Izingozi ezinkulu ezinamandla kagesi

Amandla yigazi nenyama yempucuko yanamuhla. Uma kungekho, khona-ke ukuphila kuyayeka. Ngisho nezinsizakalo ezincane ezitshalweni zamandla zingaholela emiphumeleni embi, futhi ngisho nezingozi ezinkulu ezinhlelo zamandla kagesi zihambisana nokuphela kwezwe, naphezu kwendawo.

Unyaka ka-2012

Lesi sikhathi sasicebile kulezi zenzakalo. NgoNovemba walowo nyaka kwakukhunjulwa ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zaseMunich. I-metro, izibani zethrafikhi azizange zisebenze, cishe zonke izindawo zomuzi zazingenwe amandla. Izibhedlela zishintshelwa ku-generator-backup, izikhungo zedatha zahlupheka ngokulahlekelwa kwezigidi eziningi. Isikali sengozi sasinamandla kangangokuthi ngisho namadlelo aseMunich ayekade enamandla. "Ukuwa" kwamanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi kwakukhulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni engama-20.

Kwabe sekuthi ngoNovemba, kwenzeka okufanayo eBuenos Aires. Imikhumbi eyinhloko yedolobha yonakalisiwe. Konke kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo: Izitimela zikaMetro azizange zisebenze, izibani zethrafikhi azizange zisebenze.

Iziphepho zaseMelika

Kodwa ocebile kakhulu kulo mcimbi kwakungu-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, lapho i-United States ishaywa "uSandy." Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili baphela ngaphandle kwegesi, okuphazamisa ngisho nohambo lwaseCanada. Wethule isimanga nesiphepho "uNosister", okuyiqhuma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, futhi yakhubazeka umsebenzi wokubuyisela.

Bambalwa abantu abaqaphele lokhu, kodwa ngo-Septhemba 2012, imibiko yengozi enkulu emithonjeni yamandla kagesi yaseCuba yanciphisa, okwenza isiqhingi saseLiberty siphelelwe mahhala ... kusuka kugesi. Kwadingeka ukuba inyanga iqede yonke imiphumela.

Okufanayo kwenzeka ngoSepthemba efanayo naseTbilisi. Kodwa konke kwaba lula kakhulu, ngoba izindawo ezithile kuphela zedolobha zashiywa ngaphandle kokukhanya. Lapho konke kwakubi nakakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti eNdiya, okwakusinda ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamandla ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

2011

Yiziphi izingozi ezenzeka ohlelweni lwamagesi kanye nezinsiza ezenzekayo ngalesi sikhathi? Kuzakhamizi zaseMelika naseMexico, ehlobo lika-2011, lapho abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyishumi behlezi ngenxa yokuphuma kwezingcingo ngaphandle kokukhanya, "kwakushisa ngempela". Isizathu siwukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwesitshalo esikhulu samandla enyukliya aseMelika. Ngokushesha kwavela ukuthi isici somuntu kwakuwukusola. Isisebenzi esenze isondlo esimisiwe sezinhlelo asizange siphume imodi yokuxilonga, ngenxa yalokho ukuvala ukuzenzekela okuzenzakalelayo kwaqalwa.

Ngokuvamile, izingozi ezinkambini zamandla (izibonelo esivele zichazwe e-US) zivivinyo ezinhle kakhulu zokutholakala kwezinketho zokuhlinzekwa kwezinqolobane, kanye nekhono lezinsizakalo zokubhekana nesimo esiphuthumayo.

NgoFebhuwari ngonyaka ofanayo, imigqa eminingana yamandla yahlukana eBarnaul. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 abayizinkulungwane bashiye ngaphandle kokukhanya. Kakhulu kunzima isibhedlela, okwakufanele sisebenzise yonke imithombo ekhona yokulondoloza kagesi. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi zingozi kangakanani lezo zingozi ezikhona ohlelweni lokunikezwa ugesi lokusekela impilo.

Fukushima

Imigqa ehlukile ifanelwe lesi sitshalo samandla enyukliya aseJapane, amanzi anomswakama avela emasimini ayo aqhubeka ehamba ngokuthula e-Pacific Ocean. Isizathu sokuqala ukuzamazama komhlaba kwamaphuzu ayisishiyagalolunye, okubangela i-tsunami enamandla. Uhlelo lokupholisa luhlelekile, futhi ama-generator okusekelayo ... asuswa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili futhi athathwa ukuze alungise. Ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kokushisa, isisekelo sesitshalo samandla enyukliya sanyuka ngokushesha. Ezakhiweni zamagesi ngaleso sikhathi, i-hydrogen yaqoqwa, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ngokushesha zazwa ukuqhuma okuyizithulu ezimbili.

