River Paraná: umthombo kanye nohlobo ukugeleza

Paraná iyona mfula ongowesibili eNingizimu Melika. Ngokusho le nkomba, kuba yesibili kuphela Amazon. Lokho-ke kancane wakha umngcele lamazwe amathathu, Argentina, eBrazil futhi Paraguay. A incazelo enemininingwane eMfuleni Parana is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko ngezansi.

Umsuka kwegama

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana igama lo mfula. Ethandwa kakhulu sazo "umfula, zizinkulu kolwandle." Enye igama owaziwa kwaba "umfula zokungajabuli." Omunye lasendulo nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele baye wawuqamba ngakho ngenxa Izimpophoma eziningi yeziyaluyalu. Kaningi ungathola igama "Umama kolwandle" idatha zomlando. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe yokuthi ezilandelayo: noma yini egameni ukugeleza kwamanzi kusuka isizwe Ikakhulu, noma kunjalo kugcizelela isimo esibi Parana River, izikhwepha zayo kanye ezibaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu.

ukutholakala

Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba evulekile isihambi eSpain ngegama Juan Diaz de Solis. Waba European wokuqala owavakashela umlomo wakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1515. iminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamuva, ngavakashela Magellan. Ngo-1526, C. Cabot kahle izici of isimo sezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba ummeleli wokuqala Yurophu abakhuluma wakwazi ukuthola emlonyeni.

isikhundla ezindawo

Umthombo eMfuleni Parana Itholakala Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli Highlands Brazilian, kuyilapho umlomo wawo isendaweni Atlantic coast, eGulf of La Plata. Ubude ingqikithi lo mfula kuyinto 4380 amakhilomitha. Njengoba for endaweni pool, kuba elilingana 4.250 amakhilomitha square. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, umuntu mfula othinta Insimu uthi amathathu, amelela Umkhawulo wabo ngokwengxenye zemvelo. Ukuze ukugeleza engenhla libhekene Rapids okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha kukhona nezimpophoma.

Ukudlula

Parana kuthatha ivelaphi eBrazil. Lakhiwa confluence imifula Rio Grande futhi Paranaiba. Kusukela leli phuzu ukugeleza kwamanzi liyasondela Paraguay edolobheni flip del Guairá. Isetshenziswa ukuba impophoma kwegama elifanayo, obude ifinyelela 33 amamitha. Nokho, ngo-1982, "Itaipu" lakhiwa endaweni yayo edamini emifula, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto kunakho konke okwake emhlabeni. Endaweni efanayo Brazil eliseduze komngcele Paraguay. Ngemva kwalokho, isiqondiso emfuleni Parana ujikela ngaseningizimu, futhi kamuva - uma uya entshonalanga. Lokhu iqhubeka 820 amakhilomitha. Kule ndawo ngobukhulu esakhiwe HPP. Ibizwa ngokuthi "yacyretá edamini", futhi wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1994. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-project ngokuhlanganyela Argentina-Paraguay.

Ngemva ihlangana ne owumthelela lakhona elikhulu kunawo wonke (umfula Paraguay) Paraná ujikela ngaseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Argentina, ububanzi ifinyelela amakhilomitha amathathu. E Santa Fe isifundazwe ukugeleza kancane kuphambuka ngasempumalanga, bese uya indawo yokugcina. Ubude bayo 500 amakhilomitha. On ke ubunjalo ukugeleza komfula Paraná kungenziwa ngokuthi ethule kakhulu. Ukudlulela Atlantic Ocean mfula uqala iba yingxenye yomhlabathi ku amagatsha eziningi kanye neziteshi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa whose banzi idlula amakhilomitha 60 nobude delta ngaphezulu - 130 km. Ngqo lingena emfuleni Uruguay, kulandele imisinga ezimbili ezinamandla ezidalwe ngomlomo elidume umhlaba wonke ye-Rio de la Plata.

