetshenziswa ezokuthutha kagesi, uninterruptible amandla kagesi, ugesi. Ukuze amabhethri ezinjalo zinezikhathi osenyameni eside futhi umfaniswano ukujula yayo enkulu. amabhethri Ukuqala anganika zamanje okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa ukudedelwa ngokujulile kubo kungamukeleki.

amabhethri electrochemical abe inani elilinganiselwe kwenkokhiso uze uphele du imijikelezo, ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela 250 kuya 2000. Ngisho noma kungekho msebenzi behluleka ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. amabhethri electrochemical bayayiqaphela lokushisa, zidinga isikhathi eside ukushaja umkhosi okuqinile imithetho wokusebenza.

Idivayisi kufanele iqalwe agcwalisiwe njalo. Icala battery efakwe kwi imoto, it ikhiqizwa ukushayela generator. Ebusika, lokhu akwanele, ibhethri abandayo kubi owabelwe futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuqaleni ukwanda injini. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ukuqhuba eminye Ukushaja ibhethri endlini efudumele ishaja ekhethekile. Omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki enkulu amayunithi nomthofu-acid isisindo kwabo okukhulu.

Amabhethri amadivayisi ephansi amandla

Uma kudingeka kumadivayisi eselula ezinesisindo ezincane, ekhethiwe zinhlobo ezilandelayo amabhethri elishajekayo kukhona nickel-cadmium, lithium ion, hybrid metal, polymer-ionic. Banezinhliziyo umthamo ephakeme esithile ngokuqondile, kodwa intengo iphezulu kakhulu. Zisetshenziswa mobile phones, ama-laptops, amakhamera kanye namanye amadivayisi ezincane. Imihlobo ehlukeneko amabhethri kuhluke imingcele yabo: inombolo ngaphandle kwenkokhiso imijikelezo, eshalofini yokuphila, umthamo, usayizi, njll ...

Lithium-ion asetshenziswa ephezulu amandla kagesi kanye izimoto hybrid. Ziyakwazi engasindi, high capacitance ethize futhi enokwethenjelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lithium-ion kukhona inflammable kakhulu. Ignition singenzeka ngu Ukunciphisa isekhethi, ukusonteka mechanical noma ukubhujiswa umzimba, iziyaluyalu imodi kwenkokhiso noma khulula battery. Kunalokho nzima wokukucima umlilo ngenxa yomsebenzi eliphezulu lithium.

Amabhethri asisekelo kumadivayisi amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, isitoreji amandla ngoba ifoni - compact battery pack zangaphandle, ukuvalelwa izintaba, amanzi. It ikuvumela ukuba ukushaja noma amandla umakhalekhukhwini. Inamandla kumadivayisi eselula isitoreji amandla bayakwazi ukushaja zonke amakhamera digital, ngisho laptops. Ngo mishini, amasethi, ngokuvamile lithium ion obunamandla. isitoreji amandla ekhaya futhi ukwenza ngaphandle amabhethri. Kodwa kuyinto kumadivayisi okuningi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ibhethri ukubunjwa yabo kuhlanganisa ishaja nebhethri, uhlelo lokulawula, i inverter. Amadivayisi ongasebenza njengoba inethiwekhi unomphela, kanye kweminye imithombo. Amandla okukhipha phakathi 5 kW.

Nokubaliwe amandla amakhemikhali

Hlukanisa "fuel" futhi "ngaphandle nophethiloli" izinhlobo oshayelayo. Zidinga amasu ekhethekile futhi ngokuvamile nzima imishini zobuchwepheshe. izinqubo ezisetshenzisiwe avumele ukuthola amandla ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Ukusabela thermochemical kungathatha indawo kokubili ngesikhathi ongaphakeme futhi ashisa kakhulu. Izingxenye ephezulu lokushisa ukusabela yethulwa kuphela uma kunesidingo ukuthola amandla. Ngaphambi kwalokho, basuke egcinwe eceleni ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izingxenye for aphansi-lokushisa ukusabela ngokuvamile esitsheni esisodwa.

isitoreji Energy fuel yokusebenza isikhathi

Le ndlela ihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili ezimele ngokuphelele: isitoreji amandla ( "ukushaja") kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo ( "zichithe"). fuel Traditional ngokuvamile has a high ethize amandla amandla, kungenzeka isitoreji yesikhathi eside, lula ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa ukuphila akemi namanje. Ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ubeka ingcindezi eliphezulu uphethiloli. Inkinga isixazululekile ngokwenza ngcono ekhona nokudala entsha, ephezulu amandla zokubasa.

isingeniso Wide imifanekiso entsha sibambekile ngokungabi izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, imfucuza, umlilo kanye nokuqhuma izingozi ezinkulu emsebenzini, isidingo abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, izindleko aphezulu ubuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle fuel chemical-energy storage

Kuleli fomu drive amandla lilondolozwe ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa ezithile ikhemikhali nezinye. Ngokwesibonelo, lime slaked ngesikhathi Ukushisa kuba isimo quicklime. Lapho "akhishwe" amandla agcinwe ikhishwe njengoba ukushisa kanye negesi. Yilokho okwenzeka lapho lime slaking amanzi. Ukuqala ukusabela, ngokuvamile okwanele ukuxhuma izingxenye. Empeleni, le ndlela yokusabela thermochemical uthatha kuphela ngiyibeke ezingeni lokushisa amakhulu ezinkulungwane degrees. Ngakho-ke, imishini esetshenziswa luyindida kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.