Umbuso isikhunta

Umbuso isikhunta ngesayensi mycology. Isikhathi nesenzakalo yayo ubhekwa ekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Umbuso isikhunta - ifomu ekhethekile zokuphila ezingaba khona anhlobonhlobo izimo ezahlukene. Kuhlanganisa iqembu elikhulu futhi yande kakhulu eziphilayo zemvelo sithwele izimpawu kokubili izilwane nezitshalo.

Fungus ukuvela eMhlabeni angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane edlule. Kancane kancane, leli fomu zokuphila buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile konke kwemvelo ekhona emhlabeni. izici Jikelele isikhunta umbuso elinesimo ukwehluka okukhulu imvelo begazi kwezinhlobo. Ngokusho idatha etholakalayo okwamanje, kukhona emhlabeni kusukela yikhulu abameleli lamakhulu amabili lamatshumi amahlanu kanye ezahlukene kuleli fomu zokuphila. Ososayensi baye bachaza amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela wabo.

Umbuso isikhunta khona emhlabathini, umoya emanzini. Le ndlela yokuphila esikhathini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli planethi wenza omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, okwenza yokubola izinto ahlukahlukene organic. Ezinye zezinhlobo zamakhowe asetshenziswa ukudla izinjongo zezomnotho. Sebenzisa la magciwane nokukhiqizwa kwemithi.

Ngaphambi ukuvela mycology amakhowe chasiselwe umbuso isitshalo. Ndawonye nama-bacterium, ulwelwe kanye ulele, awase emnyangweni aphansi. utadisha la maqembu edingekayo ukuzisabalalisa ngakolunye, uhlelo olusha ngezigaba.

Fungus, ngokungafani izitshalo, zintula chlorophyll ezidingekile -photosynthesis. Ngenxa yalokho, by Isifaniso nezilwane, lolu hlobo eziphilayo feeds izinto eziphilayo etholakala ngaphandle.

Umbuso isikhunta ufaneleke Ukukhetha kwakhe leqembu izitshalo ngenxa yamakhono esiyingqayizivele eziphilayo yayo ephambili. Cishe wonke amalungu kuleli fomu ngokuphila mycelium noma balahleke ohlelweni. Kuyinto ngosizo kanye ukumuncwa kwezakhi kwenzeka. amakhowe ngentambo ngokuthi hyphae. Ziyakwazi kudingekile hhayi kuphela ngoba ukudla kodwa futhi ukuze kwakhiwe ethize zokuzala imizimba fruiting, phakathi noma eduze okuyinto zitholakala ezinhlamvu.

Mycology amakhowe uhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukwahlukanisa umbuso senziwa ngokusho uhlobo ezinhlamvu kanye spore isakhiwo, izakhi ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu leli fomu zokuphila.

Emvelweni, kukhona amakhowe ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. ububanzi wabo kusukela ezincane amafomu unicellular (nembiliso) ukuze izimo abalulekile kokuba ububanzi umzimba izithelo esingeqile ngamasentimitha amahlanu.

Ngokusho nabameleli bayo isakhiwo zombuso isikhunta Ziningi ngokwanele. Inhlabathi izinhlobo zalezi zinto ngokuvamile sikhula Symbiosis nge izimpande izihlahla ukwakha mycorrhiza. Amakhowe mineralize izinto ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo ukwakha humus. ukuphila inhlabathi Ezinye izinhlobo omele neqhaza ukubhujiswa naphansi ehlathini. Ezidla ezinye izinto eziphilayo yisinanakazana ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni awuthumbe round worm encane.

Umbuso isikhunta nomthelela ku nokusakazwa zemvelo. Siyabonga nalabo abamele leli fomu wokuphila, noqhekeko yezitshalo nezilwane izinsalela. Le nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyinto isikhunta pileate okuqondene saprophytes iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, zihlanganisa Govorushko eziningi.

Ezinye isikhunta ocebile apharathasi enzymatic okudala izinto eziphila abakhuthele. Lezi izindawo ezisetshenziswa ezinqutsheni ukucaciswa izithelo ayo, e ukucutshungulwa izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye roughage, kanye amaprotheni hydrolyzed kanye isitashi. Mushroom black isikhunta asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto ukukhiqiza citric acid.

Nokho, akuwona wonke amalungu inzuzo. Omkhulu umonakalo isikhunta kungabangela amaHlathi, yisinanakazana phezu kwezihlahla ngibenza ukunqoba. Futhi, lolu hlobo lokuphila kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izifo human (dermatitis, uqweqwe, umbandamu).