Argon - elibalulekile kohlelo gqwa

Sonke siyazi ukuthi argon isetshenziselwa Welding izinsimbi ezingafani, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu wayecabanga, ukuthi iyona element kwamakhemikhali. Nokho nomlando wayo amumethe izenzakalo. Tellingly, argon - kuyinto Ngokwesibonelo elihlukile ishadi lesikhathi, esingeyena analogue. Usosayensi yena wazibuza ngesikhathi kanjani nokuthi yayingasekho indawo yami ufike lapha.

Isibhakabhaka iqukethe mayelana 0.9% kwaleli igesi. Njengo-nitrogen, kuba hlangothi futhi ayinaphunga. Ukuze baqhubeke bephila, yena angahambisani, kodwa kumane nje Irreplaceable kwezinye izindawo yizenzo zabantu.

Umlando omncane

Elaqala ukutholwa eyiNgisi kanye physics ngokuqeqesha G. Cavendish, owaphawula khona emoyeni into entsha, emelanayo kuhlasela zamakhemikhali. Ngeshwa, Cavendish akazange ukuthola ubunjalo igesi entsha. Bekusele kancane nje ukuba neminyaka eyikhulu kamuva, uyayibona nomunye usosayensi - Johane uWilliam Strutt. Weza esiphethweni sokuthi nitrogen emoyeni kukhona ezinye admixture we igesi Lokudabuka engaziwa, kodwa argon noma enye into, akakwazanga okwamanje ukuqonda.

Lapho igesi akasabeli ezisansimbi ahlukahlukene, chlorine, acid, alkalis. Okungukuthi, kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono eyenziwa umlingisi inert. Okunye okwangimangaza ukutholakala - igesi i-molecule entsha kuhlanganisa athomu eyodwa kuphela. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, i-gas Ukwakheka efanayo ayaziwa.

Ukuxhumana nomphakathi mayelana igesi entsha kuholele ukushaqeka ososayensi abaningi abavela emhlabeni jikelele - njengoba kwakunokwenzeka ukuba singagxili igesi entsha emoyeni kwabaningi ucwaningo futhi ucwaningo?! Kodwa ukutholakala maningakholwa bonke ososayensi, kuhlanganise Mendeleev. Ngokwe-mass athomu we igesi entsha (39.9), kufanele isukela phakathi potassium (39.1) kanye calcium (40.1), kodwa isikhundla yayisivele matasa kuwo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, argon - gas ne icebile futhi indaba umphenyi. Okwesikhathi esithile ke sekulibalekile, kodwa igesi amasha ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni ngemva kokutholakala helium. Kwanqunywa ukuba ahoxise ahlukene zero isikhundla ngoba, elise phakathi halogens nezinsimbi alikhali.

izakhiwo

Phakathi kwezinye amagesi inert anikelwe iqembu kanzima, argon kubhekwa elula. isisindo salo idlula isisindo emoyeni ezikhathini 1.38. Lolu ketshezi igesi ukuqhutshwa ezingeni lokushisa -185,9 ° C, futhi ngezinye -189,4 ° C futhi ingcindezi evamile Uqinisa.

Ane-helium ne neon, argon, ungachazwa ukuthi yakwazi ukuncibilikisa emanzini - at degrees 20 isamba 3.3 ml ngayinye eziyikhulu amagremu okusamanzi. Kodwa eziningi izixazululo organic igesi ancibilikisa kangcono. Imiphumela kagesi ebangela ukuba kuvuthe, ukuze waba kabanzi imishini ukukhanyisa.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo wathola kwesinye isakhiwo ewusizo, okuyinto has argon. Lolu hlobo imvelo lapho nesitshalo sichuma, okuyinto kuye kwabonisani ucwaningo. Ngakho, lapho emkhathini, kokutshala imbewu irayisi, ummbila, ikhukhamba kanye rye wanika amahlumela abo. Kwenye indawo lapho 98% kuyinto argon futhi 2% - I-oksijini, ihlumela ezinhle ezifana izitshalo yemifino ezifana izaqathe, ulethisi, no-anyanisi.

