Isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo

Isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo kunqunywa abalobi ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho, izindlela ezingafani ezisetshenziswa ziyabonakala ngemisebenzi Comté, Osipova, Sorokin, Durkheim nabanye.

Ngokwesibonelo, Sorokin isigaba izimfundiso jikelele okwethulwa yencazelo ifomu noma into nezenhlalakahle umphakathi, incazelo izici zako ezisemqoka, ukuhlaziywa inqubo nokuxhumana. Isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo, ngokombono wakhe, futhi ihlanganisa incazelo izinkomba yesimanje theory kanye nezimfundiso izindlela kwabantu.

Uhlelo Sorokin futhi wakhetha njengoba isakhi inqubomgomo esesidlangalaleni, zofuzo kanye Mechanics.

Mechanics Social Waqamba cwaningo lwamaphethini, okuyinto ziyabonakala ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile.

zofuzo Social isifundo esiphathelene ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka kokubili umphakathi kanye nezikhungo zayo: umndeni, ulimi, inkolo, ubuciko, umthetho, umnotho kanye nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxenye ukuhlola izitayela main zomlando ukuthi ziyaphuma inkambo yomlando ekukhuleni komphakathi kanye nezikhungo zayo.

inqubomgomo komphakathi isitatimende yezindlela, inkomba izindlela ngawo kungenzeka ngisho kudingekile yokuthuthukisa ukuphila emphakathini.

I sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Russian owaziwa Osipova, isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo uvezwa kancane ehlukile. Ikakhulu, kuhlanganisa izifundo imikhakha eyahlukene kanye nomphakathi. Kwakamuva amelela amasu, izindlela, izibalo, izibalo. Lesi simiso sihlanganisa legatsha kwabantu, izinqubo nomphakathi.

Esinye isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu kulelo owaziwa Russian Ushevu uzwakalise emibhalweni yakhe umbono ukuhluka. Ngakho, ulwazi lwezenhlalo isakhiwo, eyayisikisela ukuthi kufanelekile kakhulu futhi esebenzayo zemiraro lwezenhlalo.

Ngakho, Ushevu ngamnyama umqondo jikelele, imfundiso ekhethekile isicelo isiqondiso, kuhlanganise ubuchwepheshe kanye indlela yocwaningo.

kwabantu Jikelele, ngokuvumelana ubuthi kugxile sphere cwaningo umphakathi lomkhuba noma inqubo ejwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe umkhuba. endaweni Isicelo ngokukhethekile ekutadisheni, amaqembu ethile. Ubuchwepheshe yokuhlabelela isifundo kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela, amasu kanye nobuchwepheshe practice.

Contemporary Sociology ethulwa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziyinkimbinkimbi lokuhweba, izinhlobo ulwazi, oxhumene nomunye. I ngokwesiko ihlukaniswe okulandelayo njengoba izakhi zawo:

1. macrosociology theory. Lokhu umkhakha kusekelwe ethile umqondo zenhlalakahle kanye nefilosofi.
2. Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma esekelwe imiqondo isicelo esetshenziswa ekutadisheni elilodwa noma kwenye subsystem emphakathini.
3. Microsociology lusekelwe olwazini enokwehla.

Ngokusho macrosociological eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma, izenzakalo futhi izinqubo emphakathini ungafunda, baqonde nasemphakathini wonkana. Lezi zinkolelo-mbono ukugxila ekutadisheni kwenkondlo sphere ethile yomsebenzi womuntu. Bafunda izinhlobo imiphakathi kwezenhlalo, kwenkululeko okusobala (ukuziphatha, ugqozi, izimo zengqondo zabantu nomphakathi zokuxhumana, njll). imibono enjalo imane, ngokukhethekile, faka interactionism ongokomfanekiso ka Mead, entnometodologiyu Garfinkel, ithiyori Homans 'zokwenana nalo kwabanye.

Isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo kuhlanganisa izimiso methodological nefilosofi. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa emfundisweni kuncike (noma othile legatsha isayensi emphakathini), ulwazi izindlela, ukuthuthukiswa namasu isicelo. Phakathi izimiso futhi ukuhlukanisa isifundiso ulwazi lwezenhlalo, amazinga ayo, izinhlobo kanye namafomu, kanye mayelana nenqubo yocwaningo, imisebenzi kanye nesakhiwo.