I-ejenti causative yalesisifo. Ukuxilongwa umbendeni, izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Anthrax - isifo esithathelwanayo. It has awokuthi ukufa. Anthrax - Bacillus anthracis. Engozini abantu abasebenza emapulazini, njengoba ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukuthintana nezilwane. I-anthrax isifo, isithombe imiphumela elikwaziyo okwesabisa ubani, kuyingozi ngenxa yezizathu eziningana: kuvamile impela emhlabeni isilwane, lezinhlamvu isifo lwegciwane enhlabathini isikhathi eside igcinwe izinkomo yokungcwaba, isifo siphela kanzima futhi ukunika ukuxakeka.

incazelo

Anthrax kuyinto enkulu isilungisiwe. Nakuba emzimbeni yabantu noma yezilwane, it yakha capsule imvelo - ingxabano.

Ezinhlamvu ze-ejenti causative zigcinwe iminyaka engaba ngu-10 enhlabathini, futhi emathuneni izinkomo - kuze kube isikhathi eside izikhathi eziyisihlanu. Bona asesabi amakhaza nokushisa, basinde e izixazululo bleach kanye chlorine bleach, kanye abilayo ukuba ume imizuzu 7.

Wonke umuntu ejwayelene ezimweni lapho-anthrax ibilokhu isetshenziswa amaphekula futhi basakaze izimvilophu.

Ifomu vegetative amabhaktheriya efa ngokushesha ngemva magciwane nokubilisa. Anthrax uyakwazi ukuhambisa ifomu ilele, futhi kusebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle kwemvelo.

indaba

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umbendeni washaya abantu. Homer Okuningi futhi inhlanganiso yocezuningi okukhulunywa ngokuthi "ekhoneni engcwele". NgeNkathi Ephakathi lesi sifo uthi izimpilo zabantu nezilwane eziningi emazweni ahlukahlukene. Isikhathi sokuqala lesi sifo iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu ekhulwini XVII. usosayensi Russian S. Andrew wafakazela ukuthi i-anthrax ezilwaneni nakubantu - ungomunye futhi sona lesi sifo ukuthi kwenzeka by self-ukutheleleka. Wabuye eyabiwe nalesi sifo igama samanje.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX Lui Paster wakwazi ukwakha umgomo wokuqala. Wethula izilwane attenuated uhlobo lwe-anthrax amagciwane, okuyinto kwaholela ekwakhekeni bangangenwa yilesi sifo. Pasteur wakwazi ukufakazela isidingo umgomo ukuvimbela isifo.

WHO ibika amacala yalesisifo unyaka ngamunye izinkulungwane 20. izifundo ziyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa yokugoma nokulondoloza wesenzo. Ngo-2010, ososayensi US bakwazi ukwethula isakhi sofuzo yalesisifo e ufuzo ugwayi. Ngenxa yezinto lezo zenzo izitshalo waqala ukuba antigen elasetshenziselwa ukudalwa wokugoma entsha, cishe akukho imiphumela emibi kukhiqizwa.

inqubo epidemiological

-anthrax Human idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa imfuyo. Hhayi ekuthonyweni isifo izinkukhu, kodwa abangase bakwazi ukukuthwala ezinhlamvu ku izimpaphe, izinselo kanye ngoqhwaku.

Anthrax imbewu eletha isiguli e isilwane indle yalezi zibungu, igazi, uketshezi ethakwa emakhaleni nasebusweni umlomo. Ngo umhlabathi namanzi exciter adjudged nge umchamo futhi indle.

Umhlabathi endaweni icala isiguli siqala izinkomo onegciwane kanye nezilwane zasendle, sekuthunjweni isidumbu, kungaba isifo ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amaningi.

Ukungcoliswa komunye umuntu akusho, Ngakho-ke, izinga izifo kubantu kuncike Ubhubhane izilwane.

Ukutheleleka zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi, nabo elinegciwane imikhiqizo yezilwane, ukuqaliswa izilwane ubuhlengikazi, ngesikhathi kuvulwa imizimba yabo ngokusebenzisa isikhumba ukulimala, ukudla nomoya imuncwe.

Emazweni ase-Afrika lapho-anthrax ezilwaneni luvame kakhulu, ukudluliswa yayo abantu singenzeka ngokusebenzisa yisilwane izinambuzane igazi-abancela.