Kuyini ikakhulukazi nobuntu okuqukethwe kule gesi ungqimba lomhlaba olukhudlwana kunamanye izakhi eqenjini layo. Okuqukethwe kwalo eseduze - 0.04 g tonne ngayinye. Lena izikhathi 14 inani ane-helium ne izikhathi 57 - neon. Ngokuphathelene yonke esizungezile, kube khona nakakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinkanyezi ezahlukene kanye mafu. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, i isikhala argon komkhathi ngaphezu kwamaminithi chlorine, i-phosphorus, i-calcium ne-potassium, okuyizinto ngokugcwele emhlabeni.

Ukuthola igesi

I amasilinda argon lapho sivame ukuhlangana, kuyinto mthombo ongashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunoma isiphi isimo wabuyela emkhathini ngenxa yokuthi uma usebenzisa akushintshi e imigomo ngokomzimba noma amakhemikhali. Ukukhethwa kungenzeka amacala ukusetshenziswa nengcosana argon isotopes ekukhiqizeni isotopes entsha futhi izakhi ngokuhamba ukusabela zenuzi.

Ngo umkhakha, igesi ezivezwa ukwehlukana umoya-mpilo kanye nitrogen emoyeni. Le gesi okuholela azalwe njengomuntu ovela eceleni. Ngenxa yale njongo ngokukhethekile imishini industrial amabili ukulungiswa kwananoma double amakholomu umfutho ophakeme futhi ongaphakeme kanye eliphakathi nendawo epholisayo-evaporator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa ammonia imfucuza ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza argon.

sphere kwesicelo

Ububanzi argon has izindawo eziningana:

• umkhakha ukudla;
• yokusansimbi;
• ucwaningo kanye ucwaningo;
• Welding;
• electronics;
• embonini yezimoto.

Lena igesi kokungathathi hlangothi phakathi lapochek kagesi anciphise isivinini ukuhwamuka ikhoyili enjani tungsten ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu impahla kabanzi esekelwe kulo mshini igesi Welding. Argon kwenza izingxenye okunokwethenjelwa ngokujoyina aluminiyamu futhi duralumin.

Yande igesi wathola kwenza umoya zokuzivikela futhi inert. Kuvamise kudingekile ngoba impatho ukushisa of izinsimbi, okuyizinto kalula kuncike namachibi. I zinhlayiyana ziyakhula kahle isimo argon ukuthola isici Semiconductor noma izinto ultra-okumsulwa.

Emihle nemibi isicelo argon ku Welding

Ngokuphathelene argon Welding kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile. Okokuqala, izingxenye zensimbi ngesikhathi Welding asishisi ngakho. Lokhu ugwema ukusonteka. Ukuze uthole ezinye izinzuzo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvikelwa onokwethenjelwa weld;
• ngesilinganiso argon Welding iphezulu kakhulu;
• inqubo kulula ukulawula;
• Welding kungaba ngomshini noma iguqulwe ngokugcwele mode othomathikhi;
• kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, argon Welding futhi kuhilela izinto eziningi ezingezinhle:

• Welding kwenzeka emisebeni ultraviolet;
• ngoba ophakeme wangaleso sikhathi arc izinga ezidingekayo Ukupholisa;
• umsebenzi oyinselele endaweni evulekile noma okusalungiswa.

Noma kunjalo, khona beziyisiza kunzima kalula ukubaluleka argon Welding.

izinyathelo zokuqapha

Lapho usebenzisa i-argon kufanele baqaphe. Nakuba gas anobuthi, kodwa kungabangela ukuklinya ngokufaka esikhundleni umoya-mpilo noma liquefying ke. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile kakhulu ukulawula inani O ₂ emoyeni (okungenani 19%) esebenzisa amadivayisi ezikhethekile, ibhukwana noma othomathikhi.

Ukusebenza igesi ketshezi kudinga ngokucophelela okukhulu njengoba argon lokushisa ongaphakeme kungabangela frostbite okunzima isikhumba ukulimala kweso igobolondo. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amagogolo futhi ovaloli. Abantu abadinga ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi ngaphansi kwesimo argon, badinga ukugqoka buso noma ezinye nangokuvikela amadivayisi umoya-mpilo.