Mosfet - kuyini? Isicelo kanye ukuqinisekiswa transistors

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana transistors, MOSFET, okungukuthi, ezinye wesifunda lapho. Noma yiluphi uhlobo ensimini umphumela Transistor, ogama okokufaka kagesi ukuzihlanganisa main zamanje esithwele siteshi. Futhi yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi emkhakheni umphumela Transistor nge esangweni ukushisa namakhaza. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezifana inkambu umphumela Transistor, okuyinto esetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi kagesi, ngokuthi okuthile esigangeni-umphumela Transistor metal-nitrous-semiconductor esekelwe noma ushintsho Mos Transistor (isifinyezo esifushanisiwe kwalesi sakhi).

Uyini MOSFET?

MOSFET kuyinto FET voltage-elawulwa, okuyinto ehlukile evela ensimini ukuthi unesikhathi "nitrous metal" esangweni electrode okuyinto kagesi ngci kusukela main Semiconductor n-siteshi noma p-isiteshi nge ungqimba elincanyana kakhulu nangokuvikela impahla. Njengomthetho, kuba Silica (futhi uma elula, ingilazi).

Lokhu ultra-nomzimba omncane ngci metal esangweni electrode kungenziwa uthathwa njengomunye wezinye capacitor ipuleti. isilawuli wokuvimbela okokufaka kwenza ukungawi MOSFET kuphezulu kakhulu, lwalolu limi.

Njengoba endle, transistors Mos abe impedance eliphezulu kakhulu input. Kalula nje ingase buthelela semali kwenkokhiso static, okuholela kulimaze, uma abavikelwe ngokucophelela ngumuntu chain.

Ukwahlukana kusuka MOSFET ensimini-umphumela transistors

Umehluko omkhulu evela endle ukuthi MOSFETs ayatholakala izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo:

1. Ukuncipha kwamanzi - Transistor kudinga voltage esangweni-umthombo idivayisi usuke "OFF". Ukuwohloka imodi MOSFET okulingana "ngokuvamile ivaliwe" inkinobho.
2. Gcwalisa - Transistor kudinga voltage esangweni-umthombo ukuze ujike kudivayisi. Inzuzo Mode MOSFET okulingana inkinobho nge "ngokuvamile ivaliwe" oxhumana.

Izimpawu transistors ku izifunda

Umugqa phakathi uxhumano of abakhwabanisi futhi umthombo isiteshi Semiconductor. Uma umdwebo elibonisa transistors MOSFET, it is emelelwa umugqa amafutha okuqinile, element usebenza Ukuwohloka imodi. Njengoba wamanje kungaba kuqhamuke abakhwabanisi esangweni zero ezingaba khona. Uma isiteshi okuboniswe umugqa phantom noma umugqa eziphukile, le Transistor usebenza ukugcwaliswa imodi ngoba lamanje eligeleza zero esangweni ezingaba khona. Isiqondiso umcibisholo kubonisa isiteshi conductive noma p-uhlobo Semiconductor p-hlobo. Futhi transistors yasekhaya enzelwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe.

Isakhiwo eziyisisekelo MOSFET Transistor

Umklamo we MOSFET (okungukuthi, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni) wehlukile emkhakheni. Bobabili izinhlobo transistors asetshenziswa emkhakheni kagesi adalwe voltage esangweni. Ukushintsha ukugeleza kwenkokhiso zenethiwekhi, electron n-siteshi noma ukuvulwa ukuze p-siteshi ngokusebenzisa semiconductive umthombo-abakhwabanisi siteshi. I electrode esangweni ibekwe phezu mncane kakhulu ekuvikeleni ungqimba futhi pair of encane izifunda p-hlobo nje ngaphansi abakhwabanisi futhi umthombo electrode.

alusebenzi akukho mngcele i ukushisa namakhaza kudivayisi esangweni Mos Transistor. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuxhuma esangweni umthombo MOSFET kwabakwa- polarity (emihle noma emibi). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi transistors kaningi amazwe kuka nozakwabo yasekhaya.

Lokhu kwenza amadivayisi MOSFET ziwusizo ikakhulu njengoba ukushintshwa noma amadivayisi logic electronic, ngoba ngaphandle nethonya kusuka ngaphandle, bavamise kukhuluma musa ukuqhuba zamanje. Isizathu salokhu okokufaka okusezingeni eliphezulu esangweni ukumelana. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto encane kakhulu noma ukulawula abangelutho ludingeka Mos transistors. Ngenxa yokuthi amadivayisi elawulwa ngaphandle nginomdlandla.

Ukuwohloka imodi MOSFET

Ukuwohloka imodi kwenzeka ingasaphathwa njalo ngaphandle izindlela inzuzo ngaphandle voltage ukuchema kuzo isetshenziswa esangweni. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana isiteshi kunesithembiso at zero esangweni voltage, ngakho-ke, idivayisi "ngokuvamile ivaliwe". Umdwebo lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele umugqa okuqinile ngokuvamile ivaliwe isiteshi conductive.

Ukuze n-isiteshi Ukuwohloka Mos Transistor, engeyinhle esangweni-umthombo voltage alivumi, kuyoba deplete (kungakho igama layo liyi) beqhuba isiteshi Transistor electron yayo khulula. Ngokufanayo i-p-isiteshi Mos Transistor kuyinto Ukuwohloka omuhle esangweni-umthombo voltage, lesiteshi lizoba deplete emigodini yabo khulula, ezihambayo kudivayisi esimweni non-esiqhuba. Kodwa ukuqhubeka Transistor akuxhomekile kulokho imodi wokusebenza.

