Irena Sendler (Krzyzanowska): Umlando. Heroes ukumelana antifascist ePoland

In autumn 2008, ifilimu "Nesibindi Inhliziyo ka-Irena Sendler" yabukiswa e-United States. Watshela owesifazane buthule washona ngo-May ngawo lowo nyaka e Warsaw ku 99 th unyaka owodwa wokuphila. ababukeli abaningi ngesikhathi ebuka izithombe akakwazanga ukubamba izinyembezi, ngakho indaba ethinta inhliziyo ebuhlungu Irena Sendler kwaba.

ebuntwaneni

Irena Kshizhanovskaya wazalwa udokotela umndeni, sasibanjelwe ubuhlakani, okuyinto ophethe esibhedlela futhi ngokuvamile enikeziwe usizo lwezokwelapha kumaJuda abampofu abangakwazanga ukukhokhela ukwelashwa. Ngisho engakazalwa indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka engu-ngokuzimisela izenzo emelene nohulumeni. Lapho u-Irene wayeneminyaka engamashumi 7 ubudala, uyise eshona phansi enomkhuhlane, abangenwe iziguli. Emphakathini wamaJuda, Merit tsenivshaya kakhulu Dr. Krzyzanowska, banquma ukusiza umndeni wakhe ngokunikela ukukhokha ukuqeqeshwa Irene yobudala bayo - kweminyaka eyi-18. Umama wentombazane wenqaba ngoba ngangazi ukuthi indlela kanzima ekhaya ukuba abaningi iziguli wangaphambili umyeni wakhe, kodwa watshela le ndodakazi. Ngakho, ngo-Inhliziyo Irena phakade ixazululwe ukubonga uthando, kamuva okwavela izinkulungwane zezingane.

Eyunivesithi ejoyina Polish Socialist Party, njengoba yena wayefuna ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise.

Ngo-1932, u-Irene washada Mechislava Sendlera, kodwa umshado akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, noma isehlukaniso olusemthethweni, abazange ikhishwe.

feat

Lapho benza Kwesizwe ePoland, u-Irena Sendler kwaba umsebenzi waseWarsaw Umnyango Wezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumfelokazi ilungu Polish inhlangano engaphansi komhlaba "Zegota", ukwenza ekurhelebheni amaJuda.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi professional owesifazane osemusha babezihambela njalo lezi Warsaw ghetto, wafike wasiza isikhulu izingane ezigulayo. Ukusebenzisa le khava Irena Sendler nezinye amalungu "Zegota" ukulondolozwa izingane 2500 angamaJuda, okwase babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso idluliselwe zezindela, ngasese nomndeni zokukhosela.

Ngokwe-Umlando yabahlanganyeli lezo zenzakalo, futhi izingane zafakwa amabhokisi nge izimbobo, pre-bazithela ingalali amaphilisi, bese kuyasuswa ghetto umshini ukuthi zazinikezwa izibulali-magciwane. Ngokuqondene izingane ezindala, basusa emasakeni nobhasikidi, athathwa ngokusebenzisa endle, ezindlini kwezindlu nezakhiwo eduze endaweni reserved for yokuhlala yamaJuda.

ukubopha

Irena Sendler waqikelela ukuthi kuyenzeka lokho ngemva kwempi izingane bophulwe bakwazi ukuthola abazali babo. Wabhala amagama abo ku zithombo iphepha futhi eligoqiwe kubo embizeni ingilazi, okuyinto wangcwatshwa ensimini yase umngane.

Ngo-1943 u-Irena Sendler waboshwa, isizathu wakhonza njengomdala ekubalahleni engaziwa. Le ntombi ahlukunyezwa, ezama ukuthola ukuthi ngubani nethimba lakhe walibangisa ukunyakaza ukumelana, noma nje ingxenye yenhlangano yakhe yomshoshaphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Irene yabonisa ifolda onephunga okulahla nemibiko ngemisebenti yayo, esisayinwe abantu bakhe ajwayelekile. Inhloso amaNazi kwaba ukwazi amagama namanye amalungu Gcina imisebenzi Izingane nezindawo lapho izingane ababecashe kuwo. Naphezu ukushaywa, u-Irena ethambile ayizange ikhishwe nabangane bakhe watshela amaGestapo, lapho uhlu nge amagama amaJuda zinsizwa, ngokuba ngalolo Uma kwenzeka bona kuzolindeleka ukuba uthumele ku Treblinka ekamu ukufa nokufa.