Ngubani engozini

Kunamaqembu eziningana nabantu, abenziwe ikakhulukazi wadalula ingozi yokutheleleka:

• abasebenzi Veterinary nabo izilwane;
• abakhiqizi, nabathengisi, futhi abathengi imikhiqizo eyenziwe fur zemvelo noboya, amazwe esuka ezifundeni lapho isifo luvame;
• abazingeli;
• zempi nakwezinye imikhakha bayizakhamuzi zisezindaweni ubhubhane;
• abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokucwaninga, ukuthintana ngqo ne-ejenti causative yalesisifo.

nokudlanga

Alikho izwe e-anthrax alicekelekanga phansi ngokuphelele. It is ngokuvamile atholakala Afrika naseNingizimu Melika kanye amazwe ase-Asia. EYurophu, ubhubhane livela njalo ku engxenyeni eseningizimu-ke, ku-kweBlack Sea emikhawulweni iMedithera. Abaholi ku inani leziguli i-anthrax kukhona Turkey, Iran nase-Iraq.

ERussia, avame sifo kwenzeka eNorth Caucasus esifundeni. Isizathu esiyinhloko ivela khona ezweni lethu yilona ukubulawa kwezilwane ezinegciwane kungekho isixwayiso mayelana le sevisi wezilwane kanye ngaphandle kudingekile decontamination izinyathelo.

Ikakhulukazi ukusabalala kwezifo:

• emazweni asathuthuka ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemva ukuthintana nezilwane, ukubanakekela, babulalane;
• ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile Lesifo ikakhulukazi ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane.

Ukwahlukaniswa isifo

Kukhona amafomu alandelayo anthrax:

• isikhumba;
• E .;
• yamaphaphu.

Cutaneous ivela kaningi kakhulu (cishe 95% amacala). Kungaba karbunkuloznoy (ezivamile), bullosa, endematoznoy futhi erizipeloidnoy.

Yamaphaphu futhi emathunjini amafomu avame ahlanganiswa ukuba abe ngaphansi igama elilodwa - generalized noma izilonda ukonakala. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ifomu emathunjini lesi sifo (ngaphansi kuka-1%).

Izimpawu zesifo

Isikhathi esicashile lesi sifo ingahlala kusuka amahora ambalwa isonto. Kusukela ingress ejenti kumuntu phambi izimpawu kokuqala kungase kuthathe amanani angalingani isikhathi (kuye ngokuthi umzila ukutheleleka). Ngo inqubo emoyeni kanye nokuthuthukiswa Isifo ukudla kwenzeka umbani, futhi kungenzeka ukufa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Kungakhathaliseki yalesisifo indlela sokuthuthuka kuyafana: umonakalo ushevu izitsha, yephula permeability sazo, okubangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Okuvame kakhulu karbunkuloznaya-anthrax (ejenti isithombe causative inikezwe ngezansi).

Ukuqala Kwenkathi sifo libhekene ukubukeka esikhumbeni endaweni ukutheleleka obomvu izindawo zokungena, liphenduke libe papule bese - ku vesicle umbala omnyama. Lopnuv, le vesicle uguqulwe ukususa isilonda imiphetho wakhulela lapho vesicles entsha zingavela. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile isifo black eschar Kumiswa, afana isikhumba wokushiswa. Ukuzwela ihlanganisa emhlabeni uqweqwe iphele. Engaphandle ukufana yayo amalahle kuye kwaholela ukuvela ubudala igama Russian yalesisifo - Ugljevik.

Emhlabeni isikhumba ethintekile livela edema. Kuyingozi uma carbuncle ebusweni futhi kungaholela zokuzikhukhumeza yomoya futhi ukufa.

Lesi sifo kuhambisana imfiva, ukuqaqamba, ikhanda. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa isilonda ukuphulukisa kanye isibanda kuvela.

Libhekene Endematoznaya-anthrax edema, bacteremia livela ngesikhathi esizayo lesi sifo futhi likhulu ngosayizi.

Lapho bullosa ezihlukahlukene isifo ngaleso indawo yokungena ukutheleleka avele Bubbles ukuthi ngemva ithuba kwesidumbu ku izilonda.

ifomu yamaphaphu lesi sifo ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi isifo yoboya sorters. Anthrax amagciwane emoyeni emaphashini, bese - e-lymph, okuyinto babe avuvukele. Ekuqaleni, isiguli eshisa ngokweqile, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye ubuthakathaka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, iphika encishisiwe amazinga umoya-mpilo egazini. Uma emaphashini, umbendeni iyabhebhetheka wonke umzimba womuntu. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukukhwehlela igazi, x-ray ongabonisa khona i-pneumonia, izinga eliphansi lokushisa komzimba lesiguli ngokuvamile antante 41 degrees. Kukhona edema yamaphaphu futhi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ngenxa yalokho, kungase kube nenkinga yokopha ebuchosheni.

Ngemuva kokufaka pathogen emzimbeni womuntu ukudla neziphuzo athuthukile ifomu emathunjini yalesisifo. Isigaba sokuqala lesi sifo ihlala cishe 2 izinsuku futhi elandelwa umphimbo obuhlungu, imfiva, imfiva. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zimpawu kunezelwa igazi ukuhlanza, ezinzima ubuhlungu besisu, uhudo. Kukhona ukumelwa inhliziyo, ubuso iba umbala onsomi noma bluish, papules kwakheka isikhumba. Lapho-anthrax emathunjini kungenzeka ukufa isiguli.

