YeThestamente Zeno ka Elea

Zénon Eleysky - logician ngesiGreki sefilosofi, okuyinto ikakhulukazi eyaziwa ngokuba zango yakhe, ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo akwaziwa kakhulu. Idolobha lasekhaya Zeno - Elea. Futhi ngemisebenzi uPlato sefilosofi okukhulunywa umhlangano USocrates.

Around 465 BC. e. Zeno wabhala incwadi, okuyinto walandisa yonke imibono yabo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kuze kube yilolu suku yena akazange ukuthola umgadli. Ngokusho yetinsita sefilosofi afela empini nge zikamashiqela (mhlawumbe ikhanda Elea Niarchos). Lonke ulwazi mayelana Elea eqoqwe bit by bit: emisebenzini kaPlato (owazalwa engu-60 kamuva, Zeno), u-Aristotle uDiogenes Laertes, owabhala emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva ezintathu, incwadi Umlandvomphilo we zefilosofi. Ukhuluma mayelana Zeno, futhi ngemisebenzi abameleli kamuva wesikole ifilosofi yamaGreki: Themistius (.. kwekhulu lesi-4 BC), u-Alexander Afrodiyskogo (.. ekhulwini 3rd BC), kanye Philoponus futhi Simplicius (kokubili okwakudliwa ekhulwini 6th BC.). . Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha kulezi ziyavumelana kahle kakhulu nomunye, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba kabusha yonke imibono wesazi sefilosofi. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela mayelana yeThestamente Zeno. Masiqale.

zango amasethi

Selokhu inkathi Pythagoras space kanye nesikhathi kubhekwe kuphela kusukela umbono wezibalo. Okungukuthi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwa sebuningini amaphuzu kanye amaphuzu. Nokho, banalo impahla okungukuthi kulula ukuzizwa kuka ukunquma, okungukuthi "embili". Ezinye yeThestamente Zeno ifakazela ukuthi asikwazi ihlukaniswe amaphuzu noma amachashazi. ukucabanga sefilosofi simi ngale ndlela: "Ake sithi saba division kuze kube sekupheleni. Khona-ke kweqiniso kuphela nesinye sezinqumo ezimbili: kuphakathi kokuthi sithola umsalela owesincane usayizi kungenzeka noma iingcenye ezingabonakaliko indivisible, kodwa ayipheli ngesibalo sabo, noma division usishukumisele ukuba izingcezu ngaphandle Inani kusukela embili, ngokuba eyohlobo, kufanele sihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo . Akukwazi kwelinye sihlukaniswe, kanye nezinye - akukho. Ngeshwa, kokubili umphumela uba ngempela kuwubuwula. Umsuka yokuthi inqubo ukuqoqwa ingase ingagcini kuze okuseleyo has izingxenye izinto ezinenzuzo. Futhi okwesibili, ngoba usesimweni esinjalo ngabe zimiswe ekuqaleni yonke out of lutho. " Simplicius wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu agumenti Parmenides, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi umlobi wayo - Zénon. Come on.

zango Zeno sika motion

Basuke kubhekwe kweziningi izincwadi kumafilosofi njengoba ungena dissonance nge ubufakazi umqondo Eleatic. Ngokuphathelene ukunyakaza, kukhona indida elandelayo Zeno: "Umcibisholo", "dichotomy", "Achilles" futhi "Izigaba". Beza kithi sibonga-Aristotle. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

"Umcibisholo"

Enye igama - quantum Zeno indida. Isazi sefilosofi uthi iyiphi into noma emi namanje noma ihamba. Kodwa lutho iragela phambili, uma isikhala elalihlala i mileage alinganayo. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, umcibisholo ezihambayo kuyinto endaweni efanayo. Ngakho-ke, lokho akusho ukuhambisa. Simplicius washayelwa leli phuzu ifomu emfushane: "Flying into ithatha elilingana indawo emkhathini, futhi lokho kudinga elilingana indawo emkhathini, asibahambeli. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwanda kwamasabatha. ' Himalia Felopon zavela futhi embodiments efanayo.