"Ukwenza" kanye waphunyuka

Ehlulekayo ukuze uthole umphumela, amaNazi bagwetshelwa ukufa, u-Irena. Ngenhlanhla, Sendler wayesaphila - kubahlanganyeli ukumelana anti-undlovukayiphikiswa ePoland wawusindisa ngu zokugwazela onogada. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, kubikwe umyalo ukuthi ukubulawa okwenzeka, ngakho-Irene is abamfunanga.

Ngokwe-Umlando yowesifazane ngaphambi kokuthi azidubule naye wabiza at kokuphenywa zokugcina. Ukuhambisana isosha umbizela Irene ngazo ekwakhiweni amaGestapo, futhi bafakwa alley futhi bayalwa ukuba abaleke. Kwakukhona komhlaba Polish ngubani wamthatha endaweni ephephile. "Ngo-inkumbulo" mayelana nokuhlala Emakamelweni angaphakathi amakhosi sokuhlushwa lobuNazi ngesikhathi Irene wahlala anempilo ebuthaka, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe ekuleso ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile.

umsebenzi Ukugcwaliswa

Irene Sendler bazifihla kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi. Ngemva yokukhululwa Poland, wakwazi ukuba idlulisele ukwaziswa mayelana izingane bophulwe ukuba Adolf Berman, ngubani kusukela ngo-1947 kuya 1949 kwaba usihlalo weKomiti Central lamaJuda ePoland. Ngenxa isikhathi eside, yakwazi luhlanganise imikhaya abake bahlukunyezwa Kwesizwe. Njengoba izingane eziyizintandane, ngemva esinzima eside ekugcineni zafinyelela ku-Israyeli.

Life ngemva kwempi

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi leholele uxolo eYurophu Nesibindi Inhliziyo ka-Irena Sendler kungaba ukuzola, futhi ekugcineni waphulukisa ukuphila komkhaya ethulile. Nokho, isiphetho wanquma uwubeke elinye igalelo: ukuphepha zombuso Poland wafunda ngobuhlobo bayo ne Army Regional futhi waqala ukuphishekela yayo. Ngo-1949, ngesikhathi kokuphenywa ngesihluku abakhulelwe Irena kwesikhathi wabeletha ingane owafa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

ukuqashelwa belated

Nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi u-Irena Sendler, iziphathimandla Polish ngisele ngedwa, wazizwa sengqondo esinenzondo iziphathimandla ukuba umuntu kwaba yilapho kuwa umbuso zamaKhomanisi. Ngakho, lapho ngo-1965 i-Museum of nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe Israyeli "Yad Vashem" unqume umklomelo Irena Sendler isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Zilungile Phakathi Kwezizwe, ke awuzange ungivumele ukuba uvakashele ezweni abahlala kulo okwakungaba ababehlala wamsindzisa kanye abafana namantombazane abase abadala ubona unina yesibili.

Kuphela ngo-1983 iziphathimandla Polish wayeka ukuvimbela travel wakhe phesheya, no-Irena Sendler wakwazi ukuvakashela Israyeli, lapho watshala komkhiwane wakhe e-Memory Alley.

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, emhlabeni, bambalwa abantu base bazi ukuthi efulethini nesizotha Warsaw uphila Isalukazi, afeza feat okufanele zonke imiklomelo eliphakeme kanye neticu. Kodwa isiphetho abakholelwa ukuthi, ukuze u-Irena Sendler ngalubona usuku lapho ufunde ngomlando walo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Futhi konke kwenzeka ngengozi ngo-1999, futhi waqala futhi babe izingane - isikole ezine kusukela Uniontown American edolobheni. Besalungisa umbiko iphrojekthi "Usuku Umlando" nekutsi thishela usebente wababonisa weliphephandzaba eminyakeni emihlanu edlule ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Enye Schindler." Labo amantombazane othakazelayo waqala ukubheka ulwazi mayelana Irena Sendler, wathola ukuthi wayesaphila. Ngosizo izihlobo nothisha, babhala iSivumelwano play "Ukuphila ebhange", okwakubekelwa okuhleliwe yeshashalazi ezahlukene e-US, Canada, futhi kamuva ePoland. Amantombazane babo babefika Warsaw, lapho bebona Thixo yabo. Ubungane babo Irena Sendler saqhubeka iminyaka eminingana, phakathi naleso sikhathi zisuke wavakashela Umama Kwesizwe Izingane.