Amanzi umbuso nezici zezulu

Parana River sidla ngokuyinhloko imvula. Isikhathi ezikhukhula enkulu Uthatha January kuya ku-May. Okuchichimayo izimvula zasehlobo ayisibonelo endaweni lapho engxenyeni engenhla umcengezi. Kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-August, okwesibili kukhona gxuma oqinile ezingeni amanzi. Ezingxenyeni eziningi umcengezi ngoba ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso, uwe ukuze abe amamilimitha angu-ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kwezulu. Ngokuvamile ezingeni amanzi kuyinto engalingani. amanzi Lonyaka emifula kuyinto cubic amakhilomitha angaba ngu-480. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu umxhwele inombolo sethulwe Atlantic Ocean inhlabathi. It sifinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-95 ngonyaka. Trace wabo kuyabonakala ibanga amakhilomitha-150 ukusuka ogwini. Umlomo has simise uphondo. Ngokwakhe aphume olwandle yakhiwa ongaphakathi futhi izoni yangaphandle. Eyokuqala wabo ifinyelela ubude nobubanzi, ngokulandelana, 180 futhi amakhilomitha angu-80. amanzi awo ahlanzekile. Njengoba ngenxa yokujula, ayidluli 5 amamitha. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke okwesibili lezi zindawo libhekene predominance amanzi olwandle okunosawoti kanye 25 amamitha ukujula.

wemikhumbi

Imikhumbi nezinye izindawo zokubhukuda ukuthi Sludge ingeqi 7 amamitha, ungaya emlonyeni at ibanga 640 ukusuka ethekwini edolobheni Argentina Rosario. Parana River libhekene onekusasa emifula. Inani layo Imininingwane balinganiselwa ku 20 GW. Le ndawo impophoma Urubupunga yamisa eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhulu emifula. izimbobo ezinkulu, eyakhelwe emfuleni, kukhona Rosario, Santa Fe futhi Pasados.

Inani labantu

Lo mzila wamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukuphila sabantu. Njengoba atehlukaniseki cishe yonke ingxenye eseningizimu yaleli zwekazi. Akumangalisi ukuthi abaningi Argentina, edolobheni laseBrazil Paraguay elikule mali. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo, akungabazeki, kuyinto Buenos Aires. labantu bayo idlula uphawu abantu abayizigidi ezintathu. Ngaphandle kwakhe, loMfula wakha imizi eminingana, okuyizinto abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ekhaya, kanye namadolobhana amaningi amancane. Parana River usuthisa izinkulungwane abadobi. Konke lokhu ndawonye kudala hhayi nje agglomeration omkhulu, futhi endaweni lezomnotho othuthukileko.

Biota

Umfula Iyikhaya kwezinhlobo eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ensimini ka zokulondolozwa etholakala emanzini kukhona ezinye izilwane nokuxuba izitshalo ezithile, okuyinto lihambisana zinhlobo cishe yokuqothulwa. Amahlathi esiluhlaza osebeni Parana siphile-jaguar, izinhlobo Nesambane, izingulube zasendle tapir. Lihlala angaphezu kweshumi nambili zinhlobo izinyoni nezinambuzane. Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, emanzini inombolo evamile omkhulu zezinhlanzi. Akasilo lapha kangangokuba ukudoba wenziwa ngezinga ezimbonini.

izivakashi

Parana River ngonyaka edonsela lenqwaba izivakashi. Enye yezindawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kulawo manzi kubhekwe Iguazu - Falls elise emngceleni-Argentina kanye neBrazil. Ehunyushiwe ezivela olimini Indian igama lisho "amanzi enkulu". Ngu uqobo, kuba ngumbukwane ajabulisayo. Iqiniso lokuthi amanzi ukugeleza ukhamba izinyathelo sidalwe lapha, ububanzi okuyinto mayelana ezintathu amakhilomitha. Ngakho, bheka ngokugcwele waterfall kungaba kusuka window indiza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokubili ezweni lapho itholakala, wamemezela zokulondolozwa namaphethelo, uvikelekile acwebile, amahlathi olunothile. Sinenkosi igama elifanayo, futhi womabili enikezwa UNESCO Site.