"Dichotomy"

Kuthatha indawo yesibili ohlwini "indida Zeno sika". It sifundeka kanje: "Ngaphambi into eyaqala ukunyakaza, uzokwazi ukuya ibanga elithile, khona-ke kumelwe sinqobe engxenyeni indlela, ngakho-ke ingxenye esele, nokunye Ad Infinitum ... Njengoba ingxenye ngengxenye okuphindaphindiwe ukwahlukana ibanga sonke isikhathi kuba lesichubekako futhi inani izingcezu idatha akupheli, akunakwenzeka ukuba unqobe ibanga ngesikhathi ezilinganiselwe. Futhi lokhu agumenti isebenza kokubili amabanga amancane ngesivinini. Ngakho-ke, noma iziphi izinhlangano engenakwenzeka. Okungukuthi, umgijimi awukwazi ngisho ukuqala. "

Lokhu indida is enemininingwane kakhulu ubeke Simplicius, saveza ukuthi kuleli cala, isikhathi ezilinganiselwe kuyadingeka ukwenza isibalo esingapheliyo kuthintwa. "Noma ubani kuziwa lutho, kungaholela amaphuzu, kodwa isibalo esingapheliyo ayikwazi enumerate noma ukubala." Noma, njengoba washayelwa Philoponus, i isibalo esingapheliyo kusifundisa.

"Achilles"

Yaziwa nangokuthi yi-Okufike kudide nge-ufudu Zeno sika. Lena i-agumenti ethandwa kakhulu wesazi sefilosofi. Lokhu ukuhamba indida Achilles ukuncintisana emncintiswaneni ne ufudu onikelwa ekuqaleni ukukhubazeka encane. Indida wukuthi amasosha ngesiGreki ngeke bakwazi ukubamba up ne ufudu, ngoba kuqala ukusebenzisa kuze kube manje kuze kube seqophelweni yethulwa futhi esesesimweni ku ephuzwini elilandelayo. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ufudu uyohlale ngaphambi Achilles.

Lokhu indida kufana kakhulu dichotomy, kodwa kukhona ukwahlukana elingapheli kuhamba njengoba inchubekelembili. Endabeni dichotomy kwaba ekuhlehleni. Ngokwesibonelo, umgijimi efanayo ayikwazi ukuqala ngoba asikwazi ashiye indawo yayo. Futhi esimweni ne-Achilles, ngisho uma umgijimi uzothola ngaphansi indlela ukusuka endaweni, namanje ngeke beza begijima.

'Umhlambi "

Uma siqhathanisa zonke zango-Zeno ku ngezinga lobunzima, lokhu bekungaba aphume onqobile. He is nzima ukunikeza ngezinye setfulo. Simplicius no-Aristotle wayichaza le i-agumenti ithi kusele izingxenyana nje ze futhi awukwazi nge 100% iqiniso uthembele linokwethenjelwa. Ukwakhiwa kabusha leli phuzu okulandelayo: Ake A1, A2, A3 futhi A4 awashintsheki ilingane Usayizi imizimba yenyama, B1, B2, B3 futhi B4 - indikimba ilingane A. uhamba emizimbeni B ngakwesokudla ukuze ngamunye B sihamba futhi emva kwesikhashana, okuyinto isikhawu esincane kunazo zonke ngesikhathi sonke. Ake B1, B2, B3 futhi B4 - umzimba nsé A no-B, bese ukuhambisa ngokuhlobene A kwesobunxele, breaking ngamunye izidumbu ngomzuzwana.

Kusobala ukuthi bonke ezine unqobe B1 umzimba B. Ake per unit sikhathi, asithatha isidumbu okufanayo ndima kwelinye B. umzimba Kulokhu, zonke ukunyakaza kwakudingeka amayunithi ezine. Nokho, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amaphuzu amabili, zinyanga salokhu ukunyakaza ukuba ongatheni ngakhoke - kukhona indivisible. Kule kusobala ukuthi ubunye ezine indivisible lasi ezimbili indivisible.

"Indawo"

Ngakho manje wazi zango eziyisisekelo Zeno ka Elea. It uhlala ukutshela mayelana yokugcina, okuyinto ngokuthi "The Indawo" ezaziwayo. Lokhu Okufike kudide nge-Zeno Aristotle ezivelele. agumenti efanayo ekhonjiwe ezincwadini Simplicius futhi Philoponus ku 6th ekhulwini BC. e. Lapha izinkulumo Aristotle mayelana nalolu daba e Physics bakhe: "Uma kukhona indawo, indlela ukunquma lapho likhona? Ubunzima, esahlanganisa Zénon, kudinga incazelo. Njengoba konke okukhona unendawo, kusobala ukuthi endaweni ibe yindawo, nokunye. D. Ukuze infinity. " Ngokusho kwezazi kakhulu, kukhona indida lapha ngoba akekho lamanje alikwazi ukuba sihluke yena kanye eziqukethwe uqobo. Philoponus ukholelwa ukuthi ngokugxila umqondo self-ziyangqubuzana "indawo", Zeno wafuna ekuphikiseni imfundiso yokuziphendukela kaningi.