Ngamanye amazwi, Ukuwohloka imodi n-isiteshi MOSFET:

1. Voltage elihle abakhwabanisi iyinombolo enkulu electron kanye zamanje.
2. Kusho voltage nombono ophambene kanye samanje electron.

I ephambene nakho kuyiqiniso ngoba p-isiteshi transistors. Nakuba Ukuwohloka imodi MOSFET okulingana "ngokuvamile evulekile" inkinobho.

N-isiteshi Mos Transistor ikumodi Ukuwohloka,

Ukuwohloka imodi MOSFET yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo ukuthi we transistors ensimini-nomphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiteshi abakhwabanisi-umthombo - ungqimba conductive electrons nemigodi, okuyinto ekhona n-uhlobo noma p-uhlobo iziteshi. a doping isiteshi okunjalo kudala ongaphakeme ukumelana endleleni conductive phakathi abakhwabanisi futhi umthombo ne zero voltage. Ukusebenzisa transistors umhloli ukuraga yizilinganiso imisinga kanye voltages at okhiqizwayo nokokufaka.

Inzuzo Mode MOSFET

Kwande MOSFET transistors imodi inzuzo, kuba ukubuya imodi Ukuwohloka. Kube kokuqhuba isiteshi kancane doped noma undoped, okwenza kube non-conductive. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi idivayisi kwimodi kokungenzi lutho hhayi uqhuba (lapho voltage esangweni noma ukuchema kuzo zero). Umdwebo ukuze lolu hlobo Mos transistors asetshenziswa umugqa ophuke abonisa isiteshi ngokuvamile evulekile-esiqhuba.

Ukuze uthuthukise N-isiteshi Mos Transistor abakhwabanisi zamanje ayozithola kuphela uma voltage esangweni isetshenziswa esangweni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo voltage embundwini. Ngokusebenzisa zinamandla omuhle esangweni a MOSFET p-hlobo (okungukuthi, ukusebenza izindlela, izifunda ukushintsha zichazwe isihloko) edonsela electron ngaphezulu isiqondiso ungqimba oxide emhlabeni esangweni, bese kukhula inzuzo (kungakho igama layo liyi) ukushuba isiteshi, okuvumela ukugeleza yayisikhululeke kakhudlwana wamanje.

Izici imodi Gain

Ukwandisa omuhle esangweni voltage kuzokwenza ukuvela ukumelana esiteshini. It ngeke ibonise umhloli Transistor, kungaba kuphela ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho ukuhwebelana. Ukuze wehlise nokwanda okwengeziwe, kubalulekile ukwandisa wamanje abakhwabanisi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthuthukisa MOSFET imodi n-siteshi:

1. A omuhle isignali Transistor uhumusha imodi Umqhubi.
2. Ayikho isignali noma ukubaluleka yako emibi ihumusha ibe nonconductive imodi Transistor. Ngakho-ke, ngo-mode okhulisa MOSFET okulingana "ngokuvamile evulekile" inkinobho.

La mazwi ayesikisela nokuxoxisana sisebenza izindlela ukuthuthukisa p-isiteshi Mos transistors. Ngezinye zero voltage idivayisi ku "OFF" futhi isiteshi ivuliwe. Ukusebenzisa voltage negative Inani esangweni p-uhlobo MOSFET ukwenyuka isiteshi conductivity, ukuhumusha imodi yayo "vula". Ungahlola usebenzisa umhloli (digital noma shayela). Khona-ke umbuso sithole p-isiteshi MOSFET:

1. isignali Positive ihumusha Transistor "off."
2. Negative kufaka Transistor e "On" Imodi.

inzuzo imodi N-isiteshi MOSFET

Esikhathini okhulisa imodi MOSFETs babe ongaphakeme impedance yokufakwayo imodi Umqhubi kanye nonconducting eziphakeme ngokwedlulele. Futhi, kukhona ngokungenamkhawulo okusezingeni eliphezulu impedance okokufaka ngenxa esangweni yabo ukushisa namakhaza. Mode nzuzo transistors elisetshenziswa izifunda okuhlangene ukuthola CMOS logic amasango kanye usuke kwamandla nelezifunda ifomu njengoba PMOS (P-isiteshi) kanye NMOS (N-isiteshi) input. CMOS - Mos kuyinto aphelele ngomqondo ukuthi idivaysi okunengqondo onabo bobabili PMOS, futhi NMOS kuhleliswa.

MOSFET amplifier

Njengengubo nje ensimini, MOSFET transistors ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ikilasi amplifier "A". Zesikhulisa wesifunda N-isiteshi Mos Transistor e umthombo ovamile inzuzo umbuso ithandwa kakhulu. MOSFET yokukhulisa umsindo Ukuwohloka imodi okufana kakhulu izifunda isebenzisa amadivayisi ensimini, ngaphandle ukuthi MOSFET (okungukuthi, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo kukhona, okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla) has a impedance okusezingeni eliphezulu lokufaka.

Lokhu impedance ilawulwa okokufaka resistive ukuhlela inethiwekhi ezakhiwe resistors R1-R2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isignali okokukhipha Umthombo ovame amplifier transistors MOSFET ikumodi okhulisa is nabokhulumile ngoba, lapho voltage okokufaka ongaphakeme ke Transistor ndima evulekile. Lokhu kungaba ukuqinisekiswa, kokuba ku arsenal umhloli kuphela (digital noma shayela). Ngezinye okokufaka high voltage le Transistor ikumodi ON, lo voltage okukhiphayo liphansi kakhulu.