Ngokushesha kwavela ukuthi isici semvelo sasiqhubekisa kuphela ukungenakugwema. Imibiko yafika ngo-2008, lapho ikhomishana ye-IAEA iphakamisa ngokuqinile ukuqedwa kwephula okuningi. Ukususwa kwazo zonke izigameko zokukhiqiza kuyinto enganaki, ngenxa yalokho izigidi zamamitha ayizigidi zamamitha ayi-ray acwebile ePacific Ocean. Imiphumela yale nhlekelele, ngokusho kuka-GRINPIS, isintu asikafiki. Kuze kube manje, indawo ezungeze isitshalo samandla enyukliya iba yingozi kakhulu kubantu.

2010

NgoDisemba walowo nyaka, ngaphandle kwamandla, kwakukhona cishe yonke iRio de Janeiro. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi ukuvalwa kwezimoto kwakungenxa yesigamu esifushane emigwaqweni emikhulu yedolobha, eyabangelwa ukulungiswa okungalungile. Izindawo eziningana zasala ngaphandle kokukhanya edolobheni, i-metro ayisebenzi ngokuphelele. Ukunikezwa kwamanje kwakwazi ukubuyisela emahoreni ambalwa.

Kanti futhi ngo-Agasti, eSt. Petersburg nasezifundeni eziningana zendawo yaseLeningrad babenwe amandla ngenxa yengozi ezindaweni ezimbili. Ngokuqondile, okokuqala ingozi yenzeke eyodwa, kanti okwesibini ayikwazanga ukumelana nomthwalo okwandisiwe, ngoba konke kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi kusihlwa. Emadolobheni, izitimela zikagesi zimisiwe, zonke izakhiwo zomphakathi ezibalulekile zithunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwimpahla yamandla okusekelayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izingozi zamandla kagesi (izibonelo emhlabeni jikelele ezibonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe) zingakwazi kalula ukuba zendawo lapho kunamanethiwekhi aphindaphindiwe namandla okukhiqiza.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwabhubhi E-Indonesia

NgoJulayi, i-Indonesian Jakarta nayo yahlala ngaphandle kokukhanya ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu esiteshini samandla esishisayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyisenzo samaphekula. Umthetho wokulwa wasungulwa. Mhlawumbe, abangaziwa babefuna ukukhubaza umsebenzi wesikhumulo sezindiza yasendaweni, kepha lesi samuva, ngaphambi nje kwalesi sigameko, sathola imithombo yokusekela yamandla enokwethenjelwa, ukuze umsebenzi ungavumi.

Ngo-Ephreli, kwakukhona imibiko yengozi enkulu engxenyeni yamandla kagesi we-Nevinnomysskaya GRES. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla angaba ngu-286.85 megawatts alahlekile ngaso leso sikhathi, yingakho iningi leNyakatho yeCaucasus lahlala ngaphandle kokukhanya. Ngokuvamile, izingozi zamandla kagesi kanye nezingozi ze-hydrodynamic azihlanganisi kuphela (i-HPPs, i-GRES), kodwa futhi ziholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kunabo bonke. Isizathu esilula - isitshalo esisodwa se-CHP esisodwa singakhiqiza ama-megawatts angu-10-30, awanakuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samandla akhiqizwa izitshalo ezinkulu zamandla kagesi.

2009

Ngaphambi koNyaka Omusha, izindawo eziningi zaseBelrusrus zaxoshwa ngokuphelele ngenxa yeqhwa elinzima, ngenxa yalokho imigqa eminingi yamandla yayingqothuliwe. Kukhredithi yabanjiniyela bamandla, babhekana nale nhlekelele masinyane, ikakhulu njengoba isimo sezulu ngaleso sikhathi sase sithuthukile kakade. Into efanayo yenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Ukraine, lapho izindawo eziningi zezindawo ezisemaphandleni zahlala ngaphandle kokukhanya.

Ngokumangalisa, kodwa ingozi yamasegesi kagesi eRussia yayigwenywe. Kodwa-ke, akukho okungaqondakali kulokhu, ngoba ochwepheshe bethu bezandla baboniswa eceleni, ngaphandle kokushiya izindawo ezithintekayo izinsuku bese behambisa izinkulungwane zamamitha ngezintambo ezintsha.

Ngisho naseFrance elikude ekupheleni kukaDisemba kwakungasetshenziswanga ngenxa yokuphela kwezingozi endaweni, ngenxa yalokho iCôte d'Azur edumile yafika ebumnyameni. Kwakukhona ukuthi isiteshi sokusabalalisa eTavel asikwazanga ukuma phezu kokuqothulwa okukhulu okubangelwa ukuqhuma okukhulu kwamaholide abafisa ukuhlangana lapha ngoKhisimusi.

Ngo-November 2009, iRio de Janeiro, kanye neSão Paulo, yahlupheka. Abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo eBrazil. Kwakukhona ukuthi i-HPP "Parana" enkulu kunazo zonke yavuka ngokuphelele ngenxa yengozi enkulu ekamelweni lejini. Nokho, ngemva kwamahora angu-2.5 nje kuphela inkinga iphethwe ngokugcwele.

