Starch: ifomula, izakhiwo nokunye okuningi

Amakhemikhali - a isayensi eliyingqayizivele futhi ezithakazelisayo, ngosizo umuntu angahlangabezana ukuchaza izinqubo eziningi okwenzeka emhlabeni nathi ukuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, kungani yensimbi rusts kancane, futhi kungani aluminium spoon ngokushesha heats uma elicwiliswe itiye hot. Chemistry ozungezayo ngokuphelele kithi kuyo yonke indawo: acetic acid noma uviniga, i-sodium chloride noma ithebula usawoti yibo bonke abantu, futhi izinto ezifana iodine, bleach, utshwala kanye nabanye. Kodwa kukhona i-chemistry kuyinto ikhemikhali kuwo wonke umuntu aziwa, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi isitashi. Starch kungabuye etholwe ngamakhemikhali, kodwa iningi ke akhishwa amazambane. Ake sihlolisise, konke lihlotshaniswa ke, ukuqala ziphethe ifomula amakhemikhali izakhiwo zalo nendlela isitashi kungenziwa waqaphela.

Isitashi, MDM ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: S6N10O5, enezinto eziningi izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, jelly wonke umuntu eyintandokazi zilimaze kuphela ngesizathu sokuthi iqukethe lemali ngokwanele enkulu isitashi. Kubonakala sengathi i-isitashi powder evamile, ayinaphunga cishe elingenalo ukunambitheka, kodwa into ezithakazelisayo ukuthi creaks nge deda kancane. Lokhu impahla zabo ezingokomzimba isitashi ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana isitashi inkulu ngokwanele.

Ngokuvamile, isitashi, ifomula futhi ezinye izakhiwo zalo Kwatholakala esanda kutholakala. Starch ezivezwa izitshalo, hhayi amazambane kuphela, kodwa futhi abanye ezifana, isibonelo, corn nokolweni. I isitashi amazambane iqukethe amaphesenti amabili kuphela, nokolweni corn okusanhlamvu lidlula uphawu amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa. kwakhiwa Starch is lapho kwakwakhe ungaphakathi photosynthesis molecule eziyisithupha-carbon dioxide futhi ama-molecule amahlanu amanzi whereupon molecule isitashi eyodwa futhi eziyisithupha molecule oxygen.

Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, ifomula amakhemikhali isitashi iqukethe ama-athomu carbon eziyisithupha, i-hydrogen athomu eziyishumi futhi ama-athomu ezinhlanu-mpilo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi hhayi nje ukuthi i-molecule ye isitashi likhulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukuthi enendawo umsuka ngokuphelele organic, okungukuthi, kuyinto accessory ye emasimini yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ngokuthi organic. Le into ibhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, libhekisela isigaba polysaccharides, nakuba ushukela noma izinto ezifanayo akusiyo. Futhi isitashi libhekisela izinto eziphilayo equkethe-mpilo noma ngenye - oxygen-equkethe organic compounds.

Ifomula kwesakhiwo of isitashi Uphinde abhekwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, oyiyo ingabonwa kwi-inthanethi, njengoba kudlula kwi incwadi akunakwenzeka. Omunye kungaba kuphela bathi isitashi, ngokunembile ifomula ayo, iqukethe eziningana OH-amaqembu, ngalinye elikwazi ixhunywe athomu carbon. Abantu abaningi ukudida ngale molecule nge-molecule ye-utshwala lapho bezwa mayelana iqembu OH, kodwa empeleni e-molecule amanga S6N10O5 isitashi.

Uma ufuna ukuqaphela isitashi, khona-ke akudingeki eningi isikhathi eside ukucabanga ngakho. ukuphendula qualitative ukuba khona isitashi in the medium simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: tube nje iconsa amaconsi ambalwa isixazululo iodine. Uma isixazululo ngokushesha iba Sneem, akungabazeki ukuthi ungabhalisela ngamapayipi futhi qiniseka ukuthi kukhona isitashi. Uma ufuna ukuba uhlole okunjena ezimweni lomashnih ke ukuthatha amazambane amancane, sinqume, bese ngokucophelela pipette iconsa amaconsi ambalwa iodine (zidayiswa Pharmacy ukuze cauterize amanxeba). Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile uzobona umphumela sobala wokusabela qualitative ngoba isitashi: amazambane endaweni lapho iodine kwaba kancane kancane siqala ukushintsha okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngakho, manje wena ukwazi okuningi isitashi (isitashi okungukuthi, ifomula, properties kanye izinga impendulo). Yiqiniso, lonke ulwazi ngenhla ayiphelele, kodwa uma usukulungele yahamba endleleni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali organic, ngokuqinisekile ukukusiza.