Lapho ifomu ukonakala lesi sifo kushesha, kukhona ukudakwa, ukopha zangaphakathi. Umphumela yokugula ezinjalo bangaba ukushaqeka anobuthi.

ukuhlola

Laboratory uphethwe yalesisifo zihlanganisa:

• ukuhlolwa serological ;
• ucwaningo bacteriological;
• Skin nomzimba ukuhlolwa.

Lapho ifomu cutaneous lesi sifo udokotela uye kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo esekelwe isikhumba izinguquko lesiguli. Uma kukhona izinsolo ifomu yamaphaphu, ukwenza esifubeni X-ray kanye scan, ukuthatha swabs emakhaleni nasebusweni isikhwehlela amasampula.

ejenti ezithathelwanayo ingaphinda kunqunywa igazi izibonelo zalokho for webhaktheriya isiko Ukuhlola amasampula uketshezi besisu, wokubhoboza lumbar, ukuhlaziya scrapings isikhumba.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Anthrax kungabangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, emaphashini, ukopha emathunjini, meningitis. Ngo amafomu generalized lesi sifo ngokuvamile eba ukushaqeka anobuthi.

ukwelashwa

Iziguli kufanele kube emnyangweni izifo ezithathelwanayo, uma Yiqiniso ezinzima zesifo - e labagula. Akunakusetshenziswa alikwazi ukuvulwa carbuncle, ngakho sigqoka kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ngesimo generalized lesi sifo isiguli kufanele kube kokubuyekezwa njalo, ngesikhathi ukuvimbela ukushaqeka anobuthi.

I-ejenti causative yalesisifo libhujiswa antibiotic. Faka izinsuku 7-14 kuye kobukhulu isifo. Kanyekanye ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane iqondiswa isiguli protivosibiroyazvenny immunoglobulin. Isikhumba abathintekayo ziphathwe antiseptics. Ekhaya, ukwelapha anthrax engenakwenzeka.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Extract kweziguli ifomu cutaneous lesi sifo kwenzeka ngemva nezibazi kwesikhumba ethintekile elinefomu generalized kumelwe abe umuntu alulame ngokugcwele futhi double negative Luhlolo bacteriological.

Ngokuvamile ekufeni yamaphaphu futhi ifomu emathunjini lesi sifo. Lapho cutaneous-anthrax ukululama ephelele kwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Abantu nabo ejenti causative anthrax, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-60 ukuphuza imithi elwa namagciwane.

Prevention Sibutsetelo

Ikhishwa zokuvimbela wezilwane kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo yalesisifo.

Amasevisi Veterinary ziyadingeka ukuhlonza kwezilwane ezinegciwane kulandele indlela yokwelashwa noma abone lokuhlaba. Izinkomo Fallen disinfected futhi zibhujiswe, ngenkathi kugqashuka magciwane isifo.

Bezempilo kufanele:

• ukuqapha nokulandela jikelele kwezinkambiso sanitary;
• Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla ngesikhathi esifanele nasekwelashweni kwezifo kungakephuzi,
• ukuzohlola igciwane isifo kwemizi;
• ngokugoma.

Kube sibiroyazvennaya nemijovo thembeke ivikela izilwane ngenxa yalesi sifo. Amapulazi lokugoma Kwenziwa abantu ngothi lwabo, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abane-izinkomo uku ubunikazi yangasese, baqonde ukuthi kungani kwakudingeka le nqubo.

Izinyathelo main lokuvikela yalesisifo

• lokugoma Lonyaka izinkomo ukuze uzivikele kundicosho;
• ukucaciswa imithetho nemisebenzi yokwelashwa kwe-ukubulawa kwezilwane ukuthi sibulawe undicosho;
• Ukuvikelwa onokwethenjelwa zokungcwaba nezindawo ubhubhane;
• yokwenqaba ukuthenga inyama engenalo inhlamba amasevisi wezilwane, kanye lesikhumba noboya ngezandla;
• ukushiswa izilwane ezifile itheleleke nge-anthrax, washisa phansi lapho walala izilwane ezigulayo, magciwane kwezakhiwo bleach;
• nekwendlala ngokuhlukaniswa endaweni lapho isifo izinkomo wathola i-anthrax,
• ukugoma abantu umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe lihlotshaniswa ingozi yesifo ikontraga ezifana-anthrax (umgomo isebenza unyaka owodwa);
• ukuqhuba ukubhekwa impilo ebhizinisini kucutshungulwa isilwane izinto zokusetshenziswa;
• izinto ezithwala izifo kungenzeka ukudla, ngakho ukunakekelwa kufanele kube imithetho ukuze kusebenziswe futhi ukupheka inyama nemikhiqizo yalo.