udumisa

Uquketheni Irena Sendler kade Kuhlolwe nguhulumeni Polish, okuyinto ngo 2003 ukhishwa wakhe Order of White Eagle. Gentlemen indondo phezulu ukuya Sandler baba mithi yaseYurophu, ehlanganisa i uPeter Omkhulu, abaholi abadumile lempi kanye uPapa. Order of White Eagle libuyiselwe ePoland kuphela ngo-1992, futhi phakathi abamukeli past 24 iminyaka neze ubani kwaba njengabafanelwe kuye njengoba uNkk Sendler.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokufa Irena Israeli uNdunankulu kanye uMongameli we Poland ahlinzekwa iKomiti kaNobel ukuba umklomelo Umklomelo Ukuthula kuye. Nomvuzo Sendler akazange athathe indawo, njengoba ikomidi ngaleso sikhathi akazange aguqule imithetho, enquma ukuthi umvuzo afanele izenzo eziye obenziwa eminyakeni emibili edlule.

Njengomunye Prize amaPolish Izintatheli 'namahloni. " Labo wamnika, wahamba indoda uyakufanelekela yakhe ukwedlula noma ubani omunye, ukuze umklomelo Al Gore banikeza izingxoxo mayelana nezinkinga yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Futhi ngo-2007, unyaka uNkk Irene waklonyeliswa ngendondo "Order of the Smile." Njengoba njalo empilweni wangenela izingane ka-Irene: kwathiwa inikezwe njengoba ukhetho for indondo umfana Shimon Plotsennikom ka Zielona Gora. "Order of the Smile" yasungulwa ePoland ngo-1968, futhi unikelwa abantu abanikeza izingane injabulo. Ngo-1979, lo mklomelo yanikezwa i-status ngamazwe, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi abazobhapathizwa ukuthola ukhetha ikhomishana ehlanganisa abamele amazwe angu-24.

Le filimu "I Nesibindi Inhliziyo ka-Irena Sendler"

Le filimu, okuyinto sesivele okukhulunywa, yathathwa eLatvia. Lapho izintatheli American watshela Irene ukuthi ukuphila ngesikhathi sempi bayahamba ukwenza ifilimu, esho evuma. Kulokhu, lo wesifazane wabuza ukuthi isithombe kwakuyiqiniso futhi ubonise amaMelika yini ngempela kwaba empini, olufana Warsaw ghetto, futhi kwenzekani lapho. Irena Sendler indima ifilimu eyadlalwa New Zealand actress Anna Paquin, ngubani ngo-1994 ahlonishwe nge umklomelo ifilimu "Oscar" ngoba Kuhle Ukusekela lwabalingiswa. Ngokusho izibukeli, ifilimu wathola kakhulu ephezulu bamisa nobuyiqiniso. Painting efana nendodakazi Irena Sendler - Ioannina, okuyinto ekuqaleni kuqhathaniswa umbono yokudala inguqulo cinematic of biography of unina.

I ukumelana ezinyakazayo ePoland

Ukukhuluma feat Sendler, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ungowesifazane onesibindi ayikwazanga asebenze ngawodwana. Ngokusho Pani yakhe u-Irena kakhulu, ukuze asindise nengane eyodwa wayedinga usizo, okungenani 12 abantu :. Abashayeli, abasebenzi bezempilo, onogada, abasebenzi abahlala ezikhungweni zabangenamakhaya, izikhulu prescribers kokuzihlanganisa amadokhumenti, njll Kuyinto indima ekhethekile bekungelegolide izindelakazi Polish. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingane 500 esindiswa Irena Sendler, sakwazi eyasinda sibonga usizo lwabo ezaziwayo. Nokho, nodade abaningi baye ikhokhelwe zobuntu Christian, ebonakaliswa maqondana nezingane kahle ezinye izinkolo, izimpilo zabo, futhi ngisho baba abafel 'ukholo. Ngakho, ngo-1944 emathuneni waseWarsaw amaNazi okwakulapho kuthelwe uphethiloli bese ishiswa iqembu izindela owasiza amaJuda ayephila.

Ayikho ngaphansi ethinta inhliziyo, futhi kule ndaba ebonisa indlela Wojciech Zhukavsky no-Aleksandru Zelverovich wafihla izingane 40 aphume ghetto ezu, lapho bebengayikuba ukufihla phakathi ezinkanjini nezilwane.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi owayeneminyaka Irena Sendler, ifilimu zazo kufanele ngempela ukubukeka, ikakhulukazi njengoba itholakala translation Russian.