Inhlekelele ye-Sayan

Agasti 17, 2009 - usuku olumnyama emlandweni omusha wezwe lethu. Kwabe sekukhona inhlekelele e-Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Ngesikhathi ukulungiswa kwamayunithi, ukukhiya kwakungeke kube nokucindezela okukhulu kwamanzi, ngenxa yalokho okusheshayo kwageleza amakamelo amakhompyutha amaningi. Ngenxa yalengozi emasistimeni kagesi ku-RF, izidingo zokuphepha zabuyekezwa ngokugcwele.

Ezingxenyeni eziyishumi, eziyisishiyagalolunye zabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yengozi, imizi eminingi eSiberia yashiywa ngaphandle kokukhanya amahora ambalwa, futhi umsebenzi waqalwa kwamabhizinisi amakhulu kakhulu ase-metallurgical. Kukholakala ukuthi wabulala abantu abangu-75, kwathi abanye abangu-13 balimala kabi.

2008

Mhlawumbe, unyaka ka 2008 wawungowona "ompofu" kakhulu wengozi yamandla kagesi. Leli khathi lalikhunjulwa kuphela ngokukhwabanisa amandla eWashington. Abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-11 babengenakukhanya, izibani zethrafikhi zazingasebenzi kulo lonke idolobha. Kwavela ukuthi ngenxa yengozi esiteshini sokusabalalisa igesi, isiteshi samandla esishisayo sendawo sashiywa ngaphandle kwephethiloli. Izisulu zazingekho, izikhungo ezisemqoka nezenhlalo zadluliselwa ukugcina izimpahla zamandla.

2007

Ngo-Okthoba, ogwini lwase-Queensland wase-Australia, isivunguvungu sasinobudlova kangangokuba amakhilomitha amaningi emigqa yamandla ayabonakala ehlaselwa. Akukho ukukhanya okushiye okungenani izindlu ezingu-25 000. Yiziphi ezinye izingozi ezisezintweni zamandla kagesi emhlabeni?

Ngo-Julayi wonyaka ofanayo, ingozi enkulu endaweni ethile eBarcelona yabangela ukuba izifunda eziningana zaseSpain zibe sebumnyameni. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, kwenye yezimigwaqo eziphakathi, ukumelana nokudluliselwa kwamandla kwanda kwenyuka, okwenza kube nomlilo ophuthumayo. Akusikho isikhungo esisodwa esisebenza kulo muzi ngokwalo, ngisho nezibhedlela zihlala ngaphandle kokukhanya.

NgoFebruwari, abantu abangaba ngu-120 000 eTajikistan nabo babenqatshelwe ukufinyelela amandla. Kwabangelwa ingozi kwi-HPP "Pamir-1" ehloniphekile yezintaba. Isizathu sasingenangqondo: ngenxa yokuqondiswa kwabasimili bendawo, isitsha esikhulu sokunisela sashintsha isiteshi kancane, ngenxa yalokho amanzi ashesha avula amakamelo amaningana omshini. Ngenhlanhla, imiphumela yaqedwa ngokushesha.

NgoJanuwari, cishe ngaphandle kokukhanya, iBucharest yahlala. Izifunda ezisemaphandleni zaphela ngokuphelele. Kule hora lonke, abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane babeboshelwe esitimeleni, ezinye izithuthi zomphakathi zayeka. Konke lokhu kwenzekile ngenxa yezinkinga ezikhungweni eziphakathi. Ngenxa yengozi emasistimini kagesi (izibonelo zezimo ezifanayo esasikhulume ngazo kakade) amaHungary ayefanele acishe aqede zonke izimboni ezinkulu kagesi zedolobha kanye nezwe lonke.

2005

NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, uMoscow, esifundeni saseMoscow, kanye nesifunda saseTula nezinye izifunda eziningana zathola ugesi ngokwezimiso "ezilambile". Kwenzeke ngenxa yengozi esiteshini "Chagino". Ngokubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela yalengozi yathinta umsebenzi wezingcingo zokuxhumana zendawo kanye nabezindaba. Amakholi, kuhlanganise namaselula, awazange asebenze, izikhungo zedatha, abahlinzeki be-Inthanethi abakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu. Ngenxa yengozi, kumasevisi kagesi kagesi (izibonelo kakade zaseRussia), ukunakwa okwandisiwe sekugcineni kukhokhwe kuma-node wokusekelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokulondoloza.

Abantu okungenani abayizigidi ezine baphathwe kabi. Izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-20 000 zavinjelwa eMetro Moscow, ezinye izinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 zazinamathele emaphoyiseni. Kukholelwa ukuthi umonakalo ophelele udlule ama-ruble amabili ayizigidigidi.

Ngakho-ke, izingozi zamandla kagesi, izibonelo esinikeze zona, ziyabiza kakhulu "injabulo", ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungabi nemali kuphela, kodwa nokuphila kwabantu.